Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e101629 CO) doi: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e101629 open access Taxonomy & Inventories Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) Long Chun-Sheng?*§, Wu You-Peng?, Zhang Xu*, Lin Yan*, Shen Xiang-Chun$!-14, Ma Jian*, LI Qi-RuiS!-1+ $ State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China § The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China | The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, China 4] The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, China # College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China Corresponding author: LI Qi-Rui (Iqrnd2008@163.com) Academic editor: Ning Jiang Received: 08 Feb 2023 | Accepted: 17 Apr 2023 | Published: 15 May 2023 Citation: Chun-Sheng L, You-Peng W, Xu Z, Yan L, Xiang-Chun §S, Jian M, Qi-Rui L (2023) Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes). Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e101629. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e101629 Abstract Background Yungui Plateau is rich in fungal diversity. Hyphomycetes, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy. During an investigation of hyphomycetes in this region, 19 species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were collected in Yungui Plateau. © Chun-Sheng L et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Chun-Sheng L et al New information Both morphological identification and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, tef1 and LSU sequences supported Coryneum sevenseptatis as a new species. Phaeoisaria guizhouensis and Pleurothecium yunanensis were introduced, based on morphology. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species were detailed. Known species are listed with notes. Keywords Guizhou, karst area, new taxa, phylogenetic analysis, taxonomy Introduction Coryneum firstly described by Nees based on the C. umbonatum Nees, 1816 (Nees von Esenbeck 1816). Some synapomorphies between Coryneaceae and Pseudovalsaceae like having black perithecia, often immersed in wood, asci that deliquesce at maturity and an asexual morph with transversely distoseptate brown conidia, are regarded as the character of Coryneaceae and many species of this genus have been reported as phytopathogens causing tree canker (Sutton 1975, Rossman et al. 2007, Senanayake et al. 2017). In the recent decade, tens of species of Coryneum have been reported, and five species have been found in China (Rossman et al. 2015, Senanayake et al. 2017, Jiang et al. 2018, Senwanna et al. 2018, Jiang et al. 2019, Boonmee et al. 2021). Phaeoisaria was firstly described by Hohnel (1909) to accommodate P: bambusae Hohn., 1909 as the type species. This genus is characterised by conidiophores adpressed in parallel with numerous sympodially extending denticulate conidiogenous cells and aseptate or septate ellipsoidal, obovoidal, fusiform-cylindrical to falcate, hyaline conidia (Hdhnel 1909, Hyde et al. 2018, Boonyuen et al. 2021) In the recent decade, increasing numbers of species of Phaeoisaria have been considered as new species (Crous et al. 2017, Hyde et al. 2018, Luo et al. 2019, Boonmee et al. 2021, Crous et al. 2021, Liu et al. 2022, Jayawardena et al. 2023). Pleurothecium was firstly described by Hdhnel (1919) to accommodate P recurvatumas (Morgan) H6hn. the type species. This genus is characterised by distinct brown conidiophores and polyblastic sympodially extended denticulate conidiogenous cells. The conidia are solitary, unicellular or septate, hyaline or pigmented (Matsushima 1975, Matsushima 1980, Cooper 2005, Reblova et al. 2012). In the recent decade, five species of Pleurothecium have been reported (Monteiro et al. 2016, Hyde et al. 2017, Luo et al. 2018, Shi et al. 2021, Jayawardena et al. 2023). Yungui Plateau is a typical karst landform including Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in south-western China (Wang et al. 2004). Guizhou Province is located in the east of Yungui Plateau. Its warm climate has led to the development of various subtropical flora in this Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 3 region. In the high-temperature area of the low latitude valley in the south, there are tropical elements and near-tropical vegetation types (Vu 2000). The environmental and biological factors resulting from the complicated geography and topography, highly variable climate conditions, diversified vegetation and forest type etc. provide an abundant and wide variety of favourable habitats and symbiotic hosts for the growth and reproduction of the fungi such as hyphomycetes (Wu 2000, Gulis and Suberkropp 2003, Wu and Zhuang 2008, Wijayawardene et al. 2021). Hyphomycetous taxa are mainly saprobic on plant residues, such as rotten wood, dead branches, bark and fallen leaves, as well as in soil and submerged substrates of freshwater (Pirozynski and Hodges 1973, GOncz6l and Revay 2003, Shirouzu and Harada 2008, Shirouzu et al. 2010, Ma 2012, Yen et al. 2012, Ma et al. 2015) and have a strong ability to degrade wood fibres (Shearer and Webster 1991, Hoffmann and Hering 2000, Zhang 2018). Amongst them, hyphomycetes growing on rotten wood account for a large part. At present, more than 1400 genera of asexual hyphomycetes have been recognised all over the world (Seifert and Gams 2011). Fungal diversity in Yungui Plateau is high, but still mostly unexplored. During an investigation of hyphomycetes associated with plant residues in this region, nineteen species were identified from rotting wood, including three new species that are described below. Materials and methods Sample collection and isolation Decaying wood with fungi were collected from forests in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces. The samples were placed in paper bags and brought to the laboratory. Specimens were examined using an OLYMPUS SZ6 dissecting microscope. Photomicrographs were taken using a Cannon EOS 700D camera attached to a Nikon ECLIPSE Ni compound microscope. Measurements were made using the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work programme. Dimensions of anatomical features were shown followed Kurniawati et al. (2010). Figures were processed with Adobe Photoshop CS6 software (Adobe Systems. USA) without modification of morphological characteristics (Dong et al. 2020). Singer spore isolations were used for obtaining pure cultures (Choi et al. 1999). Germinating conidia with a small amount of medium were individually transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium plates under a stereomicroscope (Luo et al. 2018). Specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Guizhou Medical University (GMB) and the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany (KUN). The cultures were preserved in Guizhou Medical University Culture Collection (GMBC) (Table 1). Table 1. Chun-Sheng L et al Strains used in the phylogenetic tree and their culture accession and GenBank numbers. Strains