Research Article Journal of Orthoptera Research 2023, 32(2): 177-188 Mantodea of Iran: A review-based study MAHMOOD KOLNEGARI! 1 Avaye Dornaye Khakestari Institute, Arak, Markazi province, Iran. Corresponding author: Mahmood Kolnegari (mahkolnegari@yahoo.com) Academic editor: Matan Shelomi | Received 11 November 2022 | Accepted 27 April 2023 | Published 25 September 2023 https://zoobank. org/10A87F20-AAE5-45F7-AA97-3823DC358759 Citation: Kolnegari M (2023) Mantodea of Iran: A review-based study. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 177-188. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.97388 Abstract Scattered taxonomic data can be used to determine the geographic dis- tribution of arthropods such as Mantodea (mantids). The distribution of mantids is not well known in Iran and not readily determined because the literature has been published in a mix of Persian-language and non-Persian- language scientific references, including books, journals, annual congress proceedings, and final reports of academic projects. To create a national checklist of mantids in Iran, I reviewed 35 Persian and non-Persian (Eng- lish, German, and Italian) publications. I recorded 57 praying mantid spe- cies from 9 families described from localities across Iran. I identified 18 spe- cies—Ameles decolor, Ameles heldreichi, Ameles picteti, Ameles spallanzania, Elaea marchali, Empusa pennata, Eremiaphila andresi, Eremiaphila cerisy, Eremiaphila turcica, Geomantis larvoides, Iris coeca, Iris pitcheri, Oxyothespis wagneri, Pareuthy- phlebs palmonii, Pseudoyersinia paui, Rivetina baetica, Severinia nigrofasciata, and Severinia turcomaniae—with records in Iran that may be incorrect based on geographic ranges that do not include Iran and similarity to other species that do occur in Iran. In the proposed checklist comprising 39 species, the fam- ily Rivetinidae, with 9 species, and the 2 families Amorphoscelidae and Na- nomantidae, with 1 species each, comprised the greatest and least diversity, respectively. This checklist can facilitate future studies on Iran’s mantodeans. Keywords checklist, Middle East, Persia, praying mantis Introduction Ancient records indicate that mantids have long been a part of human culture (Evans 2004), including humans in the Persian Plateau of Iran where mantids are depicted in ancient rock art (Kolnegari et al. 2020) and used in traditional medicine (Kolne- gari pers. obs.). At 1,648,195 km, Iran is currently the 18" largest country and is located in the Middle East region of southwestern Asia. Iran is bordered to the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turk- menistan, and the Caspian Sea; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf; and to the west by Iraq and Turkey. About one-third of its 7,680- km boundary is seacoast (Davoudzadeh 1997). Iran includes three climatic zones: Mediterranean to the south, arid West Asian to the east and west, and temperate humid/semi- humid Caspian zone to the north (Esmaeili et al. 2017). Several major biogeographical regions meet in this country, including the Palearctic, Eremic, and Oriental, which support a broad range of arthropod diversity (Zohary 1973, Olson et al. 2001). This in- cludes a diversity of praying mantids that has been largely over- looked by native entomologists focused on species more impor- tant to agriculture (Kolnegari 2022). Recently, mantid research in Iran has led to significant find- ings, including the identification of a new species (i.e., Holaptilon brevipugilis Kolnegari, 2018). This discovery highlights the poten- tial for new discoveries resulting from more thorough taxonom- ic surveys in Iran. In anticipation of future taxonomic surveys, I undertook a literature review of Mantodea in Iran. Herein, I report the results, and in so doing, I provide the first checklist of the mantids of Iran. Material and method I reviewed the database of a national organization, the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), which is regarded as the most important scientific organization working on arthropods in the country. The IRIPP’s database consists of books, research articles, and annual congresses proceedings archived since 1946 (IRIPP 2022). I also reviewed two comprehensive books entitled Mantodea - Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt (Ehrmann 2002) and Praying Mantids; From Cognition to Conservation (Kolnegari 2022). Moreover, I used Google to search for the keywords “Man- todea”, “mantis”, “Iran”, and “Persia” in English and Persian. | used these sources to create a national checklist of mantids in Iran. I adjusted the list to reflect current nomenclature and classification as indicated in the Mantodea Species File (Schwarz and Roy 2019, Otte et al. 2023) and in the latest relevant publications (Shcherba- kov and Savitsky 2015, Villani 2020). In implementing these ad- justments, I consolidated temporal and cross-language synonyms. I also documented records describing species that, if present in Iran, would be geographically highly isolated from their recog- nized ranges, and I identified these records as doubtful. The global distribution of each species was assembled by consolidating the local or regional range maps provided by pre- vious researchers (Kaltenbach 1963, Kaltenbach 1982, Ehrmann Copyright Mahmood Kolnegari. