Research Article Journal of Orthoptera Research 2017, 26(2): 195-203 Contribution to the knowledge of Oriental Phasmatodeda II: A taxonomic study of the genus Paragongylopus (Phasmatodea: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini) Georce WAI-CHUN Ho! 1 Hong Kong Entomological Society, Hong Kong. Address: P. O. Box No. 73749, Kowloon Central Post Office, Hong Kong. Corresponding author: George Wai-Chun Ho (georgehwc@hotmail.com) Academic editor: Matan Shelomi | Received 19 July 2017 | Accepted 15 September 2017 | Published 6 December 2017 http://zoobank.org/E1E74E98-E590-42 BF-B5B6-BF 19651 F4030 Citation: Ho GWC (2017) Contribution to the knowledge of Oriental Phasmatodea II: A taxonomic study of the genus Paragongylopus (Phasmatodea: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 26(2): 195-203. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.15291 Abstract This study provides a taxonomic review of Paragongylopus Chen & He, 1997 with descriptions of one new subgenus, four new species and one new subspecies. They are namely Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n., P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n., P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii subgen. n. and sp. n., P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n., and P. (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. The occurrence of P. (Paragongy- lopus) plaumanni Zompto, 2000 in China is reconfirmed. Paragongylopus is firstly recognized in Vietnam. Keys to the species of both subgenera and checklists of known species are also provided. Key words China, new taxa, stick insects, Thailand, Vietnam Introduction Paragongylopus Chen & He, 1997 is a genus with small body size and three recognized antennal segments that readily make it morphologically distinguishable from all other genera in the subfamily Pachymorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893, Chen and He 1997, Zompro 2000, Bragg 2001, Cliquennois 2004, Chen and He 2008, Ho 2014). Paragongylopus was considered as a Chinese endemic ge- nus until it was reported by Zompro (2000) in Thailand with the description of a new species. Only two species, Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He, 1997 and P. plaumanni Zompro, 2000, are described from Guangxi in southern China and Nakhon Ratch- asima in central Thailand respectively. The former species is the type species of Paragongylopus, but only the female is known. After that, Ho (2014) provided the first description of its cor- responding male and egg and also reported the occurrence of P. plaumanni in China. The author of this study conducted fur- ther collecting trips to various localities in China and examined various Vietnamese collections that resulted in the discoveries of new localities and new taxa of Paragongylopus, including one new subgenus, four new species and one new subspecies described in this study. This study aims to provide a revision of Paragongylopus with the descriptions of six new taxa and a taxonomic key, and to enhance the knowledge of Chinese and Southeast Asian Phas- matodea biodiversity. Material and methods This study is based on the collection of specimens in various localities in China and examination of specimens in different col- lections. The specimens of Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n., P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n., P. (Plano- paragongylopus) lii subgen. n. and sp. n. and P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000, were collected directly by hand by the present author at night due to their nocturnal behavior. A hand torch was used to spot them on the plants. The specimens were dried and pinned after collecting. No food plant fed upon by the collected species was observed. Morphological terms follow Bragg (2001), Zompro (2004) and Bradler (2009). The eggs of P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. were ex- tracted from the abdomen of the holotypic female. Ootaxonomic terminology refers to Clark (1976a, b, 1979, 1988, 1998), Clark- Sellick (1997) and Zompro (2004). The descriptions of coloration are based on dried specimens. Measurements are given in millime- tres (mm) for all the taxa. The sequence of genera and species is in alphabetical order. The types and non-type material mentioned in this paper are deposited in the following localities: Hong Kong Entomological Society, Hong Kong, China (HKES), Institute of Zo- ology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS), Man- chester Museum, The University of Manchester, U.K. (MMUE), In- sect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC) and private collections of Oliver Zompro, Germany (OZ). JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) 196 Taxonomy Paragongylopus Chen & He, 1997 Subsequent literature—Chen and He 1997: 297. Bragg 2001: 670. Cliquennois 2004: 314. Zompro 2004: 317. Otte and Brock 2005: 247. Chen and He 2008: 208. Hennemann et al. 2008: 19. Ho 2014: 12. Type species.—Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He, 1997: 297, by original designation. Distribution. —China (Guangxi and Yunnan), Thailand and Vietnam. Notes.—A total of two subgenera, six species and two subspecies are recognized from this genus. Keys to the species of both subgen- era with checklist of known species are provided. Key to the subgenera of Paragongylopus 1 Body slender and elongate, longer than 30 mm, thorax and abdo- mienitCylinidtical |). acssekeoneangseck oteolarmRe berets P. (Paragongylopus) s. str. - Body robust and stout, shorter than 30 mm, thorax and abdomen dorsoventrally flattened................ P. (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) Chen & He, 1997 s. str. Subsequent literature. —-Chen and He 1997: 297. Bragg 2001: 670. Cliquennois 2004: 314. Zompro 2004: 317. Otte and Brock 2005: 247. Chen and He 2008: 208. Hennemann et al. 2008: 19. Ho 2014: 12. Type species.—Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He, 1997: 297, by original designation. Description.—Small size. Apterous. Body slender and cylindrical, robust in female, more slender in male. Head oval, with sparse and small granules. Vertex flat, unarmed or with paired supra- antennal armature. Occiput gently convex. Antennae formed by three segments, each with a different morphological structure from other segments: scapus oval in the dorsal view, more or less triangle-shaped in cross section; pedicellus minute, indistinct, and knob-shaped; third segment cylindrical, with a small me- dial elevation on its inner margin and a few minute, spine-like bristles on the first half of the inner margin. Thorax with sparse and small granules. Pronotum trapezoidal and expanded poste- riorly. Female mesonotum parallel-sided or weakly expanded at second half. Abdomen cylindrical, sparsely granulated. Postero- medial area of seventh sternum lacking or with a small hump- like praeopercular organ in female. Female subgenital plate short, scoop-shaped and flattened, posterior margin rounded. Male poculum cup-shaped, posterior margin rounded. Cerci cy- lindrical and straight. Legs slender. Anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of femora and tibiae waved, serrated or unarmed. Egg capsule cylindrical with oblong micropylar plate. Distribution.—China (Guangxi and Yunnan) and Thailand. Notes. —Currently three species and two subspecies are recognized from this subgenus. G.W.C. HO Species included.— 1. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. [China (Yunnan)]. 2. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000: 50, figs 1-8. [China (Yunnan) and Thailand]. 3.1. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n. [China (Yunnan)]. 3.2. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis Chen & He, 1997: 297, figs 1-3. s. str. [China (Guangxi)]. Key to females of Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) 1 Anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora lacking noticeable GUEET ACUTE 2 Mess tapas dein hla ieby th ah Micah Mot P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni - Anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora distinctly armed wathobtusetecth*tor serrations tei: Ar Gel ers letestui 2 2 Fourth abdominal tergum with a rounded laminate crest ................. Urisgastaliot sara sistas stones sieetaad aendaniestanesae he oritanas P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. ~ Fourth abdominal tergum lacking laminate crest ........ ec ieeeeeeeeee 3 3 Vertex of head with erect spine-like HOLM .......... cece ceseeeseeeeeeeees Piste lich Ach aar P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n. - Vertex of head with flattened triangle-shaped horns, apices pointing POUW ATS cdi iovesth esos Myioas Meteo! P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis s. str. Key to males of Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) 1 Anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora lacking noticeable PTTAGLITG AR ir, 228s OR Oe ok ate ed A P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni - Anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora distinctly armed with obtuse teeth.............. P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis sen. str. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. http://zoobank.org/AE12B19E-94E0-4A2E-8176-899CDC220F1E Figs 1-4, 11-12, 17 Type material.