from this study are in bold. SPECIES Asterosporium asterospermum Asterosporium asterospermum Chaetoconis polygoni Coryneum castaneicola Coryneum castaneicola Coryneum depressum Coryneum gigasporum Coryneum gigasporum Coryneum heveanum Coryneum heveanum Coryneum ilicis Coryneum ilicis Coryneum modonia Coryneum perniciosum Coryneum sinense Coryneum sinense Coryneum septemseptatum Coryneum septemseptatum Coryneum songshanense Coryneum songshanense Coryneum suttonii Coryneum suttonii Coryneum umbonatum Coryneum umbonatum Crinitospora pulchra Cytospora centrivillosa Cytospora centrivillosa Cytospora fertilis Cytospora melanodiscus Cytospora translucens Diaporthe azadirachtae Diaporthe eres Strain number KT2125 KT2138 CBS 405.95 CFCC 52315 CFCC 52316 AR 3897 G14 G15 MFLUCC 17-0369 MFLUCC 17-0376 CFCC 52994 CFCC 52995 AR 3558 CBS 130.25 GenBank Accession number ITS NA NA NA MH683559 MH683560 NA MK799957 MK799958 MH778707 MH778708 MK799948 MK799949 NA MH854812 X60 X23 GMB0393 GMB0392 CFCC 52997 CFCC 52998 217 Z63 CBS 199.68 AR 3541 CPC 22807 IT 2132 MFLU 17-0887 AR 3514 Jimslanding2 CZ320 TN 01 AR 5193 MK799952 MK799953 0Q540748 0Q560328 MK799946 MK799947 MK799955 MK799956 MH859114 NA KJ710466 MF 190122 MF 190123 NA JX438621 FJ755269 KC631323 KJ210529 LSU AB553743 AB553744 EU754141 MH683551 MH683552 EU683074 MK799944 MK799945 MH778703 MH778704 MK799935 MK799936 EU683073 MH866313 MK799939 MK799940 0Q540743 0Q560329 MK799933 MK799934 MK799942 MK799943 MH870828 EU683072 KJ710443 MF 190068 MF 190069 EU255210 NA FJ755269 NA M1T378367 tef NA NA NA MH685731 MH685732 NA MK799830 MK799831 NA MH780882 NA NA NA NA MK799825 MK799826 0Q540767 NA MK799822 MK799823 MK799828 MK799829 NA NA NA NA NA EU222018 JX438605 NA NA KJ210550 Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 5 SPECIES Strain number GenBank Accession number ITS LSU tef Diaporthe eres T-098 MF190138 MF190081 MF377595 Diaporthe maytenicola CPC 21896 KF 777157 KF777210 NA Hyaliappendispora galii MFLU 15-2269 ME190150 MFE190095 MF377587 Lamproconium desmazieri MFLUCC 15-0870 KX430134 KX430135 MF377591 Lamproconium desmazieri MFLUCC 15-0872 KX430138 KX430139 MF377593 Macrohilum eucalypti CPC 10945 DQ195781 DQ195793 NA Macrohilum eucalypti CPC 19421 KR873244 KR873275 NA Pachytrype princeps Rogers s.n. NA FJ532382 NA Pachytrype rimosa FF1066 NA FJ532381 NA Phaeoacremonium aleophilum CBS 631.94 AF 266647 AB278175 KF764643 Phaeoacremonium vibratile CBS 117115 KF764573 DQ649065 KF/64645 Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis TL 19 MF190157 MF190102 NA Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis MFLU 12-2131 MF190158 MF190103 NA Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata D77 KF 570156 KF570156 NA Prosopidicola mexicana CBS 113529 AY720709 KX228354 NA Prosopidicola mexicana CBS 113530 AY720710 NA NA Rossmania ukurunduensis AR 3484 NA EU683075 NA Stegonsporium acerophilum D5 EU039982 EU039993 EU040027 Stegonsporium pyriforme D2 EU039971 EU039987 EU040001 Stilbospora macrosperma CBS 121883 JX517290 JX517299 KF570235 Stilbospora macrosperma WJ 1840 NA AY616229 NA Sydowiella depressula CBS 813.79 NA EU683077 NA Sydowiella fenestrans CBS 125530 JF681956 EU683078 MK524463 DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing The mycelia cultured on PDA medium were scraped out and put into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube for DNA extraction. DNA Extraction Kit (E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA Kit, D3591, BIOMEGA, USA) was used for extraction of total DNA following its instructions. Three gene regions were amplified with universal primers. ITS1/ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS) (White et al. 1990), LROR/LRS5 for the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) (Vilgalys and Hester 1990), EF1-983F/EF1-2218R for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef) (Rehner and Buckley 2005, Hosaka et al. 2006) were used for PCR amplification. The PCR amplification solution included 12.5 ul of 2 x Tag PCR master mix, 9.5 pl of ddH20, 1 yl of DNA extraction, 1 yl of forward primer and 1 ul of 6 Chun-Sheng L et al reverse primer. The PCR products were sent to Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China, for sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses The sequences were pasted into the BLASTN for preliminary identification. All sequences were selected, based on the top hits and the latest literature (Boonyuen et al. 2021). The sequences were aligned with the Multiple Sequence Alignment Programme MAFFT (MAFFT 7.205) software (Katoh and Standley 2013). Then spurious sequences or poorly- aligned regions from a multiple sequence alignment were removed with the tool of TrimAl (Capella-Gutierrez et al. 2009). Alignment Transformation EnviRonment (http:/Awww.sing— group.org/alter/) was performed to convert the FASTA format to the phylp format (Glez- Pena et al. 2010). The Maximum Likelihood analysis was carried out with GTR+G+! model of site substitution by using RAXML 7.4.2 black box (https://www.phylo.org/, Stamatakis et al. (2008)). Bayesian analysis was performer with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001). The branch support was evaluated with a bootstrapping method of 1000 replicates (Hillis and Bull 1993). Posterior probabilities (PP) were determined by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) in MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The nucleotide substitution model was estimated by MrModelTest v.2.3 (Posada and Crandall 1998). Six simultaneous Markov chains were run for 2,000,000 generations and the trees were sampled each 100" generation. The first 25% of trees, greater than 0.95, are indicated at the nodes. When the value is less than 75/0.95, the value is represented by -/-. The tree is rooted to Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (CBS 631.94) and P. vibratile (CBS 117115). The new collections are in bold (Fig. 1). Taxon treatments Coryneum septemseptatum C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov. ° MycoBank 844574 Materials Holotype: a. scientificName: Coryneum septemseptatum; acceptedNameUsage: Coryneum septemseptatum C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov; parentNameUsage: Coryneum Nees 1816; kingdom: fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Sordariomycetes; order: Diaporthales; family: Coryneaceae; taxonRank: species; verbatim TaxonRank: species; genus: Coryneaceae; scientificNameAuthorship: C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian county; locality: Daxiaojing Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 562 m; locationRemarks: label transliteration : "Guizhou, Daxiaojing Forest Park , 2021.10.21,Long chun-sheng"[AdN S BBAIHRAAE , 202157108218 , BHA]; verbatimCoordinates: 23.2328N, 101.2364E; georeferenceProtocol: label; samplingProtocol: collecting; eventDate: 10/21/2021; habitat: decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun- Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; type: PhysicalObject; !anguage: en; institution|D: KUN- HKAS 12345; collection!D: GMB0392; institutionCode: The Herbarium of Cryptogams Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... Kunming Institute of Botany AcademiaSinica; occurrence!D: 15C96932-06C5-5908-8A9A-309902D78913 Other material: a. scientificName: Coryneum septemseptatum; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian county; locality: Daxiaojing Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 544 m; verbatimCoordinates: 23.8287°N, 101.4264°E; type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: KUN-HKAS 12345; collectioniID: GMBC0393; institutionCode: The Herbarium of Cryptogams Kunming Institute of Botany Academia Sinica; occurrence!D: 3ADA3585-EE9E-58A8-882A-ADDAA0B36DA2 Diaporthe maytenicola CPC 21896 Diaporthe eres AR 5193 Diaporthe azadirachtae TN 01 x Diaporthe eres T-098 Diaporthaceae Chaetoconis polygoni CBS 405.95 Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata D77 Hyailappendispora galii MFLU 15-2269 100/1 -Macrohilum eucalypti CPC 10945 7 Macrohilum eucalypti CPC 19421 Macrohilaceae 99/ Cytospora centrivillosa MFLU 17-0887 | Cytospora centrivillosa IT 2123 97/0.99 $3/0,98 88/1 Cytospora melanodiscus jimslanding2 Cytospora fertilis AR 3514 Cytosporaceae Cytospora translucens CZ320 Pachytrype princeps Rogers s.n. Pachytrype rimosa FF 1066 100/1 | Prosopidicola mexicana CBS 113530 Prosopidicola mexicana CBS 113529 Prosopidicolaceae 1090/1 Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis TL19 7 Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis MFLU 12-2131 Phaeoappendicosporaceae 100/1 Stilbospora macrosperma WJ 1840 81/- Stilbospora macrosperma CBS121883 100/1 Crinitospora pulchra CPC 22807 Stilbosporaceae 100/1 Stegonsporium acerophilum DS Stegonsporium pyriforme D2 Coryneum suttonii Z17 Coryneum suttonii Z63 Coryneum depressum AR3897 Coryneum sinense X23 Coryneum sinense X60 | Coryneum gigasporum G14 ‘ Fe Coryneum gigasporum G15 100/0.98 Coryneum umbonatum AR 3541 95/0.99 Coryneum modonia AR3558 77/0.98 Coryneum perniciosum CBS 130,25 820.99 Coryneum castaneicola CFCC 52316 Coryneaceae Coryneum umbonatum CBS 199.68 ~/0.99| 100/1,Coryneum ilicis CFCC 52994 Coryneum ilicis CFCC 52995 100/]\Coryneum septemseptatum GMB0392 \Coryneum septemseptatum GMB0393 100/1, Coryneum songshanense CFCC 52998 Coryneum songshanense CFCC 52997 100/1 Coryneum heveanum MFLUCC 17-0376 Coryneum heveanum MFLUCC 17-0369 99/0.98 Sydowiella depressula CBS 813.79 100/1 Sydowiella fenestrans CBS 125530 100/- Sydowiellaceae -/\ Rossmania ukurunduensis AR 3484 100/1 Lamproconium desmazieri MFLUCC 15-8070 L G Lamproconium desmazieri MFLUCC 15-80702 ISU CUE ts 100/0,99 Asterosporium asterospermun KT2138 . Asterosporium asterospermun KT2125 Asterosporiaceae L00/- Phaeoacremonium vibratile CBS 117115 Phaeoacremonium aleophilum CBS 631.94 Outgroup Figure 1. EESI The Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) tree, based on a combined dataset of ITS, LSU and fef1 sequences. Bootstrap support values for Maximum Likelihood (ML, left) equal to or greater than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BY, right), equal to or greater than 0.95, are indicated at the nodes. When the value is less than 75/0.95, the value is represented by -/-. The tree is rooted to Phaeoacremonium vibratile (CBS 117115) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (CBS 631.94). The new collections are in bold. MH780882 (tef sequence of Coryneum heveanum) cannot be used in Phylogenetic analyses due to the abnormal Phylogenetic tree. Chun-Sheng L et al Description Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 2). Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae. Sporodochia on natural subtrate scattered or clustered, punctiform, dark brown, 77-99 um wide, 27-44 um high. Conidiophores micronematous or semi-macronematous, simple, 0—3-septate, pale brown, 12-31 um long (x = 20 um, SD = 4.8, n = 15), 2.5-4 pm wide (x = 3.1 um, SD = 0.5, n = 15). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate, cylindrical and hyaline, with 0-1 percurrent extensions. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, dry, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, 34-46 um long (x = 40 um, SD = 3.7, n= 20), 14.5— 17 um wide (x = 15.5 um, SD = 0.9, n = 20), 7—8-septate, smooth, brown, hyaline at the top, 4.5-8.5 um (x = 5.9 um, SD = 1.1, n = 20) wide at the truncate base. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Figure 2. El Coryneum septemseptatum (holotype, GMB0392). A, B Conidiomata on the natural substratum; C—F Conidiogenous cells and Conidia; G Conidiophores. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C, F, G= 10 um, D = 50 um, E = 25 um. Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... ~ Etymology With reference to the conidia with 7-8 septa. Notes Amongst the known species of Coryneum, C. betulinum Schulzer, C. gregoryi B. Sutton, C. japonicum (Sacc.) B. Sutton and C. psidii B. Sutton are similar to C. sevenseptatum in conidial shape (Senwanna et al. 2018, Shavrin and Smetana 2020). However, the conidia of C. septemseptatum have 7-8 septa which differ from those of C. betulinum (4—5-septate), C. gregoryi (5—9-septate), C. japonicum (5—7-septate) and C. psidii (5—6-septate). Both morphological and molecular data (Fig. 1) supported C. septemseptatum as a new species (Table 2). Table 2. Conidial sizes and numbers of distosepta of currently accepted Coryneum species. Species name Conidia size (um) No. of Reference distosepta Coryneum acaciae 49-52 x 5-6 5-6 Mcalpine (1903) Coryneum affine 20-22 x 7 7 Saccardo (1882) Coryneum arausiacum 42-56 x 13-16 4-6 Senanayake et al. (2017) Coryneum betulinum 31-36 x 14-17 4-5 Sutton (1975) Coryneum berkeleyi 30x 8 3-5 Cooke (1906) Coryneum calophylli 38-48 x 12.5— 5-6 Sutton (1975) 14.5 Coryneum canadense 45-75 x 13-15 3-5 Bubak (1916) Coryneum carpinicola 50-68 x 8-11 7-11 Sutton (1975) Coryneum castaneicola 56-80 x 9.5-13 5-8 Sutton (1975) Coryneum clusiae 30-40 x 20-30 3-5 Sutton (1975) Coryneum compactum 40-58 x 15-21 4-6 Sutton (1975) Coryneum cesatii 80-90 x 13-15 6-7 Sutton (1975) Coryneum cocois 40-42 x 3-4 2 Hennings (1903) Coryneum concolor 10-11 x 4.5-5 3 Penzig (1882) Coryneum depressum 44-53 x 19-23 4-6 Sutton (1975) Coryneum elevatum 56-59 x 20-25 5-7 Sutton (1975) Coryneum eriobotryae 5-9 x 5-7 1 Saccardo and Traverso (1906) Coryneum fagi 45-75 x 10-15.5 6-12 Boonmee et al. (2021) 10 Chun-Sheng L et al Species name Conidia size (um) No. of Reference distosepta Coryneum foliorum 15-20 x 6-8 3 Saccardo and Traverso (1902) Coryneum gigasporum 93-108 x 19-21 7-9 Jiang et al. (2018) Coryneum gregoryi 32.5-43 12-16 5-9 Sutton (1975) Coryneum heveanum 43-53 x 15-20 4-6 Senwanna et al. (2018) Coryneum ilicis 82-105 x 9.5-12.5 10-11 Jiang et al. (2019) Coryneum japonicum 45-60 x 11-12 5-7 Sutton (1975) Coryneum lanciforme 45-53 x 16-18 4-6 Sutton (1975) Coryneum longistipitatum 18-20 x 8-9 3 Saccardo and Traverso (1892) Coryneum megaspermum 52-110 x 