Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e65317 OO)
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e65317 open access
Data Paper

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An
occurrence data compilation of four sampling
campaigns along a multidecadal series

Carlos E. Paz-Rios*, Atahualpa Sosa-Lopez?, Yassir E. Torres-Rojas*, Julia Ramos-Miranda?,
Rodolfo E. del Rio-Rodriguez*

+ Instituto de Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanografia del Golfo de Mexico, Universidad Autonoma de Campeche (ERPOMEX-
UAC), Campus VI, 24029 San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico

Corresponding author: Carlos E. Paz-Rios (carlepaz@uacam.mx),
Atahualpa Sosa-Lopez (atahsosa@uacam.mx)

Academic editor: Felipe Ottoni
Received: 01 Mar 2021 | Accepted: 13 May 2021 | Published: 21 May 2021

Citation: Paz-Rios CE, Sosa-Lépez A, Torres-Rojas YE, Ramos-Miranda J, del Rio-Rodriguez RE (2021) Fish
species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation of four sampling campaigns along a
multidecadal series. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e65317. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65317

Abstract

Background

Here we present an occurrence dataset that contributes to the knowledge of tropical fish
distribution in coastal habitats from the Terminos Lagoon Flora and Fauna Protection Area,
one of the largest lagoon ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico. Fish are high biomass
keystone species in the Terminos Lagoon which provide socio-economic and ecosystem
services. An initiative in 1980 was carried out to systematically sample the fish community
of Terminos Lagoon for an annual cycle; the effectiveness of its results led to replicate in
the lagoon the same sampling design for three more campaigns in 1998, 2010 and 2016.
Constituted as a Flora and Fauna Protection Area in 1994, the Terminos Lagoon has
received many efforts to inventory its biodiversity, particularly on the fish community since
the 70s; however, these studies did not have consistent survey protocols, nor the longevity
of the present study, which was over four decades.

© Paz-Rios C et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.

2 Paz-Rios C et al

New information

A total of 141 fish species, belonging to 90 genera, 49 families, 20 orders and two classes
are presented in this study. Information on fish species occurrence data is provided
corresponding to the Terminos Lagoon coastal ecosystem, southern Gulf of Mexico,
assembled from four time periods at 1980, 1998, 2010 and 2016. The records form part of
a consistently homogeneous database compilation, mostly derived from the research
programme's sampled material on tropical fishery resources of the “Instituto de Ecologia,
Pesquerias y Oceanografia del Golfo de Mexico (EPOMEX)”. The current dataset
represents the first and most comprehensive online open-access source of information
concerning the fish community occurring along and wide of the Terminos Lagoon
ecosystem, with 1,249 data records and a total count of 48,717 organisms. Data are
available through the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS).

Keywords

biodiversity, Campeche, coastal lagoon, estuary, fish occurrence, fishery resource, Gulf of
Mexico

Introduction

Terminos Lagoon is a tropical coastal aquatic system with high biodiversity and abundant
natural resources (Rivera-Arriaga and Villalobos-Zapata 2005). This wealthy coastal area
represents for the population an important source of productive activities from goods
directly realised (e.g. fishing, ecotourism) and of environmental health from ecosystem
services indirectly earned (e.g. material recycling, carbon sink). In this respect, the fish
community could provide a valuable balance in food webs within and between ecosystems
via nutrient flow, due to differential species migration patterns (Abascal-Monroy et al.
2016). In addition, because numerous fish species are commercially important for local
populations settled around the lagoon, the fish’s spatiotemporal dynamics could impact on
the economic welfare by differential exploitation levels in the lagoon habitats (Campos-
Flores and Crespo-Guerrero 2018). Fish community along with environmental conditions
have undergone changes in the Terminos Lagoon, observed as temporal turnovers in the
taxonomic composition and functional traits that suggest a restructuring in the lagoon
ecological status (Ramos-Miranda et al. 2015).

