Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e60929 OO) doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e60929 open access Data Paper Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Ana | Azevedo Neto, Manuela |. Parente§, lan Tittley!, Robert L. Fletcher, William Farnham!, Ana C. Costa$, Andrea Z. Botelho$, Sandra Monteiro$, Roberto Resendes*, Pedro Afonso’, Afonso C.L. Prestest, Nuno V. Alvaro‘, David Mila-Figueras”, Raul M. A. Neto”, José M. N. Azevedot, Ignacio Moreut + cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciéncias e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Acores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal § CIBIO, Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratério Associado, Pélo dos Acores, Universidade dos Acores, Faculdade de Ciéncias e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal | Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, Code SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 4 Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Eastney, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, United Kingdom # Faculdade de Ciéncias e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Acores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal a IMAR/Okeanos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Acores, Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Acores, Portugal « CCMMG (Centro do Clima Meteorologia e Mudangas Globais) & IITA-A (Instituto de Investigagao e Tecnologias Agrarias e do Ambiente), Universidade dos Acores, Faculdade de Ciéncias Agrarias, Rua Capitao Jodo d’Avila — Pico da Urze, 9700-042 Angra do Heroismo, Acores, Portugal » NA, NA, Portugal Corresponding author: Ana | Azevedo Neto (ana.im.neto@uac.pt) Academic editor: Anne Thessen Received: 19 Nov 2020 | Accepted: 23 Dec 2020 | Published: 03 Feb 2021 Citation: Neto AIA, Parente MI, Tittley |, Fletcher RL, Farnham W, Costa AC, Botelho AZ, Monteiro S, Resendes R, Afonso P, Prestes AC.L, Alvaro NV, Mila-Figueras D, Neto RMA, Azevedo JMN, Moreu | (2021) Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e60929. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e60929 Abstract Background The algal flora of the western group of the Azores archipelago (Islands of Flores and Corvo) has attracted the interest of many researchers on numerous past occasions (Such © Neto A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Neto A et al as Drouet 1866, Trelease 1897, Gain 1914, Schmidt 1929, Schmidt 1931, Azevedo et al. 1990, Fralick and Hehre 1990, Neto and Azevedo 1990, Neto and Baldwin 1990, Neto 1996, Neto 1997, Neto 1999, Tittley and Neto 1996, Tittley and Neto 2000, Tittley and Neto 2005, Tittley and Neto 2006, Azevedo 1998, Azevedo 1999, Tittley et al. 1998, Dionisio et al. 2008, Neto et al. 2008). Despite this interest, the macroalgal flora of the Islands cannot be described as well-known with the published information reflecting limited collections preformed in short-term visits by scientists. To overcome this, a thorough investigation, encompassing collections and presence data recording, has been undertaken for both the littoral and sublittoral regions, down to a depth of approximately 40 m, covering a relatively large area on both Islands (approximately 143 km? for Flores and 17 km? for Corvo). This paper lists the resultant taxonomic records and provides information on species ecology and occurrence around both these Islands, thereby improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at both local and regional scales. New information For the Island of Flores, a total of 1687 specimens (including some taxa identified only to genus level) belonging to 196 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 120 Rhodophyta, 35 Chlorophyta and 41 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these taxa, 128 were identified to species level (80 Rhodophyta, 22 Chlorophyta and 26 Ochrophyta), encompassing 37 new records for the Island (20 Rhodophyta, 6 Chlorophyta and 11 Ochrophyta); two Macaronesian endemics (Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodriguez & Haroun and Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico); six introduced (the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata Harvey, Neoizziella divaricata (C.K.Tseng) S.-M.Lin, S.- Y.Yang & Huisman and Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg; the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot; and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiahez & M.J.Wynne and Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki); and 14 species of uncertain status (10 Rhodophyta, two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta). For the Island of Corvo, a total of 390 specimens distributed in 56 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 30 Rhodophyta, nine Chlorophyta and 17 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Whilst a number of taxa were identified only to the genus level, 43 were identified to species level (22 Rhodophyta, eight Chlorophyta and 13 Ochrophyta), comprising 22 new records for the Island (nine Rhodophyta, four Chlorophyta and nine Ochrophyta), two introduced species (the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata and the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile and seven species of uncertain status (five Rhodophyta and two Ochrophyta). Keywords Macroalgae, Azores, Corvo Island, Flores Island, new records, endemism, native, uncertain, introduced, occurrence data. Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 3 Introduction The Azorean algal flora, considered cosmopolitan, with species shared with Macaronesia, North Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Europe and America (Tittley 2003, Tittley and Neto 2006, Wallenstein et al. 2009), is relatively rich when compared to that of other remote oceanic Islands (Neto et al. 2005, Tittley and Neto 2005, Wallenstein et al. 2009). Around 400 species of marine macroalgae have, to date, been recorded for the isolated mid-Atlantic Azores archipelago (Freitas et al. 2019). These authors, based on extensive analysis encompassing data on brachyurans, polychaetes, gastropods, echinoderms, coastal fishes and macroalgae, suggested that the Azores should be a biogeographical entity of its own and proposed a redefinition of the Lusitanian biogeographical province, in which they recognised four ecoregions: the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores ecoregion and a new ecoregion herein named Webbnesia, which comprises the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvagens and the Canary Islands. In their paper comparing the Azorean algal flora to that of the new Webbnesia region, they reported that the Canary Islands, with 689 species of marine macroalgae, are by far the most diverse archipelago, followed by the Azores (405), Madeira (396) and Cabo Verde (333). The Selvagens are the least diverse one (295 species). It is worth mentioning that the published information reflects data from only a few of the nine Azorean Islands, since not all of them have been adequately investigated. In the Azores archipelago, Sao Miguel is by far the Island with the largest amount of research dedicated to the study of its algal flora. The total number of algal species is, at the moment, 260, a number that is likely to increase due to ongoing research by authors of the present paper. Most of the remaining Islands have received less attention. To overcome this and improve the understanding of the archipelago’s macroalgal flora, research has been conducted over the past three decades on all the Islands. Data on the Islands of Pico, Graciosa and Terceira is already available on the recently-published papers (Neto et al. 2020a, Neto et al. 2020b, Neto et al. 2020c). Table 1 summarises the currently-available information. Table 1. Number of macroalgal species on the Azorean Islands (Neto et al. 2020b, Neto et al. 2020c, Neto et al. 2020d and authors' unpublished data). Phyllum Santa Maria Sao Miguel Terceira Graciosa SaoJorge Pico Faial Flores Corvo Rhodophyta 68 168 73 126 35 142 59 59 13 Chlorophyta 20 39 24 31 17 41 16 16 2 Ochrophyta 28 53 16 38 10 42 8 16 4 Total 116 260 113 195 62 225 83 91 19 To provide a better understanding of the archipelago’s seaweed flora, a long term research programme of study has been undertaken, mainly by local investigators into the marine macroalgae flora on several of the less studied Azorean Islands. The present paper presents both physical and occurrence data and information gathered from surveys 4 Neto A et al undertaken on Flores and Corvo Islands mainly by the Island Aquatic Research Group of the Azorean’ Biodiversity Centre of the University of the Azores _ (Link: https://ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/sub-team/island-aquatic-ecology), the BIOISLE, Biodiversity and Islands Research Group of