12-15 8-14 Theissen (1912) Coryneum megaspermum var. 100-125 x 10-13 7-8 Sutton (1975) cylindricum Coryneum modonium 50-71 x 14-19 5-8 Sutton (1975) Coryneum neesii 68-82 x 18-22 6-8 Sutton (1975) Coryneum pruni 14-23 x 5.5-9 4-5 Wijayawardene et al. (2016) Coryneum psidii 25-40 x 14-17 5-6 Sutton (1975) Coryneum pyricola 61-70 x 24-32 5-7 Sutton (1975) Coryneum septemseptatum 34-46 x 14.5-17 7-8 This study Coryneum quercinum 45-60 x 14-16 6-7 Muthumary and Sutton (1986) Coryneum sinense 50-76 x 13-17 5-7 Jiang et al. (2018) Coryneum songshanense 51-76 x 9-11.5 5-7 Jiang et al. (2019) Coryneum stromatoideum 105-180 x 16-20 9-17 Sutton (1975) Coryneum suttonii 60-76 x 10-14.5 4-5 Jiang et al. (2018) Coryneum sydowianum 50-58 x 14-17 5-6 Jiang et al. (2018) Coryneum umbonatum 57-72 x 13-16 5-7 Sutton (1975) Phaeoisaria guizhouensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov. . MycoBank 844575 Materials Holotype: a. scientificName: Phaeoisaria guizhouensis; acceptedNameUsage: Phaeoisaria guizhouensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov.; taxonRemarks: species; Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 11 parentNameUsage: Phaeoisaria Hohn. 1909; kingdom: fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Sordariomycetes; order: Pleurotheciales; family: Pleurotheciaceae; verbatim TaxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma; continent: Asia; country: china; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian County; locality: Daxiaojing Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 653 m; locationRemarks: label transliteration:"Guizhou, Daxiaojing Forest Park, 2021.10.21,Long chun-sheng": [mil FS BBANHRMAAE , 2021F10A21 4]; verbatimCoordinates: 23.5663N, 101.3213E; georeferenceProtocol: Lable; samplingProtocol: collecting; eventDate: //2021; habitat: decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; language: en; institutionID: KUN-HKAS 12346; collectionID: GMB0394; institutionCode: The Herbariumof Cryptogams Kunming Institute of Botany Academia Sinica; occurrence!D: 18602EC9-B7A5-5621-B1D0-ABE14D58CE17 Other material: a. scientificName: Phaeoisaria guizhouensis; continent: Asia; country: china; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian county; locality: Daxiaojing Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 541 m; verbatimCoordinates: 23.5667°N, 101.3032°E; collectionID: GMB0394; occurrencelD: 58591A4C-D09E-5853-BF69-2AA3AD86987E Description Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 3). Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, 9-13 um long (x = 11.0 um, SD = 1.9, n = 18), 1.9-3.6 um wide (x = 3.0 um, SD = 0.6, n = 15), ellipsoidal to obovoidal, rounded at the apex, hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Etymology With reference to Guizhou Province where the type specimen was found. Notes Phaeoisaria guizhouensis morphologically resembles P. aquatica Z. L. Luo et al. and P pseudoclematidis D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde, but they differ in conidial size (6.5—7.5 x 2.5— 3.5 um for P aquatic; 9-13 x 1.9-3.6 um for P guizhouensis; 5-8.5 x 3-4 um for P pseudoclematidis) and the conidial of P acquatica and P. pseudoclimatidis appears around the conidiophores, but P guizouensis only appears at the apex (Liu et al. 2015, Luo et al. 2018). Pleurothecium yunanensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov. ° MycoBank 844576 Materials Holotype: a. scientificName: Pleurothecium yunanensis; acceptedNameUsage: Pleurothecium yunanensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov.; taxonRemarks: species; 12 Chun-Sheng L et al parentNameUsage: Pleurothecium Hohn. 1919; kingdom: Fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Sordariomycetes; order: Pleurotheciales; family: Pleurotheciaceae; taxonRank: species; genus: Pleurothecium; scientificNameAuthorship: C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Nanjian county; locality: Lingbaoshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 2532 m; locationRemarks: Labeltransliteration:"Nanjian County, Lingbaoshan National Forest Park,18/8/2021,Long Chun-Sheng"; [7 Fs & Pa) Be SE LY ERR ARK 18/8/2021 KABA]; verbatimCoordinates: 22.7324°N, 100.4232° E; georeferenceProtocol: label; samplingProtocol: collecting; eventDate: 18/8/2021; habitat: decaying wood; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; language: en; institution|D: KUN-HKAS 12347; collection|ID: GMB0396; institutionCode: KUN-HKAS 12347; occurrence!D: 65AEAD76- F2A2-565F-9174-BODB52CDA91C b. scientificName: Pleurothecium yunanensis; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Nanjian county; locality: Lingbaoshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 2567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 22.7431N 100.4334E; collection|ID: GMB0394; occurrencelD: 4FC9ABFC-435F-533D-931D-15AD95398CFF D Figure 3. EESl Phaeoisaria guizhouensis (GMB0394). A Conidiomata on natural substratum; B, C Conidiogenous cells and conidia; D Synnema with conidiophores and conidia; E, F Conidia. Scale bars: A= 0.5 mm, B—-F = 10 um. Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 13 Description Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 4). Asexual morph: Conidiophores 370-206 um long (x = 270.9 um, SD = 81.8, n = 18), 9.8-4.2 um wide (x = 6.5 um, SD = 2.1, n = 18), mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight to slightly flexuous towards the apex, single, 4—5-septate, the lower part is black and the upper one is light brown or hyaline, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 10— 14 um long (x = 12 um, SD = 2, n = 20), 2.5-3.5 um wide (x = 3 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary, sympodially elongated, denticulate, denticles narrow cylindrical, hyaline. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia 17—25.6 ym long (x = 22.1 um, SD =3.6, n = 25), 2.8-9 um wide (x = 7.8 um, SD = 1.3, n = 25), solitary, acropleurogenous, half-moon, guttulate, hyaline, 2—3-septate, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Figure 4. EE Pleurothecium yunnanensis (GMB0395, holotype). A, B Colonies on natural substratum; C Conidiophore; D, E Conidiogenous cells and conidia; F Conidiogenous cells; G-I Conidia. Scale bars: A=0.5 mm, B = 0.5 mm, C = 50 um, D = 30 um, E = 15 um, F-I =10 pm. Etymology With reference to Yunnan Province where the type specimen was found. 14 Chun-Sheng L et al Notes Pleurothecium is characterisedby the distinct brown conidiophores and polyblastic, sympodially extended, densiculate conidiogenic cells (Monteiro et al. 2016). Pleurothecium yunanensis superficially resembles P. leptospermi J.A. Cooper and P pulneyense Subram. & Bhat, but P /eptospermi differs by its smaller (15-18 x 4—5 um vs. 17-25.6 x 2.8-9 um) versicolored conidia with three eusepta (Cooper 2005); P pulneyense differs by its cylindrical to fusiform, larger conidia (23-30 x 7-8.4 um vs. 17-25.6 x 2.8—-9) with three eusepta (Subramanian and Bhat 1987). Brachysporiella pulchra (Subram.) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 184 (1979) MycoBank 555675 Material a. scientificName: Brachysporiella pulchra; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Nanjian Yi Autonomous County; locality: Lingbaoshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 2338 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24.7864N, 100.4352E; eventDate: 18/8/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection|ID: GMB0410; occurrence!D: E1A38663-4F 73-5C35-9B0B-3985BFA64030 Description Conidiophores 151-395 um long (x = 269.9 um, SD = 65.7, n = 20), 3.6-6.5 um wide (x = 5 um, SD = 1.0, n = 20), mononematous, erect, single, brown or dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 6-12 ym long (x = 9.1 um, SD = 2, n = 20), 2.5-3.5 um wide (x = 3 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20) ampulliform to cylindrical, brown to dark brown, Conidia 15—20 ym long (x = 17.3 ym, SD =1.4, n = 20), 7.9-12 pm wide (x = 10 um, SD = 1.2, n = 20), solitary, clavate, guttulate, truncated in base, hyaline, 3-septate, smooth-walled Also see Hughes (1979). Notes Brachysporiella pulchra superficially resembles B. gayana Bat, but the conidia in B. pulchra are smaller (24-26 x 10.5-12.5 um vs. 30-38 x 13-21.5 pm) (Li et al. 2019) and its conidiophores are branched. B. pulchra has been recorded from China, India and Japan (Gao 2016). Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 15 Brachysporiella setosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 17(1959) ° MycoBank 293842 Material a. scientificName: Brachysporiella setosa; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture; county: Libo County; locality: unknow mountain; verbatimElevation: 877 m; verbatimCoordinates: 25.1203N, 107.3243E; eventDate: 21/11/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection|D: GMB0399; occurrence!D: 8E2A7219-6507-5A85-BC9D-828B5DC7DA54 Description Conidiophores 300—450 um long (x = 360.4 um, SD = 30.8, n = 20), 3.6-6.5 um wide (x = 4.7 um, SD = 0.92, n = 20), mononematous, branched in apex, erect, single, 5—7 septate, brown or dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells lacking. Conidia 20-38 ym long (x = 25.8 um, SD =4.9, n = 20), 17-23 um wide (x = 18.4 um, SD = 2.2, n = 20). Pyriform or obovoid brown or dark brown. Also see Hughes (1958) and Ellis (1959). Notes This species was originally assigned to Monotospora Corda by Berk and Curtis and later was transferred to Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, Monosporella S. Hughes and Monotosporella S. Hughes (Hughes 1958). Ellis (1959) transferred it to Brachysporiella Bat. as Brachysporiella setose. Gao (2016) found this species in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan Province. This fungus is mainly distributed in South Carolina and usually found on rotten wood (Sadowski et al. 2012). B. setosa is very close to B. rhizoidea (V. Rao & de Hoog) W.P. Wu in morphology, but the conidiophores of B. setosa are shorter (140-260 x 4.5-6 um vs. 50-80 x 4—5 um) (Tsui et al. 2001, Sadowski et al. 2012). Catenularia catenulata (Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su) Réblova & A.N.Mill., MycoKeys 81: 13 (2021) ° MycoBank 839462 Material a. scientificName: Chaetosphaeria catenulata; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Libo; locality: LantingMountain Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 866 m; verbatimLatitude: 25.1203N, 107.3431E; eventDate: 21/11/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: 16 Chun-Sheng L et al Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection!D: GMB0397; occurrence!D: A52EDDA7-0CB8-59C 1-ACD4-F1651B5C5D4A Description Conidiophores 200-283 um long (x = 346.2 um, SD =21.3, n = 20), 6-10 um wide (x = 7.5 um, SD = 1.8, n = 20), cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells 21—40 um long (x = 28.5 um, SD = 5.6, n = 20), 5.4-6.5 um wide wide (x = 6 um, SD = 0.36, n = 20), monophialidic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical-clavate, with flared collarette. Conidia 13-15 um long (x = 14 um, SD = 0.79, n = 20), 12-14 um wide (x = 13.2 um, SD = 0.84, n = 20), formed in chains, aseptate, turbinate-triangular, with three blunt protruding edges at the broader distal end, hyaline to subhyaline when young, greyish- brown at maturity, smooth-walled. Also see Reblova et al. (2021). Notes Chaetosphaeria catenulata was firstly reported on submerged wood on the side of Nujiang River, Yunnan Province (Luo et al. 2019). Reblova et al. (2021) transferred it to Catenularia Grove as Catenularia catenulata. Morphologically, it is similar to C. cubensis Hol.-Jech, but the latter has smaller conidia (13-15 x 12-14 um vs. 5.5-9 x 3.5—5.5 pm) (Luo et al. 2019). Chloridium gonytrichii (F.A. Fernandez & Huhndorf) Réblova & Seifert, IMA Fungus 7(1): 134 (2016) ° MycoBank 816827 Material a. scientificName: Chloridium gonytrichif, continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian; locality: Hongshui River; verbatimElevation: 39 m; verbatimCoordinates: 25.2239N, 106.5340E; eventDate: 18/9/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectionID: GMB0409; occurrence!D: 619B5938-2358-5CCE-831B-AFAA7FA04C90 Description Conidiophores 190-346 um long (x = 294.1 um, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 4.5-6.5 um wide (x = 5.5 um, SD = 1.8, n = 20), mononematous, single, unbranched, septate, with 3-4 whorls of phialides in the mid-section and a single phialide at the apex, dark brown and paler towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells 10—14 um long (x = 12.5 um, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 3-4 um wide (x = 5.5 um, SD = 3.5, n = 20), cylindrical to lageniform, phialides, producing conidia from multiple entero-blastic conidiogenous loci and phialides borne on collar hyphae around the conidiophore. Conidia 3.5-4.5 ym long (x = 4 um, SD = Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 17 1.1, n = 20), 2.5-3.0 um wide (x = 2.5 um, SD = 1.4, n = 20), globose to subglobose, aseptate and hyaline to subhyaline. Also see Fernandez et al. (1999), Reéblova et al. (2016b) and Luo et al. (2019). Notes This species was originally collected on decaying wood in the Caribbean national forest and described as Melanopsammella gonytrichii F.A. Fernandez & Huhndorf (Fernandez and Huhndorf 2005), but later it was renamed as Chloridium gonytrichii by Reblova et al. (2016b). Dictyocheirospora rotunda M.J. D'souza, Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity: 80(1), 457-482 ° MycoBank 551581 Material a. scientificName: Dictyocheirospora rotunda; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Libo county; locality: Lanting Mountain Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 850 m; verbatimCoordinates: 25.1206N, 107.3298E; eventTime: 11/21/2021; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; identifiedBy: Chun- Sheng Long; collection|D: GMB040; occurrence!D: EB9BB9B1- B71A-54A2-93F3-392E6A6859EC Description Conidiophores 3-5 