The fish community from the Terminos Lagoon has been sampled extensively in space and
time by virtue of the academic initiatives of the research programme on tropical fishery
resources from the “Instituto de Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanografia del Golfo de Mexico
(EPOMEX)”, forming a wide range of biological and environmental data, useful for
monitoring the lagoon ecological status. Within the framework of this sampling effort,
information on the fish community has been obtained systematically and consistently. Data
was collected during the years 1980, 1998, 2010 and, more recently, in 2016. The primer
for this long-term study programme highlights the research of Dr. Alejandro Yanez

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ... 3

Arancibia, who was one of the most renowned academics in Mexico on coastal ecology
and conservation, contributing and compiling the first compendium on natural resources
and ecological processes of the Terminos Lagoon (Yanhez-Arancibia and Day 1988). The
present study represents a fish occurrence data compilation that makes significative
progress since that first ichthyological survey by recording new temporal ranges of
distribution and making it available by using biodiversity data services. In the context of
data papers, an occurrence record refers to the timely georeferenced presence of a
species in a location, with a link to openly accessible metadata (Penev et al. 2017).

The extensive work of multiple institutions helped to provide further a wide variety of
information on biological, ecological and socioeconomic aspects of the ichthyofauna in the
Terminos Lagoon (e.g. Sanchez 1994, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999, Guevara et al. 2007,
Amador-del Angel et al. 2012, Ruiz-Marin et al. 2012, Garcia-Rios et al. 2013, Campos-
Flores and Crespo-Guerrero 2018). Simultaneously, the academic production on fish topics
was highlighted from the joint collaborations between the EPOMEX Institute with national
and international institutions, including, but not limited to, the following universities:
“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco” (e.g. Ayala-Perez et al. 2001, Ayala-
Pérez et al. 2003, Ayala-Peérez et al. 2008) and “Universite Montpellier Il” (e.g. Ramos-
Miranda et al. 2005a, Ramos-Miranda et al. 2005b, Sosa-Lopez et al. 2005, Sosa-Lopez et
al. 2007, Villeger et al. 2010), describing spatio-temporal trends in the species
composition, associated with the regional weather seasons and environmental variability of
habitats. With the bulk of new data generated by the EPOMEX Institute, an updated
compendium on the fish community and environmental conditions in the Terminos Lagoon
was published (Ramos-Miranda et al. 2006), including the spatial mapping of ecologically
important species in the lagoon. After a few more years, a national initiative for
documenting the biodiversity of Mexico led to another effort by the Institute, contributing
with a synthesis on marine and estuarine fish present, providing an inventory of species for
the Terminos Lagoon (Ramos-Miranda et al. 2010). After this work, contributions on diverse
aspects of the ichthyofauna in the Terminos Lagoon were continually provided (e.g.
Ramos-Miranda et al. 2015, Sirot et al. 2015a, Sirot et al. 2015b, Dorantes-Hernandez et
al. 2020, Escobar-Toledo et al. 2017), highlighting two of the most recent books on the
Lagoon, a valuable illustrated catalogue covering the fish composition (Ayala-Peérez et al.
2015) and a new compendium on current socio-environmental aspects provided (Ramos-
Miranda and Villalobos-Zapata 2015).

Recognised in 1994 as a Flora and Fauna Protection Area, the Terminos Lagoon (along
with the Campeche continental shelf) maintains numerous commercially important fisheries
which employ thousands of people in the southern Gulf of Mexico. However, the historical
trend in the fish abundance and biomass in Terminos Lagoon might suggest an overall
decrease in catch volumes (Ramos-Miranda et al. 2015). Therefore, understanding the
long-term dynamics of this resource is essential in determining the present community
assemblage and current magnitude species richness in order to support and maintain
livelinoods in the region.

4 Paz-Rios C et al

General description

Purpose: The objective of the present study is to document the fish species richness by
sharing information on a species occurrence dataset in the Terminos Lagoon, one of the
largest and most productive lagoon-estuarine ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico. To achieve
this objective, species occurrence data from four methodologically consistent sampling
campaigns were assembled, covering four decades of ecological surveys along and wide
of the Lagoon.