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) 178 2002, Abu-Dannoun and Katbeh-Bader 2007, Ehrmann 2011, Ka- mal Mohammad et al. 2011, Caesar et al. 2015, Shcherbakov and Savitsky 2015, Akhmedov and Kholmatov 2019, Ali Panhwar et al. 2020, Villani 2020). Results I identified 57 species from nine families documented in 35 sources (Table 1). For around 80% of species, source material in- dicated a type location in a specific area, city, or province (n = 46) (Fig. 1). I consider 18 reported species—Ameles decolor (Charpen- tier, 1825), Ameles heldreichi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882, Ameles picteti (Saussure, 1869), Ameles spallanzania (Rossi, 1792), Elaea marchali (Reiche & Fairmaire, 1847), Empusa pennata (Thunberg, 1815), Eremiaphila andresi Werner, 1910, Eremiaphila cerisy Lefeb- vre, 1835, Eremiaphila turcica Westwood, 1889, Geomantis larvoides larvoides Pantel, 1896, Iris coeca Uvarov, 1931, Iris pitcheri Kalten- bach, 1982, Oxyothespis wagneri (Kittary, 1849), Pareuthyphlebs pal- monii (Uvarov, 1939), Pseudoyersinia paui (Bolivar, 1898), Rivetina baetica baetica (Rambur, 1838), Severinia nigrofasciata Kaltenbach, 1982, and Severinia turcomaniae Saussure, 1872—as doubtful due to large separations between their recognized ranges, the locations indicated in Iran, and to their similarity to very similar species known to occur in Iran. Thus, the proposed checklist consists of 39 species with a high degree of certainty. The families Rivetinidae and Eremiaphilidae accounted for the highest number of Manto- deans in Iran (n = 9 and n = 8, respectively) (Table 2). Table 1. Literature used in the review-based study of Iran’s Mantodea. No. / Scientific publication No. / Scientific publication Code Code al Bagheri and Tajvand 2008 19 Mirzaee and Sadeghi 2021 2 Beier 1956 20 Mofidi-Neyestanak 2000 3 Bolivar 1911 21 Mofidi-Neyestanak 2015a 4 Bolivar 1913 22 Mofidi-Neyestanak 2015b 5 Brunner Von Wattenwyl 1878 23 Moradzadeh et al. 2021 6 Burr 1899 24 Morshedi Aghbolagh et al. 2012 7 Deeleman-Reinhold 1957 25 Rabieh et al. 2016 8 Ebner 1963 26 Ramme 1951 9 Ehrmann 2002 27 Rouhani et al. 2015 10 Ghahari and El-Den Nasser 2014 28 Sadeghi and Sadeghi 2015 11 Jamali and Mofidi-Neyestanak 2013 29 Sakenin et al. 2011 12 Kolnegari 2022 30 Samin et al. 2016 13 Kolnegari et al. 2022 31 Saussure 1870 14 Kolnegari and Vafaei-shoushtari 2018 32 Uvarov 1922 15 La Greca and Lombardo 1982 33 Uvarov 1938 16 La Greca and Lombardo 1987 34 Werner 1905 17 Mirzaee and Pashaei Rad 2017 35 Werner 1930 18 Mirzaee and Sadeghi 2019 Table 2. Iran’s Mantodea families and number of their species in the country. Family Rivetinidae 9 Eremiaphilidae Mantidae Number of species Empusidae 8 6 4 Gonypetidae 4 Amelidae 3 Toxoderidae 3 Nanomantidae 1 1 Amorphoscelidae M. KOLNEGARI oO ie] 50E 60 E 36 N 26 N Fig. 1. Map of Iran with administrative divisions (provinces) la- beled and colored to indicate the relative diversity of Mantodea species (number of identified species). Abbreviations: Alborz (AL), Ardabil (AR), Bushehr (BU), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (CB), East Azerbaijan (EA), Fars (FA), Golestan (GO), Hamedan (HA), Hormozgan (HO), Ilam (IL), Iranian islands of Persian Gulf (IP), Isfahan (IS), Kerman (KE), Kermanshah (KS), Khuz- estan (KH), Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (KB), Kurdistan (KU), Lorestan (LO), Markazi (MA), Mazandaran (MZ), North Khorasan (NK), Qazvin (QA), Qom (QO), Razavi Khorasan (RK), Semnan (SE), Sistan & Baluchistan (SB), South Khorasan (SK), Tehran (TE), West Azerbaijan (WA), Yazd (YA), Zanjan (ZA). Institutional abbreviations. — BMNH British Museum, Natural History, London; HMIM_Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Tehran; IAUA Islamic Azad University of Arak, Markazi; INER _ Istituto Nazionale di Entomologia, Rome; MBAC_ Museo del Dipartimento di Biologia Animale dell'Universita Catania; MHNG Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva; MNMS Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid; NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; NHRS_ Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm; NHTM_ Natural History and Technology Museum, Shiraz University; RMNH_ Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden; SMNS | Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart; ZMSU_ Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Fars. Checklist of mantids of Iran The checklist is presented following alphabetic order. The list of references referring to a species are presented under backets af- ter the species name. Genus Aethalochroa Wood-Mason, 1877 1- Aethalochroa ashmoliana (Westwood, 1841) [2] [9] [21] Other names.