—Holotype 2, 1300-1400m, Huanglianshan, Lu- chun, Yunnan, China, 7.1X.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES); Paratypes 6 eggs (extracted from abdomen of holotype 2), 1300- 1400m, Huanglianshan, Luchun, Yunnan, China, 7.1X.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES). Diagnosis.—Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. is similar to Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis Chen & He, 1997, but can be easily distinguished by rough thorax, distinctly carinate mesonotum and presence of a rounded lamellate crest on fourth abdominal tergum. Description.—Female (Figs 1-2, 11-12, 17): Small size. Body cy- lindrical, slender and slim. General color of body and legs brown. Head oval, longer than wide, gently constricted after compound eyes. Vertex flat, with a pair of spine-like horns (erect in fresh specimen, curved in dried specimen) between compound eyes. Occiput convex, sparsely covered with small granules. Median and lateral longitudinal furrows indistinct. Compound eyes small and oval, its length about two-and-one-half times that of genae. Antennae short, with three distinct segments; scapus oval in dor- sal view, more or less triangle-shaped in cross section, as large as compound eyes; pedicellus minute and indistinct, knob-like, smaller than compound eyes; third segment generally cylindri- cal, apices blunt, tapering basally, about four times longer than scapus, inner margin elevated medially, first half of inner margin with minute spine-like bristles. Thorax rough, sparsely covered JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) G.W.C. HO Figs 1-4. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. 1. 9, apex of abdomen, lateral view; 2. 2, apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 3. Egg, lateral view; 4. Egg, dorsal view. with very few small granules. Pronotum trapezoidal, expanded posteriorly, shorter than head; anterior and posterior margins truncate, lateral margins thickened, transverse and longitudinal sulci indistinct. Mesonotum parallel-sided, as long as mesofem- ora, median and lateral longitudinal carinae distinct, posterolat- eral margins elevated. Metanotum longer than combined length of head and pronotum, median and lateral longitudinal carinae distinct, posterolateral margins elevated. Abdomen cylindrical, tapering posteriorly. Distinctly carinate mediolongitudinally. Sparsely covered with very few small granules. Median segment narrow, wider than long. Median segment to fifth tergites with a crest posteromedially, strongly enlarged as a rounded lamel- late crest on fourth tergum, varied in sizes on other tergites. Sec- ond to fifth sternites with a granule-like hump on each side of posterolateral angles. Seventh sternum lacking noticeable prae- opercular organ. Eighth tergum longer than anal segment. Anal segment longer than ninth tergum, shorter than eighth tergum, constricted posteriorly, posterior margin rounded. Supra-anal plate indistinct. Subgenital plate scoop-shaped, short, flattened, posterior margin rounded, almost reaching posterior margin of ninth tergum. Cerci cylindrical, straight, apices rounded and sur- passing posterior margin of anal segment. Legs slender and long. Profemora incurved basally, as long as protibiae. Anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora and tibiae distinctly armed with three to six serrations of varied sizes. Anteroventral and pos- teroventral carinae of tibiae unarmed. 197 Measurements.—(mm) Holotype 9, Body length: 32, head: 2.5, an- tennae: 2, pronotum: 2, mesonotum: 6, metanotum: 4.5, median segment: 1, profemora: 9, mesofemora: 6, metafemora: 7, proti- biae: 10, mesotibiae: 7, metatibiae: 9. Eggs.—(Figs 3-4): Capsule rufous brown, oblong, rough. Micropy- lar plate brown, oval, gently elongated anteriorly. Micropylar cup placed near posterior apex of micropylar plate. Median line long, placed behind micropylar plate, almost as long as length of micro- pylar plate. Operculum flattened and rough. Measurements.—(mm) Length: 3.2 mm, width: 1.4 mm, height: 1.4 mm. Habitats.—This species is found in the low level of evergreen mountainous broadleaf forests between 1300 and 1400 metres. Distribution.—China (Yunnan). Notes.—The male is unknown. The description, illustrations and measurements of eggs are based on the extracted eggs which were removed from the abdomen of the holotypic female and probably in developing stage. No food plant eaten by the collected speci- men was observed. Etymology.—This new species is named in honor of Professor Chen Shu-Chun (Beijing, China) for his extensive works and contribu- tions to the Chinese phasmid fauna. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000 Figs 13-14 Paragongylopus plaumanni Zompro, 2000: 50, figs 1-8. Otte and Brock 2005: 247. Zompro 2009: 20. Ho 2014: 13. Type material.—Holotype 4, 101°19’E, 14°31’N, 900-1000m, S Khao Mai Pok, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 19-25.X.1997 (OZ); Paratypes 24 and 19, 101°19’E, 14°31’N, 900-1000m, S Khao Mai Pok, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 19-25.X.1997 (OZ); 14 and 12, 1200m, Viewpoint Khao Kheo, Khao Yai, Nak- hon Ratchasima, Thailand, 15.X.1997 (OZ). Further material.—12, 500-600 m, Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China, 4.[X.2015, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES). Distribution.—China (Yunnan) and Thailand. Notes.—No food plant eaten by the collected specimen was observed. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n. http://zoobank.org/2CC6BD20-49EA-4307-AF2B-C6BFDE480861 Figs 15-16, 18 Type material.—Holotype 9, Yuping, Pingbian, Yunnan, China, 8.1X.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES). Diagnosis.—Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n. is similar to the nominate Paragongylopus (Paragongylo- pus) sinensis sinensis Chen & He, 1997 s. str., but can be distin- guished by erect spine-like horns on vertex of head and compara- tively enlarged armature on legs. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) 198 Description.—Female (Figs 15-16, 18): As in nominate race, body cylindrical, slender and elongate, covered with short dense bris- tles. General color of body and legs brown. Head as in nominate race, but vertex with a pair of erect spine-like horns between com- pound eyes. Antennae and compound eyes as in nominate race. Thorax as in nominate race. Abdomen as in nominate race, but median segment to seventh tergites with more distinct paired lamella-like elevations on posterior margin, strongly enlarged as a pair of humps on fifth tergum, varied in size on other tergites. Posteromedial area seventh sternum with a small hump-like prae- opercular organ as in nominate race. Legs slender and long. Anter- odorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora and tibiae distinctly armed with four to eight serrations of varied sizes. Anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of protibiae and mesotibiae unarmed. Anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of metatibiae waved. Measurements.—(mm) Holotype 9°, Body length: 43, head: 3, an- tennae: 2.5, pronotum: 2.5, mesonotum: 8, metanotum: 6, me- dian segment: 1, profemora: 13, mesofemora: 8, metafemora: 10, protibiae: 13, mesotibiae: 8, metatibiae: 10. Habitats.—This species inhabits the low level of evergreen moun- tainous broadleaf forests. Distribution. —China (Yunnan). Notes.—The male is unknown. No food plant eaten by the col- lected specimen was observed. Etymology.—This new species is named after the type locality, Ping- bian (Yunnan, China). Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis Chen & He, 1997 s. str. Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He, 1997: 297, figs 1-3. Chen 1999: 48. Otte and Brock 2005: 247. Chen and He 2008: 208, figs 173a—-b. Hennemann et al. 2008: 19. Zompro 2009: 21. Ho 2014: 12, figs 1-7. Type material.—Holotype 3, Damingshan, Wuming, Guangxi, Chi- na, 23.V.1963, Yang Chi-Kun (IZCAS). Further material.—6¢, 22 and 4 eggs, Damingshan, Wuming, Guangxi, China, 28-31.VH.2012, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES). Distribution.—China (Guangxi). Notes.—Ho (2014) provided the first description of male and eggs for this species. Subgenus Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. http://zoobank.org/156FAE34-E635-49CC-9904-BACBD36B480D Figs 5-10, 19-25 Type species.—Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n., by pre- sent designation. Diagnosis.—Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. is similar to Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) s. str., but can be G.W.C. HO Figs 5-6. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi subgen. n. and sp. n. 5. 2, apex of abdomen, lateral view; 6. 9, apex of abdo- men, dorsal view. distinguished by smaller size and dorsoventrally flattened thorax and abdomen. Description.—Small size. Apterous. Body dorsoventrally flat- tened, robust and stout. Head rounded or oval in dorsal view, dorsoventrally flattened. Vertex flat, unarmed. Occiput flattened. Antennae formed by three segments, structures as in Paragon- gylopus (Paragongylopus) s. str. Thorax dorsoventrally flattened. Pronotum trapezoidal or square. Mesonotum wider than prono- tum. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened, with small pits. Seventh sternum lacking noticeable praeopercular organ. Anal segment gently constricted posteriorly, longer than ninth tergum. Sub- genital plate short, scoop-shaped and flattened, posterior apex not reaching middle area of anal segment. Cerci cylindrical and straight. Legs slender and long. Anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of femora and tibiae waved with indistinct elevations or lacking noticeable elevations. Distribution.—China (Yunnan) and Vietnam. Notes.—Currently three species are recognized from this newly es- tablished subgenus. Male and egg are unknown. Species included.— 1. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n. [Vietnam (Lao Cai)]. 2. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n. |China (Yunnan)]. 3. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. [China (Yunnan)|. Key to females of Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. 1 Metanotum wider than Me€SONOtUM .........e cece ee eeeeeceeseeeeecccececcceeeeaaaeesess Lah SU Men ise We Ae ee Rm Rieti Nin ty ANU RP P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n. Metanotum parallel to MeESONOtUM 1.0.0... eeceeeceeeteceesteeeteeeeseeeeees Z 2 Mesonotum rectangular.... P. (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. - Mesonotum squafe............... P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) G.W.C. HO Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n. http://zoobank.org/F5E7D9D7-E8F3-4AA0-BCDF-6D48B546FBBF Figs 5-6, 19-21 Type material.—Holotype 9, c. 1930-2000m a.s.l., 22°21'N, 103°46’E, Nr. Tram Ton station of Hoang Lien National Park, north slope of Phansipan Mt. Area, 6km W of Sa Pa, Lao Cai, Viet- nam, V.2010, A.V. Abramov, F3376.3 (MMUE). Diagnosis.—Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n. is similar to Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n., but can be distinguished by square mesonotum and distinct eleva- tions on legs. Description.—Female (Figs 5-6, 19-21): Small size. Body flattened and stout. General color of body and legs grayish brown. Head oval in dorsal view, dorsoventrally flattened, with minute pits. Vertex flat and unarmed. Occiput flat. Median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Compound eyes small and oval, its length about three times that of genae. Antennae short, with three distinct segments; scapus oval in dorsal view, more or less triangle-shaped in cross section, larger than compound eyes, about four times longer than pedicellus; pedicellus minute and indistinct, knob-like, smaller than compound eyes; third segment generally cylindrical, apices blunt, tapering basally, about three times longer than scapus, inner margin elevated medially, first half of inner margin with minute spine-like bristles. Thorax with minute pits. Pronotum trapezoidal, expanded posteriorly, wider than head; anterior margin weakly incurved, posterior margin trun- cate, anterolateral angles weakly tuberculate; transverse sulcus short, placed after middle area, longitudinal sulcus indistinct. Mesonotum square, as long as mesofemora; median longitudinal carina distinct. Metanotum rectangular, wider than pronotum, wider than long, par- allel to mesonotum, median longitudinal carina distinct. Abdomen flattened, tapering posteriorly. Distinctly carinate mediolongitudi- nally. Wrinkled and pitted, also with a very few small granules. Me- dian segment narrow, wider than long. Second and third tergites par- allel to mesonotum and metanotum, fourth tergum to anal segment not wider than second tergum. Seventh sternum lacking noticeable praeopercular organ. Eighth tergum longer than ninth tergum. Anal segment longer than ninth tergum, shorter than eighth tergum, me- dially constricted posteriorly, posterior margin with a small emar- gination. Supra-anal plate indistinct. Subgenital plate scoop-shaped, short, flattened, posterior margin pointed, reaching anterior margin of anal segment. Cerci flattened, straight, apices rounded and sur- passing posterior margin of anal segment. Legs slender and long. Sparsely covered with minute bristles. Femora as long as correspond- ing tibiae. Profemora incurved basally. Anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of femora and tibiae waved with indistinct elevations. Measurements.—(mm) Holotype 2, Body length: 25, head: 2.5, antennae: 2, pronotum: 2, mesonotum: 4, metanotum: 2, median segment: 1, profemora: 5, mesofemora: 4, metafemora: 5, proti- biae: 5, mesotibiae: 4, metatibiae: 5. Distribution.—Vietnam (Lao Cai). Notes.—The male is unknown. Etymology.—It is named in honor of Alexei V. Abramov (Russia) for his discovery of this new species. 199 Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n. http://zoobank.org/D9B82775-B9A2-4AFE-903B-B999075F67E3 Figs 7-8, 22-23 Type material.