Project description
Title: Terminos Lagoon Fish Occurrence.

Personnel: Atahualpa Sosa Lopez, Julia Ramos Miranda, Yassir Edén Torres Rojas,
Domingo Flores Hernandez, Francisco Gomez Criollo, Luis Alejandro Yanez Arancibia,
Ana Laura Lara Dominguez, Luis Amado Ayala Pérez, Hernan Alvaréz Guillén, Sebastien
Villeger, David Mouillot, Rodolfo Enrique del Rio Rodriguez, Carlos Enrique Paz Rios.

Design description: Terminos Lagoon shows a high spatiotemporal variability in its
biophysical characteristics; hence, four zones have been determined by ecological studies
to characterise different environmental conditions and fish assemblages. The project
design is aimed to provide species occurrence data by zone, so four coordinates were
represented as different centroids, determined from three to five sampling sites per zone
for representing each one of these. In the different sampling campaigns, the same
methodological protocols for collecting fish samples was carried out through the four time
periods.

Funding: The resources to undertake research in the Lagoon have been received from
diverse academic projects: “Mecanismos de produccion en Ecosistemas Lagunares
Costeros, Laguna de Terminos, Mexico y Laguna de Arcachon, Francia, UNAM-
CONACYT-Universidad de Burdeaux QOMACFR-001698”; Evaluacion del camaron blanco
(Penaeus setiferus) y de las comunidades nectonicas de la Laguna de Terminos-Sonda de
Campeche, Mexico: interaccion de los impactos ambientales y pesqueros, SISIERRA
ALIM/97”; “Ecologia del Paisaje y Diagnostico Ambiental del ANP de la Laguna de
Terminos, P/SISIERRA 2000706030"; “Long-term effects of environmental changes on the
nekton biodiversity and the functioning of tropical estuaries, BIODIVNEK ANR-CONACYT
C0004-2009-01-000000000111465”"; and “Analisis de 613C y 6180 en otolitos de peces
marinos presentes en el Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Laguna de Terminos,
Campeche: indicadores del cambio climatico, FONSEC SEMARNAT-CONACYT
000000000263401”.

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ... 5

Sampling methods

Study extent: The dataset contains information on fish collected (juvenile and adult
stages) in four different campaigns: the first one in February 1980 — January 1981, the
second one in February 1998 — January 1999, the third one in November 2010 — October
2011 and the fourth one in September 2016 — August 2017. In each sampling campaign,
the lagoon was visited in a N-S direction, as well as an E-W direction in order to increase
the chances of capturing the greatest species diversity, taking samples from different
environmental conditions, such as habitats dominated by seagrasses or sand beds and
near to river mouths or inlets connected to the sea with different salinity concentrations.
Each sampling campaign encompassed an annual period that covered the three regional
weather seasons: dry, rainy, winter storms.

Sampling description: Fish samples were collected with a shrimp trawl net. This fishing
gear was an active method consisting of a 5-m long net with a mouth opening diameter of
2.5 m and mesh size of 19 mm. One net per site was trawled at a speed of ~ 4.6 km h”
(2.5 knots) for 12 min, covering an area of 2000 m? each trawl. Fish samples were placed
in plastic bags and stored in ice during the sampling campaigns. In the laboratory, fish
were sorted and identified to the species category. Organisms from the last three sampling
Campaign were transferred to 70% ethanol and provisionally stored at the fisheries
laboratory of the EPOMEX Institute.

Quality control: Fish species were sorted and identified to the species taxonomical
category, using specialised literature, such as guides and keys for identification, for
example, Fischer (1978), Hildebrand (1943), Castro-Aguirre (1978), Resendez (1981). The
taxonomical arrangement used herein follows Fricke et al. (2021). Species names were
matched using the Taxon Match tool in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) in
order to obtain an unique identifier, such as the AphialD. Centroid points in the Lagoon,
available in the Data resources (see below) were georeferenced and displayed in different
maps using different software (i.e. ArcView GIS and Google Maps).

