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By: Karmokov, MukhamedType: ArticleIn: Comparative CytogeneticsVolume: 16Series:Issue: 1Date: 2022Page Range: 19--38Publication Info: Pensoft Publishers 2022Subjects: 1.288–0.307 Mya. The possible relationship between 1758) sequences from European populations 1803. The karyotype of the studied population is m 1974 (Diptera 3 Mya) and early Pliocene (5 3–2 3–5 58 Mya). On the other hand and do not form a separate clade of the phylogenet and Nearctic Ch. entis-Ch. plumosus clusters appea and Nearctic Ch. entis-Ch. plumosus clusters. The Chironomidae) from the South Caucasus. The species Chironomus bonus COI gene Diptera Far Eastern Ch. borokensis-Ch. suwai mitochondrial DNA one can observe several clear clusters. We named t one of the most widespread and successful groups i Palearctic Ch. plumosus Phylogeny polytene chromosomes South Caucasus the distances between the clusters exceed this ran the epochs of Late Miocene (7 The study presents data on the karyotype character