—Vates ashmoliana Westwood, 1841; Popa ashmoliana (Westwood, 1841); Arsacia ashmoliana (Westwoood, 1841). JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) M. KOLNEGARI Iranian localities. —Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr) [2]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—India, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Bengal. Genus Ameles Burmeister, 1838 2- Ameles arabica Uvarov, 1939 [10] Iranian localities. —Hormozgan Province (Haji-Abad) [10]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Iran, Saudi Arabia. 3- Ameles persa Bolivar, 1911 [2] [3] [9] [10] [12] [17] [18] [19] [21] [25] [27] [28] Fig. 2G Type locality.—Khuzestan Province (Kuh-sefid, Shimbar) [3]. Type specimen.—MNMS [3]. Iranian localities.—Fars Province [19] [28]; Fars Province (Shiraz) [12]; Isfahan Province (Ardestan) [10]; Kurdistan Province [27]; Kurdistan Province (Sanandaj) [12]; Lorestan Province (Kuh- dasht) [18]; Markazi Province (Arak, Saveh, Shazand) [12]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Kuhe-Taftan, Makran, Sangan) [2]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Province [17]. Iranian repository —HMIM [21]; IAUA [12]; NHTM [28]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Armenia, Iran, Turkmenistan. 4- Ameles syriensis Giglio-Tos, 1915 [29] [30] Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Meshkin-Shahr) [29]; Ilam Province (Ilam) [30]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Iran, Jordan, Syria, Turkey. Amorphoscelis Stal, 1871 5- Amorphoscelis pantherina Roy, 1966 [10] [12] [19] Fig. 2F Iranian localities. —Hormozgan Province (Minab) [10]; Fars Prov- ince [12] [19]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Iran, Iraq, Turkey. Armene Stal, 1877 6- Armene pusilla (Eversmann, 1859) [10] [21] Other names.—Mantis pusilla Eversmann, 1859. 179 Iranian localities. —Kurdistan Province (Bijar) [10]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Iran, Mongolia, Russia, Tajik- istan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Blepharopsis Rehn, 1902 7- Blepharopsis mendica (Fabricius, 1775) [2] [9] [10] [12] [18] [19] [21] [25] [29] Fig. 3G Other names.—Mantis mendica Fabricius, 1775; Gryllus monstrosus Forskal, 1775; Blepharis mendica (Fabricius, 1775); Mantis dilaticol- lis Gistel, 1856. Iranian localities. —Fars Province [19]; Fars Province (Khonj) [12]; Isfahan Province (Aran & Bidgol) [12]; Lorestan Province (Kuh- dasht) [18]; Markazi Province (Saveh) [12]; North Khorasan Prov- ince (Bojnurd) [29]; Qom Province (Qom) [12]; Sistan & Balu- chistan Province (Bampur [10], Konarak [12], Iranshahr, Khash, Kuhe-Taftan, Makran, Sangan [2]); South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Province [12]; Yazd Province (Naein) [12]. Iranian repository— HMIM [21]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Algeria, Canary Islands, Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, NW India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Somalia, Su- dan, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Bolivaria Stal, 1877 8- Bolivaria brachyptera (Pallas, 1773) [2] [6] [9] [10] [12] [17] [18] [19] [21] [23] [25] [27] [28] [29] Fig. 2H Other names.—Mantis brachyptera Pallas, 1773; Iris brachyptera (Pal- las, 1773). Iranian localities. —Fars Province [19] [28]; Gilan Province (Lahi- jan) [23]; Hamedan Province (Nahavand) [28]; Isfahan Province (Kashan [2], Khomeini Shahr [12]); Khuzestan Province (Izeh) [10]; Kurdistan Province [27]; Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Markazi Province (Arak, Shazand) [12]; Mazandaran Province [2]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Province [17]; Tehran Prov- ince (Ab-ali [2], Darakeh [12]); West Azerbaijan Province (Piran- shahr [29], Kaboodan Island of Urmia Lake [6]]). Iranian repository —HMIM [21]; IAUA [12]; NHTM [28]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Armenia, Crete Island, Iran, Mongolia, Palestine, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Elaea Stal, 1877 9- Elaea richteri Beier, 1956 [2] [8] [12] Fig. 2B Type locality.—Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr) [2]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) 180 M. KOLNEGARI Fig. 2. Photographs of some Mantodea species identified in Iran. A. Empusa pennicornis; B. Elaea richteri; C. Iris oratoria; D. Eremiaphila persica; E. Oxyothespis persica; F. Amorphoscelis pantherina; G. Ameles persa; H. Bolivaria brachyptera; 1. Iris nana. Reprinted from M. Kolne- gari “Praying Mantids.—From Cognition to Conservation” (Avaye Dornaye Khakestari Institute 2022). JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) M. KOLNEGARI 181 Fig. 3. Photographs of some Mantodea species identified in Iran. A. Mantis religiosa; B. Empusa pennicornis; C. Blepharopsis mendica; D. Nilomantis floweri; E. Holaptilon brevipugilis. Reprinted from M. Kolnegari “Praying Mantids.—From Cognition to Conservation” (Avaye Dornaye Khakestari Institute 2022). Type specimen.—SMNS [2]. ince (Sahneh) [30]; Kurdistan Province [27]; Razavi Khorasan Province (Sarakhs) [29]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Iranian localities. —Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Khash [8], Ko- Province [17]. narak [12]). Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Iranian repository.—IAUA [12]. Global distribution.—Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, India, Iran, Is- Global distribution.—Iran. rael, Jordan, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey. Empusa Illiger, 1798 11- Empusa hedenborgii Stal, 1877 [2] [9] [10] [12] [17] [18] 10- Empusa fasciata Brullé, Other names.—Empusa stollii Saussure, 1871. 1832 [9] [17] [19] [21] [23] [25] [27] [29] [30] Iranian localities. Khuzestan Province (Ahwaz) [10]; Lorestan Iranian localities. Fars Province [19]; Gilan Province (Lahijan) Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iran- [23]; Ilam Province (Darrehshahr) [30]; Kermanshah Proy- shahr [2], Konarak [12]); Tehran Province [17]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) 182 Iranian repository.—IAUA [12]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Cameroon, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, North Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, United Arab Emir- ates, Yemen. 12- Empusa pennicornis Lindt, 1978 [2] [9] [10] [12] [17] [19] [20] [21] [22] [28] [29] [30] Figs 2A, 3B Other names.—Mantis pennicornis Pallas, 1773; Gongylus marginatus Thunberg, 1815; Empusa orientalis Burmeister, 1838. Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Meshkin-Shahr) [29]; Fars Province [19] [28]; Ilam Province (Mehran) [30]; Iranian islands of Persian Gulf [20]; Kermanshah Province (Javanrud) [30]; Kurd- istan Province (Sanandaj) [10]; Markazi Province (Arak, Farahan, Khondab, Shazand) [12]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Khash, Kuhe-Taftan, Saravan) [2]; South Khorasan Province [2]; Tehran Province [17]; Tehran Province (Taleghan) [12]. Iranian repository —HMIM [20] [21] [22]; IAUA [12]; NHTM [28]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, China, Georgia, _ Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Eremiaphila Lefebvre, 1835 13- Eremiaphila arabica Saussure, 1871 [21] Other names.—Eremiaphila dawydowi Werner, 1905. Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Egypt, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Saudi Ara- bia, Yemen. 14- Eremiaphila gene Lefebvre, 1835 [9] [10] [25] [29] Other names.—Eremiaphila burmeisteri Saussure, 1871; Eremiaphila hauensteini Werner, 1905. Iranian localities. —East Azerbaijan Province (Arasbaran) [29]; Golestan Province (Gonbad) [29]; Isfahan Province (Isfahan) [10]; South Khorasan Province [25]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution. —Afghanistan, Armenia, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jor- dan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen. 15- Eremiaphila persica persica Werner, 1905 [2] [10] [12] [20] [21] [34] Fig. 2D Type locality.—Khorasan Province [34]. Type specimen.—ZMAS [34]. M. KOLNEGARI Iranian localities.—Iranian islands of Persian Gulf [20]; Isfahan Province (Kashan) [2]; Kerman Province (Jiroft) [10]; Markazi Province (Arak) [12]; South Khorasan Province (Birjand) [2]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [20] [21]; IAUA [12]. Global distribution.—Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey. - Eremiaphila persica sjostedti Werner, 1930 [21] [35] Type locality.—Bushehr Province [35]. Type specimen.—NHRS [35]. Iranian localities. unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Iran, Pakistan. Hierodula Burmeister, 1838 16- Hierodula macrostigmata Deeleman-Reinhold, 1957 [7] Type locality.—Hormozgan Province (Jask) [7]. Type specimen.—RMNH [7]. Global distribution.