CIBIO-Acores at the University of the Azores (Link: https://cibio.up.pt/research-groups-1/details/bioisle) and the OKEANOS Centre of the University of the Azores (Link: http:/www.okeanos.uac.pt). In these surveys, particular attention was given to the small filamentous and thin sheet-like species that are often short-lived and fast-growing and usually very difficult to identify in the wild, without the aid of a microscope and specialised literature in the laboratory. The present paper aims to provide a valuable marine biological tool for research on systematics, diversity and conservation, biological monitoring, climate change and ecology for academics, students, government, private organisations and the general public. General description Purpose: In this paper, we present taxonomic records of macroalgae recorded from the Islands of Flores and Corvo and provide general information on their occurrence and distribution. By doing this, we are contributing to address several biodiversity shortfalls (see Cardoso et al. 2011, Hortal et al. 2015), namely, the need to catalogue the Azorean macroalgae (Linnean shortfall) and improve the current information on their local and regional geographic distribution (Wallacean shortfall), as well as on species abundance and dynamics in space (Prestonian shortfall). Project description Title: Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores. Personnel: Collections were made and occurrence data recorded over several years (1989 - 2018). Main collectors were Ana Cristina Costa, Ana | Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, Carolina Arruda, Claudia Hipolito, Cristiana Figueiredo, David Milla-Figueras, Heather Baldwin, Inés Neto, Joana Michael, José M. N. Azevedo, lan Tittley, Manuela |. Parente, Marco Henrique, Maria Ana Dionisio, Maria Ventura, Nuno Vaz Alvaro, Patricia Madeira, Pedro Cerqueira, Raul Neto, Rita Grilo, Rita Norberto, Robert Fletcher, Sandra Monteiro and William Farnham. Preliminary in situ identifications were carried out by: Ana Cristina Costa, Ana | Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, David Milla-Figueras, Heather Baldwin, lan Tittley, Manuela |. Parente, Maria Ventura, Rita Grilo, Robert Fletcher and William Farnham. Ana |. Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, David Milla-Figueras, lan Tittley, Manuela |. Parente, Robert Fletcher and William Farnham were responsible for the final species identification. Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 5 Voucher specimen management was mainly undertaken by Afonso Prestes, Ana |. Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, David Milla-Figueras, Eunice Nogueira, Manuela |. Parente, Natalia Cabral and Roberto Resendes. Study area description: The Azores archipelago (38°43'49"N, 27°19'10"W, Fig. 1), comprising nine Islands and several islets, is spread over 500 km, in a WNW direction. The Islands emerged from what is called the Azores Plateau and are located above an active triple junction between three of the world's largest tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, Hildenbrand et al. 2018). Flores and Corvo (in black in Fig. 1), the westernmost Islands of the archipelago, are located in the North American Plate, whereas the remaining Islands are located around the boundary that divides the Eurasian and African Plates (Hildenbrand et al. 2018). 31°0'0"W 30°0'0"W 29°0'0"W 28°0'0"W 27°0'0"W _ 26°0'0"W 25°0'0"W 40°0'0"N 40°0'0"N 39°0'0"N 39°0'0"N 38°0'0"N 38°0'0"N 37°0'0"N 37°0'0"N Figure 1. EES The Azores, its location in the Atlantic and Flores and Corvo Islands highlighted in black (by Nuno V. Alvaro). The Islands of Flores and Corvo are sub-aerial domains of a large volcanic formation, mostly submarine, implanted on an oceanic crust and aged between 9.0 and 10.0 million years (Ma). Each of these Islands has unique geomorphological characteristics: Flores (39°31'27"N, -31°15'31"W, Fig. 2), of approximately 141 km2, is composed of two units, the central massif located in the central plain and the coastal periphery; Corvo, its neighbour (39°43'37'N, -31°7'44"W, Fig. 3), of approximately 17 km, is a crater of a major Plinian eruption and the smallest Island of the Azores archipelago (Azevedo 1999). The climate, as in the remaining Islands, is characterised by regular and abundant rainfall, high levels of 6 Neto A et al relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons (Morton et al. 1998). Fog is common and almost permanent at the higher elevations. 31°25'0"W 31°20'0"W 31°15'0"W 31°10'0"W 39°28'0"N 39°28'0"N Sites *) Float ® Intertidal @ Subtidal 39°24'0"N 39°24'0"N Figure 2. EES Flores Island showing the sampling locations (by Nuno V. Alvaro). 31°12'0"W 31°9'0"W 31°6'0"W 39°42'0"N 39°42'0"N 39°40'0"N 39°40'0"N Figure 3. EES Corvo Island showing the sampling locations (by Nuno V. Alvaro). Marine action is responsible for the predominance of erosive morphologies in the coastal areas of both Islands, examples of which on Flores (Neto et al. 2008) are: the valleys associated with fluvial erosion (Vales das Lajes and da Fazenda); the coastal or back cliffs (Fajazinha - Ponta da Faja); the large marine abrasion platforms (Fajazinnha - Faja Grande); and the coastal platforms associated with landslides and collapses (Ponta da Faja). Owing to the lack of a continental shelf that characterises most volcanic Islands, coastal extension is restricted and deep waters occur within a few kilometres offshore. The tidal Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 7 range is small (< 2 m, Hidrogrografico 1981) and coasts are subjected to swell and surge for most of the year. The Islands’ coastline, approximately 72.209 km long on Flores and 19.045 km long on Corvo, is predominantly rocky, subject to strong maritime erosion and presents an irregular slope with extensive and high cliffs cut by waterfalls and streams, alternating with a complex system of bays, rocky beaches and natural terraces (Azevedo 1999). The bottom is mostly made up of irregular rocky bedrock, containing, in some places, pockets of sediment of coarse sand and gravel, alternating with places covered by blocks that rest on either the rocky bed or the sediment. Submerged or semi-submerged caves, arches and tunnels of small amplitude and reduced length are common. As depth increases, the slope decreases, although the bottom is still rocky and uneven. This feature is interrupted by valleys and other structures of smooth to rough relief. The sediment floor in the deepest areas is stable, generally composed of medium and/or coarse sand. From this floor arise small islets with normally vertical walls and low irregular crowns, marked by ridges and valleys (Neto et al. 2008). Along the coastline and islets, natural sheltered habitats (arches and semi-submerged caves, tide pools) create favourable conditions for the growth of juveniles and adults of coastal fish. The constant recycling of nutrients caused by the wave-exposed coasts of these Islands, provides suitable conditions for the occurrence of considerable diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates and pelagic and benthic fish (Neto et al. 2008). At the foot of the cliffs, the rocky intertidal zone is, as elsewhere in the Azores, dominated by algal communities that form mosaic and/or horizontal bands relative to tide level and are made up of multispecific algal turfs (growth forms of either diminutive algae or diminutive forms of larger species) that carpet the rocks. In the intertidal, a distinct zonation pattern is evident. The higher zone, dominated by invertebrates (littorinids and chthamalid barnacles, Fig. 4), gives rise below to a mid-shore zone covered by algal turfs that create a dense, compact mat 20-30 mm in thickness, Fig. 5). The turf can be monospecific (of either Cau/acanthus ustulatus (Turner) Kutzing, Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne or Gymnogongrus) or multispecific and composed by soft algae (e.g. Centroceras clavulatum, Ceramium and Chondracanthus) usually growing as epiphytes over articulate calcareous forms (e.g. Ellisolandia and Jania). The low-shore zone is mainly dominated by calcareous crusts (first/basal strata), covered by corticated macrophytes, for example, Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders (Fig. 6) and Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand (Fig. 7) and, in more exposed locations, Jenarea tortuosa (Esper) Me Lemoine (Neto et al. 2008). Seasonally and mainly in spring and summer, the introduced red alga Asparagopsis armata occurs often abundantly at this lower intertidal level. Important features and habitats at this shore level are rock pools, occurring in different shapes and sizes and often recreating a shallow subtidal habitat, which contains a rich diversity of marine life. A few shores consist of irregularly rounded boulders or cobbles between which coarse sand or gravel may be