—Holotype 2, 1300-1400m, Fenshuiling, Jinping, Yunnan, China, 4.[X.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES); Para- type 12, 1300-1400m, Fenshuiling, Jinping, Yunnan, China, 4.1X.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES). Diagnosis.—Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n. is similar to Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n., but can be easily distinguished by granulated body, nearly square mesono- tum, rectangular metanotum and indistinct elevations on legs. Description. —Female (Figs 7-8, 22-23): Small size. Body flattened and stout. General color of body and legs brown. Head rounded in dorsal view, dorsoventrally flattened. Vertex flat and unarmed. Occiput flat. Median longitudinal furrow distinct. Compound eyes small and oval, its length about two times that of genae. An- tennae short, with three distinct segments; scapus oval in dorsal view, more or less triangle-shaped in cross section, larger than compound eyes, about three times longer than pedicellus; pedi- cellus minute and indistinct, knob-like, smaller than compound eyes; third segment generally cylindrical, apices blunt, tapering ba- sally, about three times longer than scapus, inner margin elevated medially, first half of inner margin with minute spine-like bristles. Thorax with inconspicuous granulations. Pronotum trapezoidal, expanded posteriorly, wider than head; anterior margin weakly incurved, posterior margin truncate, lateral margins thickened; transverse sulcus indistinct, longitudinal sulcus distinct. Mesono- tum nearly square, slightly expanded posteriorly, anterior margin almost as long as posterior margin, shorter than mesofemora; me- dian longitudinal carina distinct, with minute pits along lateral margins. Metanotum rectangular, wider than pronotum, wider than long, median longitudinal carina distinct, with minute pits along lateral margins. Abdomen flattened, tapering posteriorly. Distinctly carinate mediolongitudinally. Wrinkled, with minute pits along lateral margins, also with sparse granulations. Median segment narrow, wider than long. Second and third tergites wider than mesonotum, as wide as metanotum, fourth tergum to anal segment not wider than second tergum. Seventh sternum lacking noticeable praeopercular organ. Eighth tergum longer than ninth tergum. Anal segment as long as eighth tergum, constricted pos- teriorly, posterior margin rounded. Supra-anal plate indistinct. Subgenital plate scoop-shaped, short, flattened, posterior margin pointed, reaching anterior margin of anal segment. Cerci cylindri- cal, straight, apices rounded and surpassing posterior margin of anal segment. Legs slender and long. Densely covered with min- ute bristles. Femora roughly as long as corresponding tibiae. Pro- femora incurved basally. Anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroven- tral and posteroventral carinae of femora and tibiae waved with indistinct elevations. Measurements.—(mm) Holotype 2, Body length: 29, head: 3, an- tennae: 2.5, pronotum: 2, mesonotum: 4.5, metanotum: 3, me- dian segment: 1, profemora: 7, mesofemora: 4.5, metafemora: 6, protibiae: 7, mesotibiae: 4.5, metatibiae: 6. Paratype 2, Body length: 27, head: 3, antennae: 2.5, pronotum: 2, mesonotum: 4.5, metanotum: 3, median segment: 1, profemora: 6.5, mes- ofemora: 4.5, metafemora: 6, protibiae: 6.5, mesotibiae: 4.5, metatibiae: 6. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) 200 G.W.C. HO Habitats.—This species is found in the low level of evergreen broadleaf forests between 1300 and 1400 metres. Distribution.—China (Yunnan). Notes.—The male is unknown. No food plant eaten by the col- lected specimens was observed. No egg was collected and further material is necessary for understanding the relationship with oth- er species. Etymology.—This new species is named in honor of Professor Li Li-Zhen (Shanghai, China) for his contributions to Chinese en- tomology. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. http://zoobank.org/086D438B-1269-4754-990E-CD9295DB75E7 Figs 9-10, 24-25 Paragongylopus plaumanni Ho, 2014: 13. [misidentification | Type material.—Holotype 2, Nabanhe, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China, 10.VII.2003, Hu Jia-Yao and Tang Liang (SNUC). Diagnosis. —Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. is similar to Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n., but can be easily distinguished by non-granulated body, rectangular mesono- tum, square metanotum and lacking noticeable elevation on legs. Description.