Step description: Exploratory analysis of the fish occurrence data

Species richness: The total number of species, with regards to time, was evaluated by the
sampling effort through the four sampling campaigns, using a species accumulation curve
with interpolation-extrapolation of the Hill number for incidence data (Chao and Jost 2012).
This species accumulation curve estimates the potential species richness and the sample
coverage, including, in the present analysis, an additional sampling effort for simulating an
extra campaign. Analyses were undertaken using the package iNEXT in R (Hsieh et al.
2016).

Temporal pattern: Temporal changes in composition and abundance (root square
transformation) through the time of commercially important species, according to Ayala-
Perez et al. (2015), were explored using a heatmap plot, classified by the different
sampling year periods and zone in the dataset. The heatmap plot was undertaken using
the statistical software PRIMER (Clarke and Gorley 2006).

6 Paz-Rios C et al

Geographic coverage

Description: The Terminos Lagoon is situated in the Mexican littoral zone of Campeche
(Fig. 1), forming part of the Tropical North-western Atlantic's marine ecoregion 69
(Southern Gulf of Mexico) (Spalding et al. 2007). Terminos Lagoon is a shallow water body
(3.5 m depth) that covers an approximate water surface area of ~ 1700 km?; it is a lagoon-
estuarine system, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by the Carmen Island, connected to
the sea by two permanently open inlets: Puerto Real inlet on its eastern side and Carmen
inlet on its western side, receiving freshwater from three streams on its southern part:
Palizada River, Chumpan River and Candelaria River (Ramos-Miranda et al. 2005a).

Gulf of Mexico

-92.2°W -92°W -91.8°W -91.6°W -91.4°W -91.2°W -91°W

Figure 1. EES

Location of sampling sites and the four centroids per zone in the Terminos Lagoon,
Campeche, Mexico. Zones based on classification by Villeger et al. (2010). Image source:
NASA Earth Observatory, acquired by Joshua Stevens on 20 January 2017, by the Operation
Land Imager on Landsat 8 from the U.S. Geological Survey.

Coordinates: 18°40' N and 18°90' N Latitude; 92°00' W and 91°20' W Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

Description: The dataset contains occurrence records from organisms belonging to the
class Actinopteri and Elasmobranchii (Paz-Rios and Sosa-Lopez 2021). The complete
taxonomic inventory is composed of 141 species, 90 genera, 49 families and 20 orders
(Table 1). The class Actinopteri is composed of 134 species, 84 genus, 44 families and 18
orders, whereas the class Elasmobranchii is composed of seven species, six genus, five
families and two orders. Regardless of class, 11 families presented the highest numbers of
species, accounting for the 57% of all the fauna in the lagoon: Carangidae (12 spp.),
Clupeidae, (7 spp.), Engraulidae (5 spp.), Gerreidae (6 spp.), Haemulidae (6 spp),

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ... 7

Lutjanidae (5 spp.), Sciaenidae (13 spp.), Sparidae (5 spp.), Syngnathidae (6 spp.),
Tetraodontidae (9 spp.) and Triglidae (7 spp).

Table 1.

Taxonomic classification of the fish community from the Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico. *
Commercially important species after Ayala-Pérez et al. (2015). ~ Reported species in freshwater
habitats after Fricke et al. (2021). Sampling campaigns: 1, 1980-1981; 2, 1998-1999; 3, 2010-2011;
4, 2016-2017.