retained. Sandy shores are rare (Neto, pers. observ.). The rocky bottoms in the submerged zone are covered by more frondose macrophytes, such as Pterocladiella capillacea, Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kutzing, Dictyota spp. or Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne (Fig. 8). At this level, the edible barnacles Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916) and/or the limpets Patella aspera 8 Neto A et al Rdding, 1798 are concentrated in the first few metres, while the slipper lobsters Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803) or the spiny lobsters Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) are found at greater depths. Several species of fish, such as the blue wrasse Symphodus caeruleus (Azevedo, 1999) or the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758), are particularly frequent in shallow rocky areas, whereas other fish take shelter in crevices during the day, such as the morays, Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758 or the forkbeards Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Still other species roam amongst rocky reefs, such as the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), the salemas Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) and the white sea bream Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758). In the numerous sea caves around Flores and Corvo, the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) occurs with an unknown frequency in most of the other Islands (Neto et al. 2008). Figure 4. EES] Chthamalid barnacles and littorinids, characteristic species of the Azorean high intertidal level (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). Figure 5. EES Algal turfs at the low-shore intertidal level (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c- ABG). Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 9 Figure 6. EES] The calcareous frondose alga Ellisolandia elongata at the low intertidal level (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). Figure 7. EES The red agarophyte Pterocladiella capillacea, a common species at the low intertidal level (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). In 2007, both Flores and Corvo Islands were recognised by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve and thus integrated into the programme “The Man and the Biosphere’. The programme focuses on the ecological, social and economic dimensions of biodiversity loss and uses the World Network of Biosphere Reserves as a vehicle for knowledge sharing, research and monitoring, education and training and participatory decision-making with local communities. The proposed area for the Biosphere Reserve includes the entire emerged land area of the Islands and a surrounding marine zone, covering a total area of 58,619 hectares in Flores and 25,853 hectares in Corvo and incorporating an important diversity of habitats of regional, national and international importance, which includes, for example, areas integrated in the Natura 2000 Network. The inclusion of a vast marine area promotes explicitly, along with conservation, an integrated management practice between terrestrial, coastal and marine environments (Neto et al. 2008). 10 > Figure 8. EES Neto A et al The frondose brown macrophyte Zonaria tournefortii at the subtidal level (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). Design description: The algae referred to in this paper were collected during field surveys from both the littoral and sublittoral regions down to approximately 40 m on the Islands of Flores and Corvo. Each sampling location was visited several times. On each occasion, a careful and extensive survey was undertaken to provide good coverage of the area. Both presence recording and physical collections were made by walking over the shores or by SCUBA diving. The specimens collected were taken to the laboratory for identification and preservation and the resulting vouchers were deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores. Funding: This study was mainly financed by the following projects/scientific expeditions: ° Projects: ° IASTFC- “Impact Assessment Study for the construction of the Transport Infrastructures of the Islands of Flores and Corvo, Azores - natural environment’, funded by the Azores Regional Government - Regional Secretariat for Tourism and Environment / Regional Environment Directorate, 1990; LFFC- “Littoral flora of the islands of Flores and Corvo: Inventory, ecology and biogeographic affinities’, Government of the Azores - Regional Secretariat for Tourism and Environment / Regional Environment Directorate (GRA-SRTA / DRA), 1995-1999; Project Flores- Biosphere - “Application of Flores Island to a Biosphere Reserve”. Government of the Azores - Regional Secretariat for the Environment and the Sea (GRA-SRAM). 2007-2008; Project MOST - “Application of a model of sustainable tourism to areas of Natura 2000 network in the Azores” (PTDC / AAC-AMB / 104714/2008). Foundation for Science and Technology and the Government of the Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 11 Azores - Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (GRA / SRMCT-DRAM), 2010 - 2013; Project PIMA — “Elaboration of the implementation program of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Marine Invasion Program in the Azores’ (3 / DRAM /2015). Government of the Azores - Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (GRA / SRMCT-DRAM), 2015; Project BALA — “Elaboration of the implementation program of the marine strategy framework directive - biodiversity of the coastal environments of the Azores” (2 /DRAM /2015). Government of the Azores - Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (GRA / SRMCT-DRAM), 2015; Project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072 - AZORES BIOPORTAL —- PORBIOTA. Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds); ° Scientific Expeditions and campaigns: ° ° oO “FLORES/89”, organised by the Biology Department of the University of the Azores, Flores Island, Azores, July 1989; “Earthwatch FLORES/95”, a joint organisation of the Marine Biology Section of the Biology Department of the University of the Azores and the Natural History Museum (London), co-funded by the Earthwatch International and developed under the project LFFC, July — August 1995; “FLORES & CORVO/99”, developed under the project LFFC, July 1999; “FLORES & CORVO/2007”, XIII Scientific Expedition of the Biology Department of the University of the Azores, Islands of Flores and Corvo, July 2007; “MOST”, under the project MOST, 2011-2013; “PIMA/BALA’”, under the projects PIMA and BALA, 2015; ° Other funds: ° Portuguese National Funds, through FCT— Fundagao para a Ciéncia e a Tecnologia, within the projects UID/BIA/00329/2013, 2015-2019, UID/BIA/ 00329/2020-2023 and UID/BIA/50027/2019 and POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006821; ERDF funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE; Portuguese Regional Funds, through DRCT - Regional Directorate for Science and Technology, within several projects, 2019 and 2020 and SRMCT / DRAM - Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs; CIRN/DB/UAc (Research Centre for Natural Resources, Universidade dos Agores, Departamento de Biologia); CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto, Portugal). 12 Sampling methods Neto A et al Study extent: This study covers a relatively large area, of approximately 143 km? on Flores and 17 km? on Corvo, covering littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m around the Islands (Tables 2, 3, Figs 2, 3). Table 2. Information and location of the sampling sites on Flores Island. Location —_ Location ID No 1 FLO_bris 2 FLO_L_FGem 3 FLO_L_FGprb 4 FLO_L_FGprem 5 FLO_L_FGpvb 6 FLO_L_FGpvb 7 FLO_L_FGpve 8 FLO_L_FGpvem 9 FLO_L_Ls 10 FLO_L_Lnt 11 FLO_L_Lapem 12 FLO_L_Laps 13 FLO_L_Lem Municipality Locality Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Baixa Rasa do Ilhéu Faja Grande | Entre-marés Faja Grande | Porto de Recreio | Baia Faja Grande | Porto de Recreio | Entre-marés Faja Grande | Porto Velho | Baia Faja Grande | Porto Velho | Baia Faja Grande | Porto Velho | Enseada Faja Grande | Porto Velho | Entre- mares Lajedo Lajedo | Nascente termal Lajes | Atras do Porto | Entre- mares Lajes | Atras do Porto | Subtidal Lajes | Entre-marés Latitude / Longitude 39,495215; -31,274644 39,453485; -31,267758 39,460831; -31,261651 39,459356; -31,261244 39,456795; -31,268607 39,458818; -31,264851 39,459471; -31,264743 39,458818; -31,264851 39,392978; -31,259311 39,393021; -31,258356 39,377324; -31,169366 39,372111; -31,17103 39,376978; -31,171336 Littoral zone Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Location No 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Location ID FLO_L_Flvs FLO_L_Fpls FLO_L_Ms FLO_L_Lp FLO_SC_CAb FLO_SC_CAem FLO_SC_PDapem FLO_SC_PDaps FLO_SC_PDpem