—Iran. 17- Hierodula tenuidentata Saussure, 1869 [19] [29] [33] Other names.—Hierodula simulacrum (Fabricius, 1793); Sphodromantis tenuidentata (Saussure, 1869); Hierodula heterodera Westwood, 1889. Iranian localities. —Fars Province [19]; Tehran Province (Shahr-e Rey) [33]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Afghanistan, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. 18- Hierodula transcaucasica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 [2] [5] [10] [11] [12] [17] [21] [23] [24] [25] [29] Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; Gilan Province [2]; Gilan Province (Lahijan) [23]; Kerman Province (Jiroft) [29]; Markazi Province (Arak) [12]; Mazandaran Province (Ghaem- shahr, Juybar, Namak-abrood, Ramsar, Sari) [11]; Razavi Khorasan Province (Mashhad) [10]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Zabol) [10]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Province [2] [17]. Type locality.—Golestan Province (Gorgan) [5]. Type specimen.—NHMW [5]. Iranian repository—HMIM [21] [24]; IAUA [12]. Global distribution. —Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Georgia, Iran, Russia; invasive in southern Europe. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) M. KOLNEGARI Holaptilon Beier, 1964 19- Holaptilon brevipugilis Kolnegari, 2018 [12] [14] Fig. 3E Iranian localities. —Markazi Province (Arak) [12]; Markazi Province (Haftad-gholeh Protected Area) [14]. Iranian repository.—IAUA [12] [14]. Global distribution.—Iran. Humbertiella Saussure, 1869 20- Humbertiella indica Saussure, 1869 [12] Other names.—Humbertiella africana Rehn, 1912. Iranian localities. —Sistan and Baluchistan Province (Konarak) [12]. Iranian repository.—IAUA [12]. Global distribution.—India, Iran, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Iris Saussure, 1869 21- Iris nana Uvarov, 1930 [9] [12] [17] [19] [21] [33] Fig. 21 Other names.—Iris radians Uvarov, 1931. Iranian localities. —Bushehr (Delvar) [12]; Fars Province [19]; Fars Province (Marvdasht) [33]; Semnan Province (Semnan) [12]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Konarak) [12]; Tehran Province [17]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan. 22- Iris oratoria (Linné, 1758) [9] [12] [17] [18] [19] [21] [24] pel [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Fig. 2 Other names.—Mantis oratorius Linné, 1758; Mantis minima Char- pentier, 1825. Iranian localities. —Alborz Province (Shahrestanak) [12], Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; Fars Province [19] [28]; Kerman Province [26]; Kermanshah Province (Kermanshah) [30]; Kurd- istan Province [27]; Kurdistan Province (Marivan) [12]; Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Markazi Province (Arak, Khondab, Shazand) [12]; North Khorasan Province (Bojnurd) [29]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Tehran Province [26] [17]. Iranian repository—HMIM [21] [24]; IAUA [12]; NHTM [28]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Albania, Algeria, Chad, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, North America, Palestine, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey; invasive in southwestern USA. 183 23- Iris persa Uvarov, 1922 [2] [8] [21] [32] Type locality.—Bushehr Province [32]. Type specimen.—BMNH [32]. Iranian localities. —Fars Province (Shiraz) [8]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr, Khash, Kuhe-Taftan, Saravan) [2]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Iran. 24- Iris polystictica (Fischer-Waldheim, 1846) [9] [41] [12] [17] [19] [22] [24] Other names.—Mantis polystictica Fischer-Waldheim, 1846; Iris tiflisina Giglio-Tos, 1915. Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; Fars Province [19]; Tehran Province [12] [17]; Mazandaran Province (Ghaem-shahr, Juybar, Sari) [11]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [11] [21] [24]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turk- menistan, Uzbekistan. 25- Iris splendida Uvarov, 1923 [10] [21] [25] Iranian localities. —Fars Province (Shiraz) [10]; Hormozgan Prov- ince (Bandar-Abbas) [10]; South Khorasan Province [25]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan. Lobothespis La Greca & Lombardo, 1987 26- Lobothespis vignai La Greca & Lombardo, 1987 [16] Type locality.—Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Hamun) [16]. Type specimen.—INER [16]. Global distribution.—Iran. Mantis Linné, 1758 27- Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, 1758 [1] [2] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [24] [25] [27] [28] [29] [30] Fig. 3A Other names.—Gryllus religiosus Linné, 1758; Mantis sancta Fab- ricius, 1787; Mantis maroccana Thunberg, 1815; Mantis capensis Saussure, 1872. Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; East Azerbaijan Province (Arasbaran) [29]; Fars Province [19] [28]; Fars Province (Kazeroon, Shiraz) [8] [10]; Hormozgan Province JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) 184 (Bandar-Abbas) [10]; [lam Province (Dehloran [10], Ilam [30]); Iranian islands of Persian Gulf [20]; Kerman Province (Manujan) [13]; Kermanshah Province (Javanrud, Kermanshah) [30]; Khuz- estan Province [1]; Kurdistan Province [27]; Kurdistan Province (Bijar) [10]; Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Mazandaran Prov- ince [2] [12]; Mazandaran Province (Ghaem-shahr, Chalous, Juy- bar, Mahmood-abad, Namak-abrood, Sari, Savadkuh) [11]; Razavi Khorasan Province (Mashhad, Sabzevar) [10] [29]; South Khorasan Province [25]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr) [2]; Teh- ran Province [12] [17]; West Azerbaijan Province (Urmia) [8] [29]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [11] [20] [21] [24]; NHTM [28]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Africa, Invasive in North America. Asia, Europe. Microthespis Werner, 1908 28- Microthespis dmitriewi Werner, 1908 [2] [9] [18] [19] [21] [30] Iranian localities. —Fars Province [19]; Kermanshah Province (Sah- neh) [30]; Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Sistan & Balu- chistan Province (Iranshahr, Saravan) [2]. Iranian repository—HMIM [21]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Bahrain, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 29- Microthespis evansi Uvarov, 1931 [21] Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository —HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Iran, Pakistan. Nilomantis Werner, 1907 30- Nilomantis floweri Werner, 1907 [9] [12] [21] Fig. 3D Other names.—Cryptomantis tenella Giglio-Tos, 1915; Nilomantis arabica Beier, 1930. Iranian localities. —Fars Province [12]; Hormozgan Provincen (Gheshm) [12]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Chad, Ethiopia, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Oxyothespis Saussure, 1870 31- Oxyothespis persica Bolivar, 1913 [2] [4] [10] [12] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [25] Fig. 2E Type locality.—Khuzestan Province (Gotvand, Shimbar) [4]. M. KOLNEGARI Type specimen.—MNMS [4]. Iranian localities.—Iranian islands of Persian Gulf [20]; Isfahan Province (Najaf-Abad) [10]; Fars Province [19]; Fars Province (Shi- raz) [12]; Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr, Makran) [2]; South Khorasan Province [25]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [20] [21] [22]; ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Iran, Pakistan. Rivetina Berland & Chopard, 1922 32- Rivetina caucasica caucasica (Saussure, 1871) [9] [18] [29] Other names.—lIris caucasica Saussure, 1871; Fischeria caucasica Sau- ssure, 1871. Iranian localities. Lorestan Province (Kuhdasht) [18]; West Azer- baijan Province (Maku) [29]. Iranian repository —ZMSU [18]. Global distribution.—Caucasus, Iran, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey. 33- Rivetina dolichoptera (Schulthess-Rechberg, 1894) [2] [9] Other names.—Bolivaria dolichoptera Schulthess-Rechberg, 1894; Fischeria dolichoptera (Schulthess-Rechberg, 1894). Iranian localities. —Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr, Khash, Kuhe-Taftan, Saravan) [2]; South Khorasan Province (Birjand) [2]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 34- Rivetina excellens Beier, 1956 [2] Type locality.—Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr) [2]. Type specimen.—SMNS [2]. Global distribution.—Iran, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 35- Rivetina inermis inermis (Uvarov, 1923) [19] [21] Other names.—Fischeria inermis Uvarov, 1923. Iranian localities. —Fars Province [19]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. - Rivetina inermis iranica La Greca & Lombardo, 1982 [15] Type locality.—Bushehr Province [15]. Type specimen.—MBAC [15]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) M. KOLNEGARI Global distribution.—Bahrain, Iran. - Rivetina inermis (not assigned to subspecies) [25] [28] Iranian localities. —Fars Province [28]; South Khorasan Province [25]. Iranian repository.—NHTM [28]. 36- Rivetina rhombicollis La Greca & Lombardo, 1982 [15] Type locality.—Sistan and Baluchistan Province [15]. Type specimen.—MBAC [15], SMNS [15]. Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan. 37- Rivetina syriaca syriaca (Saussure, 1869) [21] Other names.—Iris syriaca Saussure, 1869; Fischeria festae Giglio- Tos, 1916; Eufischeriella festae (Giglio-Tos, 1916); Rivetina festae (Giglio-Tos, 1916). Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Tran- scaspia, Turkey. Sphodromantis Stal, 1871 38- Sphodromantis trimacula (Saussure, 1870) [31] Other names.—Hierodula trimacula Saussure, 1870; Hierodula arabi- ca Wood-Mason, 1882; Sphodromantis arabica Wood-Mason, 1882; Sphodromantis dhufarica Uvarov, 1933. Type locality.—unknown. Type specimen.—BMNH [31]; MHNG [31]. Global distribution.—Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Ara- bia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 39- Sphodromantis viridis (Forskal, 1775) [11] [12] [21] [24] [29] [30] Other names.—Gryllus viridis Forskal, 1775; Mantis guttata Thun- berg, 1815; Mantis bioculata Burmeister, 1838; Hierodula biocu- lata (Burmeister, 1838); Sphodromantis bioculata (Burmeister, 1838). Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; East Azerbaijan Province (Arasbaran) [29]; Fars Province (Shiraz) [12]; Kermanshah Province (Kermanshah) [30]; Mazandaran Province (Ghaem-shahr, Kelardasht, Ramsar, Sari, Savadkuh, Shirgah) [11]; Sistan and Baluchistan Province (Konarak) [12]. Iranian repository—HMIM [11] [21] [24]. Global distribution.—Algeria, Chad, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethi- opia, Jordan, Iran, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Mauretania, Morocco, 185 Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Yemen. Species likely misidentified in primary literature 1- Ameles decolor (Charpentier, 1825) [21] [24] Other names.—Mantis decolor Charpentier, 1825. Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]. Iranian repository— HMIM [21] [24]. Global distribution.—Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Spain. Note.—The easternmost occurrence of the species is along the north- eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. No confirmed Asian records of this species exist (Kaltenbach 1963, Agabiti et al. 2010, Villani 2020). 2- Ameles heldreichi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 [29] Other names.—Parameles heldreichi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882). Iranian localities. —East Azerbaijan Province (Arasbaran) [29]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Pales- tine, Turkey. Note.—The easternmost distribution of the species includes Crimea, Central Anatolia, and the eastern Mediterranean coast. 3- Ameles picteti (Saussure, 1869) [10] [21] Other names.—Parameles picteti Saussure, 1869; Mantis nana Char- pentier, 1825. Iranian localities. —Semnan Province (Shahrud) [10]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Spain. Note.—This species has not been recorded away from western Mediterranean coasts (Agabiti et al. 2010). 4- Ameles spallanzania (Rossi, 1792) [21] Other names.—Mantis spallanzania Rossi, 1792; Mantis nana Char- pentier, 1825; Ameles abjecta Bolivar, 1897. Tranian localities —unknown. Iranian repository —HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Albania, Algeria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia. Note.—The easternmost occurrence of this species is Cyprus (Aga- biti et al. 2010). JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) 186 5- Elaea marchali (Reiche & Fairmaire, 1847) [21] Other names.—Eremiaphila marchali Reiche & Fairmaire, 1847; Humbertiella perloides Saussure, 1869; Elaea perloides (Saussure, 1869); Elaea somalica Schulthess-Schindler, 1898. Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan. Note.—This species is mainly found throughout the savanna re- gions of Northern Africa. No confirmed records of this species ex- ist outside the Ethiopian region. 6- Empusa pennata (Thunberg, 1815) [2] [9] [10] [11] [21] [24] Other names.—Gongylus pennatus Thunberg, 1815; Empusa pau- perata (Fabricius, 1781); Empusa egena Charpentier, 1841; Empusa brachyptera Fischer-Waldheim, 1846. Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]; Mazandaran Province (Ghaem-shahr, Namak-abrood, Ramsar, Sa- vad-kuh, Shirgah) [11]; Sistan & Baluchistan Province (Iranshahr [2], Zahedan [10]). Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Algeria, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia. Note.—This is a western Mediterranean species. The easternmost distribution of it includes Istria (Kaltenbach 1963). 7- Eremiaphila andresi Werner, 1910 [30] Iranian localities. —llam Province (Darrehshahr) [30]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Egypt, Iraq, Libya. 8- Eremiaphila cerisy Lefebvre, 1835 [9] Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Egypt, Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. 9- Eremiaphila turcica Westwood, 1889 [9| Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Iraq, Turkey. M. KOLNEGARI 10- Geomantis larvoides larvoides Pantel, 1896 [29] Other names.