Class Order Family Species 123 4
Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Dasyatis hastata (DeKay, 1842) e
*Hypanus americanus (Hildebrand & ee

Schroeder, 1928)

~Hypanus sabinus (Lesueur, 1824) eoeee
Gymnuridae Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ee
Potamotrygonidae Styracura schmardae (Werner, 1904) e °
Urotrygonidae Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816) eeee
Rhinopristiformes |= Rhinobatidae Pseudobatos lentiginosus (Garman, 1880) ee
Actinopteri Acanthuriformes Ephippidae *~Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) e e @ e
Lobotidae *~l obotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) e
Anguilliformes Muraenidae Gymnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard, e
1858)
Gymnothorax saxicola Jordan & Davis, 1891 e
Ophichthidae Ophichthus gomesii (Castelnau, 1855) ee
Aulopiformes Synodontidae Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766) eeee
Batrachoidiformes Batrachoididae ~Opsanus beta (Goode & Bean, 1880) eeee
Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier, 1829) eee
Beloniformes Belonidae ~Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860) °
Hemiramphidae ~Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean, e e
1882
Blenniiformes Blenniidae Hypleurochilus geminatus (Wood, 1825) e
Labrisomidae Paraclinus fasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) e
Carangiformes Achiridae ~Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) eeee

~Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, eoeee
1801)

Class

Order

Cichliformes

Clupeiformes

Paz-Rios C et al

Family
Bothidae

Carangidae

Centropomidae

Cynoglossidae

Paralichthyidae

Polynemidae
Sphyraenidae
Cichlidae

Clupeidae

Species

Bothus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)
*Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)
*~Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766)
~Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831
Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793)

*Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus,
1766)

Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier, 1833)

~Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider,
1801)

*Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815)
Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758)
*Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann,
1896

*~Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860
*~Centropomus poeyi Chavez, 1961
*~Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)
*Symphurus civitatum Ginsburg, 1951
~Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Gill, 1864
~Citharichthys spilopterus Gunther, 1862
Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
Syacium gunteri Ginsburg, 1933
Polydactylus octonemus (Girard, 1858)
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)
~Mayaheros urophthalmus (Gunther, 1862)
*~Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand, 1948
~Dorosoma anale Meek, 1904

~Dorosoma petenense (Gunther, 1867)

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ...

Class Order Family Species
*Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829)
*~Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865
*Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)
*Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847

Engraulidae ~Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900)
~Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)

Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)

Cyprinodontiformes Fundulidae ~Lucania parva (Baird & Girard, 1855)
Elopiformes Elopidae Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766
Gobiiformes Eleotridae ~Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin, 1789)
Gobiidae ~Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes,
1837)

~Gobionellus oceanicus (Pallas, 1770)
Gobiosoma longipala Ginsburg, 1933
Mugiliformes Mugilidae *~Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
*~Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836
Perciformes Scaridae Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes, 1840)
Scorpaenidae Scorpaena brasiliensis Cuvier, 1829
Scorpaena plumieri Bloch, 1789
Triglidae Prionotus beanii Goode, 1896
Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1771)
Prionotus martis Ginsburg, 1950
Prionotus punctatus (Bloch, 1793)
Prionotus rubio Jordan, 1886
Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
Prionotus tribulus Cuvier, 1829
Gerreidae ~Diapterus auratus Ranzani, 1842

~Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829)

10 Paz-Rios C et al

Class Order Family

Haemulidae

Lutjanidae

Sciaenidae

Species

~Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard,
1855

~Eucinostomus gula (Quoy & Gaimard,
1824)

~Eucinostomus melanopterus (Bleeker,
1863)

*~Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier, 1830)
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*~Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, 1830
*Haemulon bonariense Cuvier, 1830
*Haemulon plumierii (Lacepéde, 1801)
*~Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)
*~Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828)

*Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792)
*~Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758)
*Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)
*~Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepéde, 1802)
*Bairdiella ronchus (Cuvier, 1830)

Corvula batabana (Poey, 1860)
*~Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930
*~Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)
*Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook, 1848)
*Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
*Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847)

Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider,
1801)

~Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)

*~Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus,
1766)

Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier, 1830)

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ...