ym long (x = 2.8 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), 19.5-22.5 um wide (x = 3.6 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), micronematous, pale brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown, cylindrical, smooth-walled. Conidia 49-55 um long (x = 52 um, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 19.5-22.5 um wide (x = 21 um, SD = 2.4, n= 20), solitary, acrogenous, cheiroid, pale brown to brown, consisting of 5—7 rows of cells, rows digitate, cylindrical, inwardly curved at the tip, arising from a basal cell euseptate, guttulate. Also see Phukhamsakda et al. (2020). Notes Dictyocheirospora rotunda, the type species of Dictyocheirospora, was collected on submerged wood in freshwater from Thailand (Boonmee et al. 2016). It has been reported in Guizhou, China (Yang et al. 2018). Dictyocheirospora rotunda is similar to D. heptaspora (Garov.) M.J. D'souza, Boonmee & K.D. Hyde in morphology, but the rows of D. rotunda are not separable without manual force, whereas those of D. heptaspora are easily separable (Boonmee et al. 2016). 18 Chun-Sheng L et al Diplococcium dendrocalami Goh, K.D. Hyde & Umali, Mycologia 90(3): 515 (1998) MycoBank 443599 Material a. scientificName: Diplococcium dendrocalamr, continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Guiyang; locality: Guizhou Medical University Campus; verbatimElevation: 1199 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5921N, 106.7143E; eventDate: 15/9/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection!|D: GMB0404; occurrence!D: 5BA2D587-84EB-502E-B734-32CCAC974E59 Description Conidiophores 211-—345.6 ym long (x = 52.3 ym, SD = 52.3 n = 20), 4.4-9.5 um wide (x = 7.1 um, SD = 2.1, n = 20), unbranched, erect, straight, attenuated, distinctly 5-8- septate, thick-walled, medium yellowish-brown, uniform in colour. Conidiogenous cells 120-280 ym long (x = 199.1 um, SD = 52.9, n = 20), 10-12 pm wide (x = 10.8 um, SD = 1.8, n = 20), integrated, polytretic with pores 0.8-1 wm diam., terminal and intercalary. Conidia 49-55 um long (x = 52 um, SD = 5.2, n = 20), 19.5-22.5 um wide (x = 21 um, SD = 3, n = 20), solitary, acrogenous, cheiroid, pale brown to brown, consisting of 5—7 rows of cells, rows digitate, cylindrical, inwardly curved at the tip, arising from a basal cell, without appendages, with each row composed of 8-12 cells, euseptate, guttulate, slightly constricted at septa. Also see Goh et al. (1998) and Xia et al. (2017). Notes Diplococcium dendrocalami was firstly introduced in the culms of Dendrocalamus sp. in the Philippines (Goh et al. 1998) and later was found in Chongqing, China (Xia et al. 2017). Diplococcium dendrocalami is similar to D. clavariarum (Desm.) Hol.-Jech in morphology, but the conidiophores of D. clavariarum are branched and slender (10—12 um vs. 3.5-6 um) (Goh et al. 1998). Endophragmiella curvata (Corda) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 148(1979) MycoBank 313581 Material a. scientificName: Endophragmiella curvata; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Guiyang; locality: Guiyang Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 1190 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5702N, 106.7108E; eventDate: 25/9/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 19 Ma; collection!D: GMB0407; occurrence!|D: A160A11E-BDCF-5472-B720-D322C6180316 Description Conidiophores 37-66 ym long (x = 52 um, SD = 11.3, n = 20), 2.5-4.8 um wide (x = 3.1 um, SD = 0.7, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, single, unbranched, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown. Conidiogenous cells 3.6—5.6 ym long (x = 4.4 um, SD = 0.3, n = 20), 2.5-4.8 um wide (x = 3.6 um, SD = 0.3, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, brown to pale brown. Conidia 14.5-21 um long (x = 17.8 um, SD = 3.3, n = 20), 6-7.5 um wide (x = 6.7 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, solitary, acrogenous, dry, clavate, smooth, lower two cells brown, apical cell pale brown, 2-septate. Also see Hughes (1979) and Ma (2012). Notes Endophragmiella curvata has been found on dead branches from Guangdong Province, China (Ma 2012). Morphologically, E. curvata is similar to E. novae-zelandiae S. Hughes (Hughes 1979), but the conidia of E. novae-zelandiae are larger than those of E. curvata (27-40 x 9.3-12.6 um vs.14.5-21 x 6—7.5 ym) and the E. novae- zelandiae also has two septa conidia (Hughes 1979). Hemicorynespora clavata (Corda) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 148(1979) ° MycoBank 510760 Material a. scientificName: Hemicorynespora clavata; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; municipality: Guiyang; !ocality: Guizhou Medical University Campus; verbatimElevation: 1123 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5231N, 106.7163E; eventTime: 15/9/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection!D: GMB0405; occurrence!D: 93225A11-2AB4-5DAB-900A-620C60B6C12A Description Conidiophores 110-140 um long (x = 127.9 um, SD =10, n= 20), 2.5-4.5 pm wide (x = 2.9 um, SD = 1.9, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, single, unbranched, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown. Conidiogenous cells 12-13 um long (x = 12.4 um, SD =0.34, n = 20), 3-4 um wide (x = 2.9 um, SD = 0.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, brown, percurrently proliferating. Conidia 12— 17 um long (x = 14.1 um, SD = 2.8, n = 20), 2-5 um wide (x = 3.4 um, SD = 1.1, n= 20) holoblastic, solitary, acrogenous, dry, clavate, smooth, lower two cells brown, apical cell pale brown, 2—septate. 20 Chun-Sheng L et al Also see Delgado et al. (2007). Notes Delgado et al. (2007) originally described this species on the stems of dead liana in Cuba and later Ma (2012) discovered it on dead branches in China. It superficially resembles Hemicorynespora fusispora, but the latter has spindle to inverted rods and longer conidia (12—20 ym vs. 15-30 um) and its conidiogenous cells are shorter than those of H. clavata (12.5—21 vs. 15—18 um) (Delgado et al. 2007). Kylindria excentrica Bhat & B. Sutton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 84(4): 728 (1985) . MycoBank 105413 Material a. scientificName: Kylindria excentrica; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Libo county; verbatimElevation: 875 m; verbatimCoordinates: 25.1205N, 107.3634E; eventDate: 11/21/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectionID: GMB0398; occurrence!D: C1A8F2EF-0EC1-5EDB-B7AD-6279AD758FF5 Description Conidiophores 200-350 ym long (x = 280.6 ym, SD = 45, n = 20), 7-10 um wide (x = 8.6 um, SD = 1.9, n = 20), mononematous, erect, simple, straight or flexuous, thick- walled, dark brown, paler towards the apex, 8-10 septate. Conidiogenous cells 48.5— 60 um long (x = 53.5 um, SD = 3.9, n= 20), 9-12 um wide (x = 10.2 um, SD = 1.3, n= 20), with a narrow cytoplasmic channel and marked periclinal thickening in the upper quarter, lacking a collarette, proliferating enteroblastically to produce successive conidia at the same level. Conidia 21.5-40 um long (x = 29.3 um, SD = 6.8, n = 20), 7.5-10 um wide (x = 8.2 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, solitary, accumulating in translucent slimy masses at the apices of conidiogenous, cylindrical, obtuse at the apex, slightly tapered towards the truncate base, hyaline, 3—-euseptate, smooth, eguttulate. Also see Bhat and Sutton (1985) and Xia et al. (2013). Notes Kylindria excentrica was firstly found on rotten wood in Ethiopia (Bhat and Sutton 1985). Kylindria excentrica is similar to K. millettiae Y.D. Zhang & X.G. Zhang in morphology, but differs markedly in conidial dimensions (19.5—24 x 6.5—9 um vs. 27.5— 35 x 7.5-8.5 um) (Zhang et al. 2010). In addition, K. excentrica has a lateral flat scar in the conidial base, whereas those of K. millettiae have a lateral flat scar in the excentric (Zhang et al. 2010). Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 21 Neohelicosporium griseum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Y.Z. Lu & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 92: 241 (2018) MycoBank GMB0412 Material Holotype: a. scientificName: Neohelicosporium griseum; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Nanjian Yi Autonomous County; locality: Lingbaoshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 2418 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24.7342N, 100.4234E; eventTime: 18/8/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection|D: GMB0412; occurrence!D: 308A8DB4-3FA1-502F-B26E-7F5F12FE9F90 Description Conidiophores 3.5—-4 ym diam. (x = 3.6 um, SD =1.2, n = 20), arising from a dark repent mycelium, more or less erect, dark brown, septate, irregularly branched, often forming a loop and network by anastomosing. Conidiogenous cells 1—1.5 ym long (x = 1.3 um, SD = 0.6, n = 20), 0.5—1 ym wide (x = 0.8 um, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, intercalary or terminal, denticulate; denticles on the lower parts of conidiophores or directly arising on lateral of creeping fertile hyphae. Conidia diameter of coiled spores 12-15 um (x = 14.1 um, SD =1.9, n = 20), pleurogenous, borne singly on minute hyaline sporogenous teeth, hyaline, tightly coiled 212-3” times, indistinctly 18-20 septate. Also see Lu et al. (2018). Notes Goos (1989) classified Helicosporium cinereum Peck, H. leptosporum Sacc. and H. lumbricoides Sacc. as H. griseum. Lu et al. (2018) placed H. griseum and_ H. lumbricoides in Neohelicosporium Y.Z. Lu, J.C. Kang & K.D. Hyde as WN. griseum, based on phylogenetic analysis. Neohelicosporium ovoideum Y.Z. Lu et al. and WN. griseum are similar in morphology, but the conidium of NV. ovoideum has fewer curls (3— 4 vs. 2—3) (Lu et al. 2018). 22 Chun-Sheng L et al Phaeoisaria guttulata J. Yang & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 9(2): 401 (2018) MycoBank 554233 Material Holotype: a. scientificName: Phaeoisaria guttulata; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Sandu Autonomous County; locality: Yaorenshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 632 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5535N, 106.7533E; eventDate: 9/9/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectionID: GMB0402; occurrencelD: 2041B2E4-5BBA-5C4F-8136-70A7BEDE99A4 Description Conidiophores 480—520 ym long (x = 280.6 um, SD =4 5, n = 20), 2-5 um wide (x = 3.7 um, SD = 1.3, n = 20) macronematous, synnematous, erect, septate, smooth, mid- brown to dark brown. Conidiogenous cells 14.5-35.9 um long (x = 26.6 um, SD = 4.4, n = 20), 1.6-3.8 um wide (x = 3.0 um, SD = 0.6, n = 20) integrated, terminal, polyblastic, pale brown to hyaline, sympodial, splaying out with one to several denticulate conidiogenous cells loci. Conidia 3.5—5.5 ym long (x = 4.5 um, SD =1.1, n= 20), 2.5-4.8 um wide (x = 3.5 um, SD =1.4, n = 20), globose to obovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, aseptate. Also see Hyde et al. (2018). Notes This species was originally discovered on decaying wood in Guizhou Province, China (Hyde et al. 2018). It is similar to P clavulata (Grove) E. W. Mason & S. Hughes in conidial shape, but the latter has smaller globose conidia (3.5-5.5 um vs. 1—2 ym) (Revay 1985, Hyde et al. 2018). Phragmocephala atra (Berk. & Broome) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, Naturalist: 97 (1951) MycoBank 303243 Material Holotype: a. scientificName: Phragmocephala atra; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; municipality: Guiyang; locality: Guiyang Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 1187 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5723N, 106.7432E; eventTime: 9/9/2021; habitat: On decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectionID: GMB0406; occurrence!D: 4F C3FA5F-FE62-5C51-8700-C051B063DE42 Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... Description Conidiophores 128-157 um long (x = 142.5 um, SD = 14.5, n = 20), 6.5—8.5 ym wide (x = 7.5 um, SD = 1, n = 20), synnematous, macronematous, septate, unbranched or branched, erect, dark brown at the base, pale brown at fertile, flared apex, sometimes proliferating, 5—8-septate. Conidiogenous cells 37-44 um long (x = 37.3 um, SD = 2.1 um, n = 20), 2.3-4 um wide (x = 2.5 um, SD = 1.3 ym, n = 20), monoblastic, terminal, integrated, elongated, pale brown, often separating from the conidium through a break or frill below the base of conidium. Conidia 30—35 wm long (x = 32.5 um, SD = 2.5 um, n = 20), 16-19 ym wide (x = 17.5 um, SD = 1.5 um, n = 20), 4~-septate, ellipsoidal to subglobose, dark brown, pale brown at apical and basal cells, with dark brown to black central cells, with a thick dark band on the central septum; smooth, rounded at apex, truncate at base, sometimes released with part of conidiogenous cell. Also see Mason and Hughes (1951). Notes Phragmocephala atra is the type species of Phragmocephala, which is characterised by the dark brown to black central cells (Mason and Hughes 1951, Su et al. 2015). Phragmocephala atra has been reported in Yunnan Province, China (Su et al. 2015). Cryptophiale udagawae Piroz. & Ichinoe, Can. J. Bot. 46: 1126 (1968) ° MycoBank 329371 Material a. scientificName: Cryptophiale udagawae; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Luodian County; locality: Hongshui river; verbatimElevation: 399 m; verbatimCoordinates: 25.2239N, 106.5349E; eventDate: 18/9/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectionID: GMB0408; occurrence!|D: F7EFF95D-CA2D-566D-A743- FAC90D454F 35 Description Conidiophores 97-120 um long (x = 99.7 um, SD = 8.3, n = 20), 4.5-9 um wide (x = 6.2 um, SD = 1.3, n = 20), straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown, with 3-4 branches at the apex. Conidiogenous cells 39-46 ym long (x = 42.1 um, SD = 4.0, n= 20), 7.6—12 um wide (x = 8.7 um, SD = 2.4, n = 20) enteroblastic, phialidic, obscured by a shield of sterile cells. Conidia solitary, 1-septate, falcate, simple, smooth, hyaline, produced in slimy masses, 15.5—18 ym long (x = 16.4 um, SD = 1, n= 20), 1.2-1.4 um wide (x =1.3 um, SD = 1.1, n = 20), solitary, 1-septate, falcate, simple, smooth, hyaline, produced in slimy masses. Also see Pirozynski (1968). 