FLO_SC_PDpes FLO_SC_PDpos FLO_SC_PDFAs FLO_SC_SCaps FLO_SC_SCapvem FLO_SC_SCapvem FLO_SC_SCbvs FLO_SC_SCbpds Municipality Lajes Lajes Lajes Lajes Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Locality Lajes | Faja de Lopo Vaz Lajes | Fazenda | Porto da Lomba Lajes | Mosteiro Lajes | Porto Cedros | Alagoa | Baia Cedros | Alagoa | Entre-marés Ponta Delgada | Atras do Porto | Entre-marés Ponta Delgada | Atras do Porto | Subtidal Ponta Delgada | Porto | Entre- marés Ponta Delgada | Porto | Este Ponta Delgada | Porto | Oeste Farol de Albernaz Santa Cruz | Atras do porto Santa Cruz | Atras do porto velho Santa Cruz | Atras do porto velho | Entre-marés Santa Cruz | Baixa vermelha Santa Cruz | Baixas de Ponta Delgada Latitude / Longitude 39,372801; -31,208518 39,399797; -31,150731 39,413261; -31,260714 39,379015; -31,167686 39,474441; -31,144853 39,474473; -31,148271 39,519728; -31,206613 39,519568; -31,206579 39,519473; -31,208125 39,519017; -31,206235 39,520223; -31,205269 39,520461; -31,238744 39,452411; -31,125155 39,454593; -31,124608 39,454593; -31,124608 39,46859; -31,135821 39,526318; -31,206453 Littoral zone Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Intertidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Intertidal Intertidal Subtidal Subtidal 14 Location No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Location ID FLO_SC_SCfs FLO_SC_SCiars FLO_SC_SCigs FLO_SC_SCias FLO_SC_SCifs FLO_SC_SCimvs FLO_SC_SCipas FLO_SC_SCpiem FLO_SC_SCpcs FLO_SC_SCpis FLO_SC_SCpros FLO_SC_SCpbbd FLO_SC_SCpbbs1 FLO_SC_SCpbbs2 FLO_SC_SCpbbb FLO_SC_SCpbem1 FLO_SC_SCpbem2 Municipality Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Neto A et al Locality Santa Cruz | Fazenda Santa Cruz | Ilhéu de Alvaro Rodrigues Santa Cruz | llhéu do Garajau Santa Cruz | llhéu dos Abrées Santa Cruz | llhéu Francisco Santa Cruz | llhéu Maria Vaz Santa Cruz | llhéu Pao de Acucar Santa Cruz | Piscinas | Entre- mares Santa Cruz | Ponta da Caveira Santa Cruz | Ponta do lhéu Santa Cruz | Ponta Ruiva | Oeste Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Baia | Deep Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Baia | Shallow 1 Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Baia | Shallow 2 Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Boia flutuante Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Entre-marés 1 Santa Cruz | Porto da Baleia | Entre-marés 2 Latitude / Longitude 39,469496; -31,139423 39,488436; -31,148651 39,48444; -31,145556 39,504518; -31,187712 39,523814; -31,214148 39,505833; -31,245 39,500367; -31,170582 39,458842; -31,124608 39,424187; -31,145587 39,509661; -31,19527 39,495572; -31,152406 39,463387; -31,127258 39,463035; -31,128021 39,463731; -31,12752 39,463035; -31,128021 39,463518; -31,128256 39,463686; -31,128523 Littoral zone Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Boia Intertidal Intertidal Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Location — Location ID Municipality Locality No 48 FLO_SC_SCpvs Santa Cruz Santa Cruz | Porto velho | Shallow Table 3. Information and location of the sampling sites on Corvo Island. Location Location ID Municipality Locality / Latitude No 1 COR_VC_VCaaem Vila do Vila do Corvo | Atras do aeroporto Corvo 2 COR_VC_VCms Vila do Vila do Corvo | Moldinho Corvo 3 COR_VC_VCps Vila do Vila do Corvo | Pesqueiro Corvo 4 COR_VC_VCps Vila do Vila do Corvo | Pesqueiro Corvo 5 COR_VC_VCpas__ Vila do Vila do Corvo | Portinho da Areia Corvo 6 COR_VC_VCpem __ Vila do Vila do Corvo | Porto da Casa | Corvo Entre-marés 7 COR_VC_VCps Vila do Vila do Corvo | Porto da Casa | Corvo Subtidal 8 COR_VC_VCpbem Vila do Vila do Corvo | Porto do Corvo Boqueirdo | Entre-marés 9 COR_VC_VCpbs_ Vila do Vila do Corvo | Porto do Corvo Boqueirao | Subtidal Latitude / Longitude 39,454305; -31,12449 Longitude 39,670289; -31,115366 39,668742; -31,120615 39,669127; -31,113446 39,669127; -31,113446 39,672838; -31,123437 39,671968; -31,110846 39,672729; -31,109214 39,669523; -31,112739 39,668229; -31,112482 Littoral zone Subtidal Littoral zone Intertidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal Intertidal Subtidal 15 Sampling description: Intertidal collections were made during low tide by walking over the shores. Subtidal collections were made by SCUBA diving around the area. Sampling involved specimen collecting and species presence recording. For the former, at each location, samples were obtained by scraping from the surface one or two specimens of all the observed species and then placing them into labelled bags (Fig. 9). Species recording locations data was gathered by registering all species present in the sampled visited (Fig. 10). Quality control: Each sampled taxon was identified by trained taxonomists and involved morphological and anatomical observations of whole specimens by eye and/or of 16 Neto A et al histological preparations under microscopes to determine the main diagnostic features of each species, as described in literature. Step description: Specimens were sorted and studied in the laboratory, following standard procedures used in macroalgae identification. Species identification was usually based on a combination of morphological, anatomical and reproductive features. For small and simple thalli, this required observing the entire thallus with the unaided eye and/or using dissecting and compound microscopes. For larger and more complex algae, investigation of the thallus anatomy required histological procedures (longitudinal and transverse sections) or squashed preparations of mucilaginous thalli, sometimes after staining, to observe vegetative and reproductive structures and other diagnostic features. Figure 9. EES] Collecting macroalgae at the rocky intertidal (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c- ABG). The mixed nature of the Azorean algal flora with components from several geographical regions cause difficulties in species identification. Floras and keys for the North Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic and Western Mediterranean were used (e.g. Schmidt 1931, Taylor 1967, Taylor 1978, Levring 1974, Dixon and Irvine 1977, Lawson and John 1982, Irvine 1983, Gayral and Cosson 1986, Fletcher 1987, Afonso-Carrillo and Sanson 1989, Burrows 1991, Boudouresque et al. 1992, Cabioc'h et al. 1992, Maggs and Hommersand 1993, Irvine and Chamberlain 1994, Brodie et al. 2007, Lloréns et al. 2012, Rodriguez-Prieto et al. 2013). For more critical and taxonomically-difficult taxa, specimens were taken to the Natural History Museum (London) for comparison with collections there. A reference collection was made for all collected specimens by assigning them a herbarium code number and depositing them at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the Molecular Systematics Laboratory, University of Azores. Depending on the species and on planned further research, different types of collections were made, namely (i) liquid Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 17 collections using 5% buffered formaldehyde seawater and then replacing it by the fixing agent Kew (Bridsen and Forman 1999); (ii) dried collections, either by pressing the algae (most species) as described by Gayral and Cosson (1986) or by letting them air dry (calcareous species); and (iii) silica gel collections for molecular studies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic status used here follow Algaebase (Guiry and Guiry 2020). The database was organised on FileMaker Pro. Figure 10. EEN Quantitative recording of the presence and coverage of macroalgal species at the subtidal rocky habitat (by the Island Aquatic Ecology Subgroup of cE3c-ABG). Geographic coverage Description: Flores Island Description: Azores, Portugal (approximately 39°31'27"N, -31°15'31"W); Coordinates: 39.524201 and 39.37521 Latitude; -31.258622 and -31.124496 Longitude. Corvo Island Description: Azores, Portugal (approximately 39°43'37"N, -31°7'44"W). Coordinates: 39.726829 and 39.669576 Latitude; -31.12899 and -31.082546 Longitude. Taxonomic coverage Description: All macroalgae were identified to genus or species level. For Flores, a total of 196 taxa were identified belonging to 24 orders and 54 families, distributed in the phyla Rhodophyta (14 orders and 33 families), Chlorophyta (three orders and nine families) and Ochrophyta (seven orders and 12 families). For Corvo, a total of 56 taxa were identified belonging to 16 orders and 29 families, distributed in the phyla Rhodophyta (seven orders 18 Neto A et al and 16 families), Chlorophyta (three orders and four families) and Ochrophyta (six orders and nine families). Temporal coverage Notes: The sampling was performed on several occasions between 1989 and 2018. Collection data Collection name: AZB | Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Expedition Flores/89; AZB | Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Expedition Earthwatch Flores/95; AZB | Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Expedition Flores & Corvo/99; Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Expedition Flores & Corvo/2007; AZB | Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Occasional sampling; AZB | Marine macroalgae collection of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Occasional sampling; Marine macroalgae occurrence of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Expedition Flores & Corvo/99; Marine macroalgae occurrence of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)- Project MOST; Marine macroalgae occurrence of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)- Campaign PIMA/BALA; Marine macroalgae occurrence of Flores and Corvo Islands (Azores)-Occasional sampling. Collection identifier: 33967202-6b10-4182-99d2-621d594572cc; cd4c8dd8-49f7-4318-9b3d-c78aaec53c2d; 93772fb0-339a-4081-b742-a101ca66c019; a/ca4500-9608-44eb-9269-528a40264071; 1a7a0a41-5a5c-460c-81 5d-0c3503a5a2ea; cfc9d276-6d4e-4cc3-8f40-be9c3e5ba6e9; 434097ea-bac3-49ac-9f5a-3aa9b6c10503; db4e55cc-1401-4b1c-9343-fc2a3e27e473; 29ca7edc-3911-4c59-9722-c9aba69ca506; 153bd328-1e16-4e9e-8dc8-56994c25fb31. Parent collection identifier: AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; Expedition Flores & Corvo/2007 Macroalgae collection, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores; Not applicable; Not applicable; Not applicable; Not applicable. Specimen preservation method: All specimens were preserved as follows: air dry, dried and pressed; liquid (formalin; fixing agent Kew), silica. Curatorial unit: AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores. Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 19 Usage licence Usage licence: Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero) Data resources Data package title: Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Resource link: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=flores-corvo seaweed flora Alternative identifiers: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=flores-corvo_seaweed_flora Number of data sets: 1 Data set name: Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Character set: UTF-8 Download URL: hittp://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/archive.do?r=flores-corvo seaweed flora Data format: Darwin Core Archive Data format version: 1.3 Description: This data paper presents physical and occurrence data from macroalgal surveys undertaken on Flores and Corvo Islands between 1989 and 2018 (Neto et al. 2020d). The dataset submitted to GBIF is structured as a sample event dataset, with two tables: event (as core) and occurrences. The data in this sampling event resource have been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwWCA), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 90 records (eventID). The extension data table has 2077 occurrences. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated in the IPT link. This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for downloading in the downloads section. Column label Column description eventID Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset country Country of the sampling site countryCode Code of the country where the event occurred stateProvince Name of the region island Name of the island municipality Name of the municipality locality Name of the locality 20 locationID decimalLatitude decimalLongitude geodeticDatum coordinateUncertaintyInMetres eventDate year samplingProtocol locationRemarks minimumDepthinMetres maximumDepthinMetres eventRemarks occurrencelD institutionID institutionCode collectionID collectionCode datasetName eventID kingdom phylum class order family genus specificEpithet infraspecificEpithet acceptedNameUsage Neto A et al Identifier of the location The geographic latitude of the sampling site The geographic longitud of the sampling site The spatial reference system upon which the geographic coordinates are based The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location Time interval when the event occurred The year of the event Sampling method used during an event Zonation level The minimum depth in metres where the specimen was found The maximum depth in metres where the specimen was found Notes about the event Identifier of the record, coded as a global unique identifier The identifier for the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record The acronym of the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record An identifier of the collection to which the record belongs The name of the collection from which the record was derived The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset Kingdom name Phylum name Class name Order name Family name Genus name The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation The specimen accepted name, with authorship previousldentifications scientificName scientificNameAuthorship Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 21 Previous name of the specimen, with authorship The name without authorship applied on the first identification of the specimen The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode taxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName basisOfRecord The specific nature of the data record habitat Description of the habitat where the specimen was found recordedBy Person(s) responsible for sampling catalogNumber Identifying code for a unique sample lot in a biological collection identifiedBy Person(s) responsible for taxa identification type The nature of the resource preparations The preservation method used for the specimen establishmentMeans occurrenceRemarks license The establishment status of the organism in the study region New record status assignment Reference to the licence under which the record is published Additional information This paper accommodates the 1687 specimens of macroalgae recorded from Flores Island in 196 taxa comprising 128 confirmed species and 68 taxa identified only to generic level. The confirmed species (Tables 4, 5) include 80 Rhodophyta, 22 Chlorophyta and 26 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 37 species are newly recorded for the Island (20 Rhodophyta, six Chlorophyta and 11 Ochrophyta). Most species are native, including the two Macaronesian endemics (Laurencia viridis and Millerella tinerfensis. Six species are introductions to the algal flora (the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata, Neoizziella divaricata and Symphyocladia marchantioides; the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile; and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii and Papenfussiella kuromo). Fourteen species are uncertain in status (10 Rhodophyta, two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta). Many species were only sporadically recorded on Flores, but 19 were commonly found around the Island and occurred quite abundantly in some locations, namely: the Rhodophyta Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin, Asparagopsis armata, A. taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan, Platoma cyclocoloum (Montagne) F.Schmitz, Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon, Pferocladiella capillacea and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse; the Chlorophyta Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C.Agardh, Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kutzing, Codium adhaerens C.Agradh, Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardiniand Ulva rigida C.Agardh; and the Ochrophyta Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C.Agardh, Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbés & Solier in Castagne, 22 Neto A et al Halopteris filicina, Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy, Zanardinia typus (Nardo) P.C.Silva and Zonaria tournefortii. Table 4. Macroalgal species recorded from Flores Island, with information on relative abundance, origin and status. Phylum Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Species (Accepted Name) Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C.Agardh Bryopsis cupressina J.V.Lamouroux Bryopsis hypnoides J.V.Lamouroux Bryopsis pennata J.V.Lamouroux Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kutzing Cladophora albida (Nees) Kutzing Cladophora coelothrix Kutzing Cladophora hutchinsiae (Dillwyn) Kitzing Cladophora lehmanniana (Lindenberg) Kitzing Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kutzing Cladophoropsis membranacea (Hofman Bang ex C.Agardh) Bergesen Codium adhaerens C.Agardh Codium decorticatum (Woodward) M.A.Howe Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier Lychaete pellucida (Hudson) M.J.Wynne Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini Ulva clathrata (Roth) C.Agardh Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus Ulva rigida C.Agardh Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C.Agardh Number of records 13 2 20 18 23 Establishment Means Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Introduced Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record New record Phylum Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Species (Accepted Name) Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbés & Solier Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville Cutleria multifida (Turner) Grevill, phase Aglaozonia parvula (Greville) Zanardini Cystoseira foeniculacea (Linnaeus) Greville Cystoseira humilis Schousboe ex Kitzing Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.De Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux Dictyota bartayresiana J.V.Lamouroux Dictyota cyanoloma Tronholm, De Clerck, A.G6mez-Garreta & Rull Lluch Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kitzing Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiahez & M.J.Wynne Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira Myrionema strangulans Greville Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki Petrospongium berkeleyi (Greville) Nageli ex Kitzing Sargassum furcatum Kutzing Sargassum vulgare C.Agardh, nom. illeg. Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C.Agardh Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J.Agardh Zanardinia typus (Nardo) P.C.Silva Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin Amphiroa beauvoisii J.V.Lamouroux Amphiroa rigida J.V.Lamouroux Asparagopsis armata Harvey Number of records 61 54 61 11 85 96 35 58 Establishment Means Native Uncertain Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Introduced Uncertain Native Native Native Introduced Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Introduced 23 OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record 24 Phylum Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Neto A et al Species (Accepted Name) Asparagopsis armata Harvey, phase Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) F.Schmitz Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan Bornetia secundiflora (J.Agardh) Thuret Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) Feldmann Callithamnion corymbosum (J.E.Smith) Lyngbye Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C.Agardh Caulacanthus ustulatus (Turner) Kitzing Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agardh) Montagne Ceramium ciliatum (J.Ellis) Ducluzeau Ceramium cimbricum H.E.Petersen Ceramium derbesii Solier ex Kutzing Ceramium echionotum J.Agardh Ceramium gaditanum (Clemente) Cremades Ceramium virgatum Roth Ceratodictyon intricatum (C.Agardh) R.E.Norris Ceratodictyon scoparium (Montagne & Millardet) R.E.Norris Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq Chondracanthus teedei (Mertens ex Roth) Kitzing Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C.Agardh Corallina ferreyrae E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik Corallina officinalis Linnaeus Cruoria pellita (Lyngbye) Fries Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) L.Newton Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders Erythrocystis montagnei (Derbés & Solier) P.C.Silva Gelidium corneum (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux Number of records 6 38 11 10 Establishment Means Introduced Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Uncertain Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Native Native OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record Phylum Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores Species (Accepted Name) Gelidium microdon Kitzing Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis Gelidium spinosum (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva Gigartina pistillata (S.G.Gmelin) Stackhouse Gracilariopsis longissima (S.G.Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham Grateloupia filicina (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh Griffithsia corallinoides (Linnaeus) Trevisan Griffithsia devoniensis Harvey Gymnogongrus crenulatus (Turner) J.Agardh Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) C.Martius Gymnothamnion elegans (Schousboe ex C.Agardh) J.Agardh Halurus flosculosus (J.Ellis) Maggs & Hommersand Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V.Lamouroux Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) Collins & Hervey Jania capillacea Harvey Jania crassa J.V.Lamouroux Jania longifurca Zanardini Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux Jania virgata (Zanardini) Montagne Kallymenia reniformis (Turner) J.G.Agardh Laurencia obtusa (Huds.) J.V.Lamouroux Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodriguez & Haroun Laurenciella marilzae (Gil-Rodriguez, Senties, Diaz-Larrea, Cassano & M.T.Fujii) Gil-Rodriguez, Senties, Diaz-Larrea, Cassano & M.T.Fujii Leptosiphonia fibrillosa (Agardh) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye Mesophyllum expansum (Philippi) Cabioch & M.L.Mendoza Number of records 19 12 1 Establishment Means Native Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Uncertain Native Uncertain Native Native Macaronesian endemism Native Native Native Native 25 OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record New record New record 26 Phylum Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Rhodophya Neto A et al Species (Accepted Name) Number of records Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) 3 S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico Nemalion elminthoides (Velley) Batters 5 Neoizziella divaricata (C.K.Tseng) S.-M.Lin, 5 S.-Y.Yang & Huisman Osmundea hybrida (A.P.de Candolle) 4 K.W.Nam Osmundea pinnatifida (Hudson) Stackhouse 10 Peyssonnelia squamaria (S.G.Gmelin) 6 Decaisne ex J.Agardh Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S.Dixon 3 Platoma cyclocolpum (Montagne) F.Schmitz 42 Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) 23 P.S.Dixon Polysiphonia opaca (C.Agardh) Moris & De 2 Notaris Polysiphonia stricta (Mertens ex Dillwyn) 1 Greville Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) 42 Santelices & Hommersand Rhodymenia holmesii Ardissone 14 Schimmelmannia schousboei (J.Agardh) 1 J.Agardh Schizymenia apoda (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1 Schottera nicaeensis (J.V.Lamouroux ex 2 Duby) Guiry & Hollenberg Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse 20 Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey 3 Stenogramma interruptum (C.Agardh) 1 Montagne Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) 1 Falkenberg Taenioma nanum (Kitzing) Papenfuss 1 Tenarea tortuosa (Esper) Me.Lemoine 1 Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze 2 Vertebrata fucoides (Hudson) Kuntze 2 Vertebrata thuyoides (Harvey) Kuntze Establishment Means Macaronesian endemism Native Introduced Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Introduced Native Native Native Uncertain Native OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 27 For the Island of Corvo, this paper accommodates the 390 specimens of macroalgae recorded in 56 taxa comprising 43 confirmed species and 13 taxa identified only to genus level. The confirmed species (Tables 6, 7) include 22 Rhodophyta, eight Chlorophyta and 13 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 22 species are newly recorded to the Island (nine Rhodophyta, four Chlorophyta and nine Ochrophyta). Most species are native, two represent introductions to the algal flora of the Azores (the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata and the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile) and seven have an uncertain status (five Rhodophyta and two Ochrophyta). Table 5. Summary of the macroalgal flora of Flores Island, with information on the species origins and status. Phyllum Order Family Specimens Total Total Native Introduced Uncertain Macaronesian New Number taxa species endemism record Rhodophyta 14 33 789 120 80 65 3 10 2 20 Chlorophyta 3 9 216 35 22 19 1 2 6 Ochrophyta 7 12 682 41 26 22 2 2 11 Total 24 54 1687 196 128 106 6 14 2 37 Table 6. Macroagal species recorded from Corvo Island, with information on relative abundance, origin and status. Phylum Species (Accepted Name) Number of — Establishment OccurrenceRemarks records Means Chlorophyta Chaetomorpha linum (O.F.Miller) Kiitzing 1 Native Chlorophyta Cladophora coelothrix Kitzing 1 Native Chlorophyta Cladophora hutchinsiae (Dillwyn) Kitzing 1 Native New record Chlorophyta Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kiitzing 1 Uncertain Chlorophyta Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kutzing 2 Native Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) 2 Introduced Hariot Chlorophyta Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) 29 Native New record Zanardini Chlorophyta Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh 1 Native New record Ochrophyta Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters 1 Native New record Ochrophyta Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) 1 Native New