—Fischeria baetica Pantel, 1886. Iranian localities. —Gilan Province (Astara) [29]. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Albania, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Mo- rocco, North Africa, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey. Note.—This species has not been recorded away from Mediterra- nean coasts. 11- Iris coeca Uvarov, 1931 [10] [21] Iranian localities. —llam Province (Dehloran) [10]. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen. 12- Iris pitcheri Kaltenbach, 1982 [21] Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution. —Saudi Arabia. 13- Oxyothespis wagneri (Kittary, 1849) [9] Other names.—Mantis wagneri Kittary, 1849. Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—? Global distribution.—Afghanistan, Kazakhstan. 14- Pareuthyphlebs palmonii (Uvarov, 1939) [21] Other names.—Xenomantis palmonii Uvarov, 1939. Iranian localities. —unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Israel, Jordan, Palestine. Note.—Distribution of the species is limited to distinct regions of the Middle East along Mediterranean coasts. 15- Pseudoyersinia paui (Bolivar, 1898) [24] Other names.—Ameles paui Bolivar, 1898; Parameles paui (Villa- ni 2020). Iranian localities. —Ardabil Province (Dasht-e Moghan) [24]. Iranian repository—HMIM [24]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH 2023, 32(2) M. KOLNEGARI Global distribution.—Spain. Note.—This species has been recorded only in Spain. 16- Rivetina baetica baetica (Rambur, 1838) [12] [21] [22] [29] Other names.—Mantis baetica Rambur, 1838; Mantis fasciata Thun- berg, 1815; Fischeria baetica (Rambur, 1838). Iranian localities. —East Azerbaijan Province (Arasbaran) [29]; Markazi Province (Arak, Farahan) [12]. Iranian repository—HMIM [21] [22]; IAUA [12]. Global distribution.—Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Italy, Libya, Malta, Mau- ritania, Morocco, Senegal, Spain, Tunisia. Note.—This species mainly occurs in Northern Africa and South- ern Europe (La Greca and Lombardo 1982). 17- Severinia nigrofasciata Kaltenbach, 1982 [21] Iranian localities. unknown. Iranian repository.—HMIM [21]. Global distribution.—Saudi Arabia. 18- Severinia turcomaniae Saussure, 1872 [28] Other names.—Oxythespis turcomaniae Saussure, 1872. Iranian localities. —Fars Province [28]. Iranian repository.—NHTM [28]. Global distribution.—Mongolia, Turkestan. Discussion This study demonstrates the potential significance of Iranian re- positories for future investigations. However, to validate the primary identification of Iranian repositories, the specimens need to be prop- erly preserved. Unfortunately, some have been poorly preserved in lo- cal institutions where they are prone to accidental destruction or loss (Kolnegari pers. obs.). The Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) has solved these problems by limiting access to voucher specimens. This ensures conservation of the largest insect collection of Iran with over four million specimens (IRIPP 2022) but simultaneously creates a challenge to documenting the history and distribution of mantids in Iran. At least 35 mantid specimens likely housed in the HMIM should be included in future study of the Mantodea of Iran. Although the number of mantids documented in Iran is rela- tively small to date (i.e., approximately 2% of globally identified mantids), the large size of the country and the relative paucity of information on its invertebrate community make it likely that Iran contains undocumented mantid taxa. This is particularly true of the western half of Iran where two main mountain ranges (Alborz and Zagros) have been described as cradles of unique floristic and faunistic diversity (Zohary 1973, Esmaeili et al. 2017). Systematic surveys appear to have never occurred in four 187 provinces in western Iran, including Chaharmahal and Bakh- tiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Qazvin, and Zanjan (Fig. 1). Moreover, each of the 17 known ecoregions of Iran—particularly marginal ecoregions—could be highly important from a zoog- eographical perspective (Olson et al. 2001), but they were not considered in previous studies. Therefore, conducting systematic surveys in mantid habitats in the unexplored provinces and in all ecoregions of Iran could lead to taxonomically and faunistically significant achievements. Acknowledgements I thank Ms. Mandana Hazrati for her generous support and Dr. James F. Dwyer for English editing of the manuscript. Valuable suggestions provided by Christian Jiirgen Schwarz and two anony- mous reviewers greatly improved this work. References Abu-Dannoun O, Katbeh-Bader A (2007) Mantodea of Jordan. 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