Class Order Family
Serranidae
Sparidae
Scombriformes Stromateidae
Trichiuridae
Siluriformes Ariidae

Syngnathiformes Dactylopteridae

Syngnathidae

Tetraodontiformes Diodontidae

Monacanthidae

Ostraciidae

Tetraodontidae

Species

~Stellifer lanceolatus (Holbrook, 1855)

Diplectrum bivittatum (Valenciennes, 1828)

*Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766)
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)

*Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860)

*~Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum,

1792)

Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Calamus penna (Valenciennes, 1830)

*~Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1766)

Stenotomus caprinus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882

Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758)
*Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
*~Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766)

*Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)
*~Cathorops melanopus (Gunther, 1864)
Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810

Hippocampus zosterae Jordan & Gilbert,
1882

Syngnathus floridae (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)

~Syngnathus fuscus Storer, 1839

Syngnathus louisianae Gunther, 1870

~Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann & Kendall,

1896)

Chilomycterus schoepfii (Walbaum, 1792)
Aluterus schoepfii (Walbaum, 1792)
Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill, 1818)
Stephanolepis hispida (Linnaeus, 1766)

Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus,
1758)

Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus, 1766)

11

12 Paz-Rios C et al

Class Order Family Species 1 2
Sphoeroides greeleyi Gilbert, 1900 ee

Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider,

1801)

Sphoeroides marmoratus (Lowe, 1838) e
Sphoeroides nephelus (Goode & Bean, ee
1882)

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Miller &
Troschel, 1848)

Sphoeroides parvus Shipp & Yerger, 1969
Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785) ee

~Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) e e

Species richness: The species accumulation curve showed a weak slope at the observed
species richness (141 spp.) as a function of the number of sampling units through the four
periods of study (Fig. 2A). The data extrapolation for the fish species richness showed a
slight tendency to increase in the number of species undetected, suggesting an estimated
species richness of 148 ssp. (159-138 spp. 95% CL) after including a number of sampling
units that simulated an extra campaign. The sample coverage of the four sampling periods
analysed was higher than 0.9 (Fig. 2B), Suggesting that unsampled species would
represent a coverage deficit lower than 10% to reach an asymptote in the sampling effort.
The representative nature of the analysed species richness roughly agrees with the
numbers previously reported for the lagoon, ranking the extreme values for fish species
observed at 117-149 nominal species (Yanhez-Arancibia et al. 1988, Ramos-Miranda et al.

2015).

160-4 B 1.04 —= = oe

oO
©
L

120 4

Species richness
les]
oO
A
Sample coverage
oOo
o
1

b
ro)

A
°o
ess

4

T T T iM T T T T Tr
0 250 500 750 1000 0 250 500 750 1000
Number of sampling units Number of sampling units

Figure 2. EES

Species accumulation curve (A) and sample completeness (B), based on the interpolation
(solid line) and extrapolation (dashed line) analyses of fish species richness in the Terminos
Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico. The knot on curves indicates the observed species richness.

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ... 13

Temporal pattern: As part of the fish community recorded for the Terminos Lagoon, 45
spp. are considered commercially important (Fig. 3). Occurrence and abundance data on
this resource showed that most of the species display a highly dynamic distribution through
the sampling years and zones, but in general, zone 4 presented lower species abundance
values. Several fish species were poorly represented and recorded at one or two sampling
campaigns with low abundance, such as _ Brevoortia gunteri, Sardinella aurita,
Centropomus poeyi, Centropomus undecimalis or Ocyurus chrysurus. Other locally
exploited species were maintained relatively consistently through the sampling years, such
as some Clupeidae (e.g. Herengula jaguana), Ephippida (Chaetodipterus faber),
Sciaenidae (e.g. Bairdiella chrysoura, Bairdiella ronchus, Cynoscion arenarius, Cynoscion
nebulosus) or Ariidae (e.g. Ariopsis felis, Bagre marinus, Cathorops melanopus).

50 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Hypanus americanus
Chaetodipterus faber

Lobotes surinamensis

Caranx crysos.