record C.Agardh 28 Phylum Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Ochrophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophya Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Neto A et al Species (Accepted Name) Number of records Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) 18 Derbés & Solier Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville 3 Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.De 3 Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kitzing 31 Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 15 Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne 1 Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) 8 Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy 32 Sargassum furcatum Kutzing 2 Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J.Agardh 5 Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) 33 Montagne Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin 28 Asparagopsis armata Harvey 23 Asparagopsis armata Harvey, phase 1 Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) F.Schmitz Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan 13 Carradoriella denudata (Dillwyn) 1 A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mertens ex 1 Turner) Kitzing Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) 2 Fredericq Chondria capillaris (Hudson) M.J.Wynne 1 Corallina officinalis Linnaeus 3 Erythrodermis traillii (Holmes ex Batters) 1 Guiry & Garbary Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis 2 Gigartina pistillata (S.G.Gmelin) 1 Stackhouse Gymnogongrus crenulatus (Turner) 1 J.Agardh Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) 5 C.Martius Establishment Means Native Uncertain Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Native Native Native Introduced Introduced Native Uncertain Uncertain Native Native Native Uncertain Native Native Native Native OccurrenceRemarks New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record New record Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 29 Phylum Species (Accepted Name) Number of — Establishment OccurrenceRemarks records Means Rhodophyta Jania virgata (Zanardini) Montagne 8 Uncertain New record Rhodophyta Nemalion elminthoides (Velley) Batters 1 Native Rhodophyta Osmundeéa pinnatifida (Hudson) 2 Native Stackhouse Rhodophyta Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) 4 Native New record P.S.Dixon Rhodophyta Pferocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) 6 Native Santelices & Hommersand Rhodophyta Schottera nicaeensis (J.V.Lamouroux ex 1 Uncertain Duby) Guiry & Hollenberg Rhodophyta Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse 3 Native New record Rhodophyta Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey 2 Native New record Rhodophyta Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze 1 Native Table 7. Summary of the macroalgal flora of Corvo Island, with information on the species origins and status. Phyllum Order Family Specimens Total Total Native Introduced Uncertain New Number taxa species record Rhodophyta 7 16 136 30 22 16 1 5 9 Chlorophyta 3 4 42 9 8 7 1 0 4 Ochrophyta 6 9 212 17 13 11 0 2 9 Total 16 29 390 56 43 34 2 7 22 Nine species were commonly found, some abundantly in some locations, namely: the Rhodophyta Acrosorium ciliolatum, Asparagopsis armata, A. taxiformis; the Chlorophyta Microdictyon umbilicatum; and the Ochrophyta Colpomenia sinuosa, Halopteris filicina, H. scoparia, Padina pavonica and Zonaria tournefortii. A mismatch regarding the GBIF backbone taxonomy of some of the macroalgae species names was identified as detailed in Suppl. material 1. Acknowledgements This paper is the result of several projects, expeditions and campaigns (see Funding above) and is supported by the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072” as part of the Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds). We are grateful to the Municipalities of Lajes and Santa Cruz das Flores, the Ecoteca of Flores, the 30 Neto A et al Basic and Secondary School of Santa Cruz das Flores and the Flores Forestry Services for their logistic support during the Expeditions and Campaigns. Thanks are due to the many Campaign teams for their critical involvement in this project (the international Earthwatch team, Carolina Arruda, Claudia Hipolito, Cristiana Figueiredo, Heather Baldwin, Inés Neto, Isabel Pinto, Joana Micael, Marco Henrique, Maria Ana Dionisio, Maria Ventura, Nuno Vaz Alvaro, Patricia Madeira, Pedro Alves, Pedro Cerqueira, Rita Grilo, Rita Norberto, Rui Santos and Sandra Monteiro). Manuela |. Parente was supported by a Postdoc grant (SFRH/BPD/34246/2006) awarded by Fundagao para a Ciéncia e a Tecnologia (FCT). Afonso Prestes was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015) awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciéncia e Tecnologia (FRCT). WF was awarded grants from the British Council and Earthwatch. Author contributions ° AIN: Conceptualization; Methodology; Research (field and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing ° MIP: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing ° IT: Methodology; Research (field work and laboratory work); Data Curation; Paper writing ° RF: Methodology; Research (field work and laboratory work); Data Curation . WF: Methodology; Research (field work and laboratory work); Data Curation ° ACC: Research (field and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation ° AZB: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation ° SM: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation ° RR: Resources; Data Curation ° PA: Resources ° ACLP: Investigation (laboratory work); Resources; Paper writing ° NVA: Research (field work); Maps elaboration ° DM-F: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation ° RMAN: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing ° JMNA: Research (field work and laboratory work); Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing ° IM: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing References ° Afonso-Carrillo J, Sanson M (1989) Clave Ilustrada para la Determinacion de los Macrofitos Marinas Bentonicos de las Islas Canarias. [Illustrated key for the determination of the Benthic Marine Macrophytes of the Canary Islands]. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (Botanica), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 55 pp. Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 31 Azevedo JM, Neto Al, Costa AC (1990) Estudo de impacte ambiental sobre 0 meio marinho das infraestruturas de transporte das ilhas das Flores e Corvo. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Acores. Azevedo JM (1998) Depositos vulcanoclasticos submarinos: caso de estudo da ilha das Flores, Acores. Provas de Aptidao Cientifica e Pedagdgica. Departamento de Ciéncias da Terra, Faculdade de Ciéncias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 198 pp. Azevedo JM (1999) Geologia e Hidrogeologia da Ilha das Flores (Acores, Portugal). Tese de doutoramento. Departamento de Ciéncias da Terra. Faculdade de Ciéncias e Tecnologia. Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 403 pp. Boudouresque C-F, Meinesz A, Verlague M (1992) Méditerranée. In: Boudouresque C- F, et al. (Ed.) Guide des Algues des Mers d'Europe. Delachaux et Niestlée, Paris, 138-231 pp. Bridsen D, Forman L (Eds) (1999) The Herbarium Handbook. Third Edition. Kew: The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, xii + 334 pp. [ISBN 1-900347-43-1] Brodie J, Maggs C, John DM (Eds) (2007) The green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society, Dunmurry, Northern Ireland, xii + 242 pp. Burrows EM (1991) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. 2. Chlorophyta. Natural History Museum, London, xii + 238 pp. Cabioc'h J, Floc'h J-Y, Le Toquin A (1992) Manche et Atlantique. In: Boudouresque C-F, et al. (Ed.) Cuide des Algues des Mers d'Europe. Delachaux et Niestle, Paris, 30-136 pp. Cardoso P, Erwin T, Borges PV, New T (2011) The seven impediments in invertebrate conservation and how to overcome them. Biological Conservation 144 (11): 2647-2655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.024 Dionisio MA, Micael J, Parente M, Norberto R, CunhaA, Brum J, Cunha L, Lopes C, Monteiro S, Palmero A, Costa AC (2008) Contributo para o conhecimento da biodiversidade marinha da ilha das Flores. XIIl Expedi¢ao Cientifica do Departamento de Biologia FLORES E CORVO 2007. Relatorios e Comunicagées do Departamento de Biologia, 35: 65-84. Dixon SP, Irvine LM (1977) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. | Rhodophyta. Part 1 Introduction, Nemaliales, Gigartinales. British Museum (Natural History), London, xi + 252 pp. Drouet H (1866) Catalogue de la flore des Iles Agores précédeé de I'itinéraire d'un voyage dans cet Archipel. Mémoires de la Société Académique de I'Aube 30: 81-233. Fletcher RL (1987) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. Ill. Fucophyceae (Phaeophyceae). Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, x + 359 pp. Fralick RA, Hehre EJ (1990) Observations on the marine algal flora of the Azores II. An annotated checklist of the Chlorophyta of the Azores. Arquiplago (Life and Earth Sciences) 8: 11-17. Freitas R, Romeiras M, Silva L, Cordeiro R, Madeira P, Gonzalez JA, Wirtz P, Falcon JM, Brito A, Floeter SR, Afonso P, Porteiro F, Viera-Rodriguez MA, Neto Al, Haroun R, Farminhao JNM, Rebelo AC, Baptista L, Melo CS, Martinez A, Nufiez J, Berning B, Johnson ME, Avila SP (2019) Restructuring of the Macaronesia biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach. Scientific Reports 9 (15792). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51786-6 32 Neto A et al Gain L (1914) Algues provenantdes campagnes de I'Hirondelle I] (1911-1912). Bulletin de I'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco 279: 1-23. Gayral P, Cosson J (1986) Connaitre et reconnaitre les algues marines. Ouest France, 220 pp. Guiry MD, Guiry GM (2020) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org. Accessed on: 2020-10-26. Hidrogrografico | (1981) Roteiro do Arquiplago dos Aores. PUB (N) -lli-128-SN, Lisboa. Hildenbrand A, Marques FO, Catalao J (2018) Large-scale mass wasting on small volcanic islands revealed by the study of Flores Island (Azores). Scientific Reports 8: 13898. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32253-0 Hortal J, de Bello F, Diniz-Filho JA, Lewinsohn TM, Lobo JM, Ladle RJ (2015) Seven shortfalls that beset large-scale knowledge of biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 46: 523-549. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev- ecolsys-112414-054400 Irvine LM (1983) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. |. Rhodophyta. Part 2 A. Cryptonemiales (sensu stricto), Palmariales, Rnodymeniales. British Museum (Natural History), London, xii + 115 pp. Irvine LM, Chamberlain YM (1994) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. 1. Rhodophyta. Part 2B. Corallinales, Hildenbrandiales. Natural History Museum, London, vii + 276 pp. Lawson GW, John DM (1982) The marine algae and coastal environment of Tropical West Africa. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia, J. Cramer, Vaduz, 455 pp. Levring T (1974) The marine algae of the archipelago of Madeira. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 28: 5-111. URL: http://publications.cm-funchal.ptlispui/nandle/1 00/1231 Lloréns JLP, Cabrero IH, Lacida RB, Gonzalez GP, Murillo FGB, Ofhate JJV (2012) Flora marina del litoral gaditano. Biologia, ecologia, usos y guia de identificacion. mCN Monografias de Ciencias de la Naturaleza. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, 368 pp. Maggs CA, Hommersand MH (1993) Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. 1. Rhodophyta. Part 3A. Ceramiales. Natural History Museum, London, xv + 444 pp. Morton B, Britton JC, Martins AMF (1998) Coastal Ecology of the Azores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp. Neto Al, Azevedo JMM (1990) Contribuigao para o estudo dos padrées de zonagao litoral da Ilha das Flores. FLORES/89 — Relatorio Preliminar. Relatorios e Comunicagodes do Departamento de Biologia 18: 89-102. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/ 10400.3/860 Neto Al, Baldwin HP (1990) Algas marinhas do litoral das ilhas do Corvo e Flores. FLORES/89 — Relatorio Preliminar. Relatorios e Comunicagées do Departamento de Biologia 18: 103-111. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/863 Neto Al (1996) Flora litoral das ilhas das Flores e Corvo: Inventario, ecologia e afinidades biogeograficas. |. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Acores, 9 pp. Neto Al (1997) Flora litoral das ilhas das Flores e Corvo: Inventario, ecologia e afinidades biogeograficas. II. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Agores, 5 pp. Neto Al (1999) Flora litoral das ilhas das Flores e Corvo: Inventario, ecologia e afinidades biogeograficas. III. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Acores, 23 pp. Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores 33 Neto Al, Tittley |, Raposeiro P (2005) Flora Marinha do Litoral dos Agores. [Rocky Shore Marine Flora of the Azores]. Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do Mar, Agores, 156 pp. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/1677 [ISBN 972 99884 0 4] Neto Al, Azevedo JMN, Madruga L, Terra MR, Alvaro NV, Azevedo JMM (2008) Candidatura da Ilha das Flores a Reserva da Biosfera. Gaiaware - Consultoria em Ambiente e Energia, Lda. & Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do Mar, Governo dos Acgores, vii + 233pp. Neto Al, Prestes AC, Alvaro NV, Resendes R, Neto RM, Moreu | (2020a) Marine algal (seaweed) flora of Terceira Island, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57462. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e57462 Neto Al, Prestes AC, Alvaro NV, Resendes R, Neto RM, Tittley 1, Moreu | (2020b) Marine algal flora, of Pico Island, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57461. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e57461 Neto Al, Parente MI, Botelho AZ, Prestes AC, Resendes R, Afonso P, Alvaro NV, Milla- Figueras D, Neto RM, Tittley 1, Moreu | (2020c) Marine algal flora of Graciosa Island, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57201. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e57201 Neto Al, Parente MI, Tittley |, Fletcher RL, Farnnam WF, Costa AC, Botelho AZ, Monteiro S, Resendes R, Afonso P, Prestes ACL, Alvaro NV, Milla-Figueras D, Neto RMA, Azevedo JMN, Moreu | (2020d) Marine algal flora of Flores and Corvo Islands, Azores. 1.4. Universidade dos Acores. Dataset/Samplingevent. Release date: 2020-11-15. URL: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=flores-corvo seaweed _ flora&v=1.4 Rodriguez-Prieto C, Ballesteros E, Boisset F, Afonso-Carrillo J (2013) Guia de las macroalgas y fanerogamas marinas del Mediterraneo Occidental. Ed. Omega, S.A., Barcelona, 656 pp. Schmidt OC (1929) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen der Azoren. |. Hedwigia 69: 95-11. Schmidt OC (1931) Die marine vegetation der Azoren in ihren Grundzugen dargestellt. Bibliotheca Botanica 24 (102): 1-116, 10 Tafl. Taylor WR (1967) Marine algae of the northeastern coasts of North America. The University of Michigan Press, viii + 509 pp. Taylor WR (1978) Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropical coasts of the Americas. The University of Michigan Press, xxi + 870 pp. Tittley 1, Neto Al (1996) Marine algae of the Island of Flores, Azores: Floristics and ecology. Il Simposio Fauna e Flora das Ilhas Atlanticas, Abstract Book, Las Palmas, 12-16/02. Gran Canaria URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/1768 Tittley |, Neto Al, Farnham WF (1998) Marine algae of the Island of Flores, Azores: Ecology and floristics. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, Sup 5: 463-479. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/1688 Tittley |, Neto Al (2000) A provisional classification of algal characterized rocky shore biotopes in the Azores. Hydrobiologia 440: 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1004172321900 Tittley | (2003) Seaweed diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean. Arquiplago Life and Marine Sciences 19A: 13-25. Tittley |, Neto Al (2005) The marine algal (Seaweed) flora of the Azores: additions and amendments. Botanica Marina 48: 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2005.030 Tittley 1, Neto Al (2006) The marine algal flora of the Azores: Island isolation or Atlantic stepping stones? Occasional papers of the Irish Biogeographical Society 9: 40-55. 34 Neto A et al ° Trelease W (1897) Botanical observations on the Azores. Eigth Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden: 76-213. https://doi.org/10.2307/2992160 ° Wallenstein FM, Neto Al, Alvaro NV, Tittley |, Azevedo JMN (2009) Guia para Definicdo de Bidtopos Costeiros em Ilhas Oceanicas. [Coastal Biotope Definition Manual for Oceanic Islands]. Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do Mar URL: http://hdl.handle.net/ 10400.3/1687 [ISBN 978-972-99884-9-3] Supplementary material Suppl. material 1: DP-FLOR+COR-id_15074_normalized.csv EE} Authors: Ana | Neto Data type: Macroalgae taxonomic mismatching Brief description: GBIF does not have the more actualised nomenclature for some of the macroalgae species names. Therefore, the matching tools of its platform were applied to the species list, as required by Pensoft's data auditor, to identify the problematic taxonomic situations. The resulting file (DP-FLOR+COR-id_15074_normalized.csv) is included here, since the names will not be immediately updated in the GBIF Taxonomic Backbone. A request was already sent to GBIF helpdesk to solve this situation. Download file (35.03 kb)