—Female (Figs 9-10, 24-25): Small size. Body flat- tened and slender. General color of body and legs rufous brown. Head rounded in dorsal view, dorsoventrally flattened. Vertex flat and unarmed. Occiput flat. Median longitudinal furrow distinct. Compound eyes small and oval, its length about two times that of genae. Antennae short, with three distinct segments; scapus oval in dorsal view, more or less triangle-shaped in cross section, larger than compound eyes, about four times longer than pedi- cellus; pedicellus minute and indistinct, knob-like, smaller than compound eyes; third segment generally cylindrical, apices blunt, tapering basally, about four times longer than scapus, inner mar- gin elevated medially, first half of inner margin with minute spine- Figs 7-8. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) lii subgen. n. and Figs 9-10. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sub- sp. n. 7. 2, body and legs, dorsal view; 8. 2, apex of abdomen, lateral view. gen. n. and sp. n. 9. 2, apex of abdomen, lateral view; 10. 2, apex of abdomen, dorsal view. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) G.W.C. HO 201 Figs 11-18. Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) s. str. spp. 11. P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n.: 2, habitus, lateral view; 12. P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n.: 2, habitus, dorsal view; 13. P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000: @, habitus, lateral view; 14. P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000: 2, habitus, dorsal view; 15. P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n.: 2, habitus, lateral view; 16. P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n.: 2, habitus, dorsal view; 17. P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n.: 2, head and thorax, dorso- lateral view; 18. P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n.: 2, head and thorax, dorsolateral view. like bristles. Thorax lacking granulation. Pronotum square, as long as and parallel to head, sparsely pitted; anterior margin weakly incurved, posterior margin truncate, lateral margins thickened; transverse and longitudinal sulci crossing at middle area. Mes- onotum rectangular, longer than wide, as long as mesofemora, sparsely pitted, median longitudinal carina distinct. Metanotum square, wider than pronotum, parallel to mesonotum, sparsely pitted, median longitudinal carina distinct. Abdomen flattened, tapering posteriorly. Distinctly carinate mediolongitudinally. With minute pits along lateral margins. Median segment narrow, wider than long. Second to sixth tergites parallel to mesonotum and metanotum, seventh tergum to anal segment tapering pos- teriorly. Seventh sternum lacking noticeable praeopercular organ. Eighth tergum longer than ninth tergum. Anal segment as long as ninth tergum, constricted posteriorly, posterior margin rounded. Supra-anal plate indistinct. Subgenital plate scoop-shaped, short, flattened, posterior margin rounded, reaching anterior margin of anal segment. Cerci cylindrical, straight, apices rounded and sur- passing posterior margin of anal segment. Legs slender and long. Sparsely covered with minute bristles. Femora roughly as long as corresponding tibiae. Profemora incurved basally. Anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of femora and tibiae lacking elevation. Measurements.—(mm) Holotype 2, Body length: 20, head: 2, an- tennae: 2, pronotum: 1.5, mesonotum: 5, metanotum: 3, median segment: 1, profemora: 7, mesofemora: 4.5, metafemora: 6, proti- biae: 7, mesotibiae: 5, metatibiae: 6. Distribution.—China (Yunnan). Notes.—The male is unknown. This species is the smallest phas- mid in China. Etymology.—This new species is named after the type locality, Na- banhe (Yunnan, China). Discussion The genus Paragongylopus Chen & He, 1997 has been placed in Pachymorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 based on the oo- taxonomic characters of the oblong egg capsule and smooth ven- tral surface of the capsule, which show a close relationship with Macellina Uvarov, 1940 (Ho 2014). Paragongylopus is characterized by small body size and uniquely structured, three-segmented an- tennae that readily make it morphologically distinguishable from all other genera in the Phasmatodea (Zompro 2000, Chen and He JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) 202 G.W.C. HO me >? mim Figs 19-25. Paragongylopus (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. spp. 19. P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n.: 2, habitus, lateral view; 20. P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n.: 2, habitus, dorsal view; 21. P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n.: 9, head and thorax, dorsolateral view; 22. P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n.: 2, head and