Caranx hippos

25.9 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
Selene setapinnis

Trachinotus carolinus
Centropomus paralldus

Centro pomus poeyi
Centropomus undecimais

0 Symphurus civitatum
Brevoortia gunteri

Harengula clupeola
Harengulajaguana
Opisthonemaoglinun
Sardinella aurita

Mugil cephalus

wo Mugil curema
oO Eugerres plumieri
‘Oo Conodon nobilis
@ ___Haemulon bonariense
jos Haemulon plumierii
n Orthopristis chrysoptera
x= Lutjanus analis
D Lutjanus apodus
LL Lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus synagris
Ocyurus chrysurus

Bairdiellachrysoua aa
Bairdiella ronchus
Cynoscion arenanus
Cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nothus
Menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus littorais
Micropogonias unduats
Diplectrumformosum
Mycteroperca bonaci
Archosargus probatocephalus
Lagodon rhomboides
Trichiurus lepturus

Ariopsis felis ca)

Bagre marinus }

Cathorops melanopus ass
80-81 98-99 10-11 16-17 80-81 98-99 10-11 16-17 80-81 98-99 10-11 16-17 80-81 98-99 10-11 16-17
Sampling campaign

Figure 3. EES

Composition and abundance (root square transformation) of commercially important fish
species after Ayala-Pérez et al. (2015) recorded by the sampling campaign and zone in the
Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico.

Temporal coverage

Notes: 1 February 1980 — 17 August 2017.

Usage licence
Usage licence: Other

IP rights notes: Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License.

14 Paz-Rios C et al

Data resources

Data package title: Fish occurrence data in the Terminos Lagoon, Campeche.

Resource link: http://ipt.iobis.org/caribbeanobis/archive.do?r=fish_campeche
Alternative identifiers: http://ipt.iobis.org/caribbeanobis/resource?r=fish_campeche

Number of data sets: 1

Data set name: Fish occurrence data in the Terminos Lagoon, Campeche.

Character set: UTF-8.

Download URL: hittps:/Awww.gbif.org/dataset/1f7bb798-150d-44c2-b7a6-372f341e5ff4

Data format: Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A).

Data format version: 1.3

Description: The dataset presents an occurrence data sheet with 28 columns including
information for 1,249 records (Paz-Rios and Sosa-Lopez 2021).

Column label

eventID

parentEventID

samplingProtocol
eventDate

identifiedBy

waterbody
country
countryCode

decimalLatitude

decimalLongitude

geodeticDatum

Column description

An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a

place and time).

An event identifier for the super-event which is composed of one or more sub-sampling

events.
The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an Event.
The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred.

A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations who

assigned the Taxon to the subject.

The name of the water body in which the Location occurs.

The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs.
The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs.

The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in

geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location.

The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in

geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location.

Spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in

decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based.

Fish species richness in the Terminos Lagoon: An occurrence data compilation ... 15

occurrencelD

individualCount
occurrenceStatus

preparations

associatedReferences

institutionCode

datasetName
basisOfRecord

dataGeneralisations

scientificNamelD

scientificName

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family

taxonRank

An identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the
occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a
combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the occurrencelD

globally unique.
The number of individuals represented present at the time of the Occurrence.
A statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location.

A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a

specimen.

A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference,

global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence.

The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or

information referred to in the record.
The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived.
The specific nature of the data record.

Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form.

Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.

The full scientific name (with authorship and date information if known. => add to

scientificNameAuthorship).

The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.

The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.

The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.

The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.

The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.

Additional information

Ethics statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Applicable
international and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the
authors. All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been
obtained by the authors from the competent authorities.

16 Paz-Rios C et al

Acknowledgements

To Ana Carolina Peralta (Universidad Simon Bolivar, Venezuela) for her valuable
assistance for managing the data into GBIF and OBIS; to the journal's reviewers for their
comments/suggestions to improve the paper. We thank the kind assistance of Jon Fong
(California Academy of Science) for assembling the taxonomic classification. CEPR thank
the CONACYT postdoctoral scholarship.

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