thorax, dorsolateral view; 23. P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n.: °, habitus, lateral view; 24. P. (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n.: 2°, habitus, lateral view; 25. P. (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n.: 2, habitus, dorsal view. 2008, Ho 2014). The uniquely structured, synapomorphic anten- nae may have unknown functions. Further study, especially on the ultrastructural characterization of the antennal sensillae, is needed to understand the function of Paragongylopus’s sense organ. Paragongylopus currently contains two subgenera, six species and two subspecies (Table 1). They are P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n., P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000, P. (Paragon- gylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n., P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis Chen & He, 1997s. str., P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii subgen. n. and sp. n., P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n., and P. (Plan- oparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. Ho (2014: 13) reported the occurrence of P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni in China based on a female specimen which was collected from Nabanhe in Xishuang- banna, Yunnan, China. However, the female is characterised by flattened thorax and abdomen and is a distinct species, P. (Plano- paragongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n., described in this study. Anoth- JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2017, 26(2) G.W.C. HO 203 Table 1. Distribution of Paragongylopus (Paragongylopus) Chen & He, 1997 s. str. and P. (Planoparagongylopus) subgen. n. Species Guangxi P. (Paragongylopus) cheni sp. n. P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni Zompro, 2000 P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbianensis subsp. n. P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis sinensis Chen & He, 1997 s. str. v P. (Planoparagongylopus) abramovi sp. n. P. (Planoparagongylopus) lii sp. n. P. (Planoparagongylopus) nabanheensis sp. n. er female specimen, which was collected from Menglun in Xish- uangbanna, Yunnan, shows cylindrical body and unarmed legs that perfectly match with P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni. Therefore, the occurrence of P. (Paragongylopus) plaumanni is reconfirmed in China. In addition, the males of P. (Paragongylopus) sinensis pingbi- anensis subsp. n. and three newly described taxa of P. (Planopara- gongylopus) subgen. n. are unknown. Further material, especially corresponding male and eggs produced by female, are needed to evaluate their taxonomic relationship with other taxa. Based on the current knowledge, all six species are geographi- cally restricted to southwestern China, northern Vietnam and northern Thailand. The discovery of P. (Planoparagongylopus) abra- movi sp. n. represents the first record of Paragongylopus from Viet- nam. Further collecting trips to various localities in China, Thai- land and Vietnam and even adjacent countries in the Indochinese area such as Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos may discover more taxa for this special phasmid genus in the Oriental region. Acknowledgements I wish to deeply thank Bi Wen-Xuan (Shanghai, China), Hu Jia-Yao (Shanghai, China), Song Xiao-Bin (Shanghai, China) and Wang Peng (Yunnan, China) for their kind assistance and friend- ship during the collecting trip in Guangxi and Yunnan, China; Dr. Dmitri Logunov (Manchester Museum, The University of Manches- ter, U.K.) for taking specimen photos and arranging loan of speci- mens; Dr. Li Li-Zhen and Dr. Tang Liang (Shanghai Normal Uni- versity, Shanghai, China), Dr. Kyle Tomlinson, Dr. Aki Nakamura, Mr. Huang Shu-Yin and Mr. Lu Yun (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China), Mr. Yu Zhi-Yong (Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China) and Miss Li Chun-Wen (Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China) for their kind assistance; Dr. Matan Shelomi (National Tai- wan University, Taiwan) for proofreading the manuscript; staff of Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China and Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, Yun- nan, China for their kind help; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences, Beijing, China for giving access to the correspond- ing collection; Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China and Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester, U.K. for loan of specimens; and the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. 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