24 Chun-Sheng L et al Notes Pirozynski (1968) described the species from fallen leaves in Japan. Ma et al. (2010) and Yang et al. (2019) discovered the species in China. Cryptophiale udagawae shows a variable number of branches in the conidiophore. There are 1-3 branches on C. udagawéae in Pirozynski (1968), three in Matsushima (1971), 5-8 in Mercado-Sierra et al. (1997) and three in our specimen. Ellisembia brachypus (Ellis & Everh.) Subram., Proc. Indian natn Sci. Acad., Part B. Biol. Sci. 58(4): 183 (1992) ° MycoBank 306280 Material a. scientificName: Ellisembia brachypus; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; municipality: Guiyang; locality: Guizhou Medical University Campus; verbatimElevation: 1217 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.5943°N, 106.734513°E; eventDate: 15/9/2021; habitat: on decaying woo; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun- Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection|D: GMB0401; occurrence!D: 8AE6F 3F9-5COF-533E-BB66-C60F6DECAD67 Description Conidiophores 86-114 ym long (x = 100 um, SD = 5.3, n = 20), 5-7 um wide (x = 100 um, SD = 5.3, n = 20) macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, unbranched, 7— 9 septate, straight or flexuous, percurrently growing, dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 5—7 um long (k = 5.3 um, SD = 2.2, n = 20), 4-5 um long (x = 4.8 um, SD = 2.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, dark brown. Conidia 45-63 um long (x = 54 um, SD = 5.3, n = 20), 13-17 ym wide (x = 15 um, SD = 2.3, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, ovoid to fusiform, 5-6-pseudoseptate, truncate at base, with a short and hyaline rostrate tip at apex, brown, smooth-walled. Also see Hughes (1958) and Luo et al. (2019). Notes Ellisembia brachypus was firstly reported as Sporidesmium branchypus in Shiwaliks ( Prasher and Singh 2014) and previously collected on dead branches of Moringa aoleifera Lam. in Kerela and Rajasthan (Bilgrami et al. 1991, Jamaludeen et al. 2004). Later, it was found in Yunnan, China (Luo et al. 2019). Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 25 Vanakripa menglensis D.M. Hu, L. Cai, K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 62(2): 199(2010) ° MycoBank 518634 Material a. scientificName: Vanakripa menglensis; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Nanjian Yi Autonomous County; locality: Lingbaoshan National Forest Park; verbatimElevation: 2231 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24.7861N, 100.4846E; eventDate: 18/8/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collection|D: GMB0411; occurrence!D: 60O9FEB39-B6F6-59E8-B300-07FE401FC962 Description Conidiophores 7.5—8.3 um long (x =7.9 um, SD = 3.2, n = 20), 2.5-3 um wide (x = 2.6 um, SD = 2, n = 20), micronematous, hypha-like, cylindrical, aseptate, simple or sparsely branched, smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells 20—40 um long (x =34.2 um, SD = 4.3, n = 20), 4-6 um wide (x = 5.3 um, SD = 2.3, n = 20), hyaline, clavate to vermiform. Conidia 17—23 ym long (x = 20.4 um, SD = 4.1, n = 20), 8-13 ym wide (x = 11.3 um, SD = 3.3, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, clavate to obpyriform, smooth, brown to dark brown, aseptate. Also see Hu et al. (2010). Notes The genus Vanakripa was originally established by Bhat and Kendrick (1993). So far, ten epithets for Vanakripa are listed in Index Fungorum (1 June 2022). Vanakripa menglensis is distinguished by its clavate to obpyriform conidia (Hu et al. 2010). V. menglensis has been reported from Yunnan Province, China (Hu et al. 2010). Sporidesmium conversum W.P. Wu, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 15: 27(2005). ° MycoBank 356332 Material Holotype: a. scientificName: Sporidesmium conversum; continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; municipality: Guiyang; !ocality: Guizhou Medical University Campus; verbatimElevation: 1207 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26.3967N, 106.7161E; eventDate: 15/9/2021; habitat: on decaying wood; recordedBy: Chun-Sheng Long; identifiedBy: ChunSheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma; collectioniD: GMB0403; occurrence!D: B43EED21-3E28-5941-9C29-64A4C7DFA7C8 26 Chun-Sheng L et al Description Conidiophores 37—50 um long (x = 42.2 um, SD = 4.6, n = 20), 5-6.8 um wide (x = 5.9 um, SD = 0.6, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, unbranched, 1-3 septate. Conidiogenous cells 10-12 ym long (x =10.8 um, SD =0.5, n = 20), 4-5 um long (x = 4.8 um, SD = 2.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, dark brown. Conidia 36-52 ym long (x = 36.6 ym, SD = 12.7, n = 20), 8-10 um wide (x = 9.4 um, SD = 2.5, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, clavate to broadly fusiform, 5-6 septate, with a short and hyaline rostrate tip at apex, brown, smooth-walled. Also see Wu (2005). Notes Wu (2005) firstly described this specis from China. Species similar to S. conversum, that produce conidia with barrel- to ampoule-shaped layers and inverted rod to spindle- shaped conidia include S. australiense M.B. Ellis, S. clarki P.M. Kirk, S. hamatum M.B. Ellis, S. pedunculatum (Peck) M.B. Ellis, S. rubi M. B. Ellis and S. uapacae M.B. Ellis (Wu and Zhuang 2008). The difference between S. conversum and all these species is that the conidial apex in S. conversum has cap-like and conical mucinous appendages (Wu and Zhuang 2008). Discussion Many genera of hyphomycetes were found in Karst areas, such as Acrogenospora M.B. Ellis, Craspedodidymum Hol.-Jech, Corynesporopsis P.M. Kirk, Dactylella Grove, Dendryphiopsis S. Hughes, Digitoramispora R.F. Castaneda & W.B. Kendr., Diplocladiella G. Arnaud, Endophragmiella B. Sutton, Elegantimyces Goh, C.K.M. Tsui & K.D. Hyde, Exosporium Link, Gangliostilbe Subram. & Vittal, Helminthosporium Link, Heteroconium Petr., Microclava F. Stevens, Monodictys S. Hughes, Mucispora Jing Yang, Bhat & K.D.Hyde, Phalangispora Nawawi & J. Webster, Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S&S. Hughes, Repetophragma Subram., Spadicoides S. Hughes, Sympodioplanus R.C. Sinclair & Boshoff, Synnemacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, fTretospeira Piroz. and Ulocladium Preuss (Gao et al. 1997, Zhao and Li 1997, Wang et al. 2008, Yang et al. 2012, Li et al. 2017, Li et al. 2014, Li et al. 2019, Guo et al. 2019). Through the investigation of Zhang (2012), 4000 samples were collected in China including Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. Here, nineteen species on decaying wood were recorded from south China including Karst areas. However, after many attempts, we only obtained a very small amount of pure cultures. After consulting the relevant literature and our experimental experience, the authors found that numerous hyphomycetes occurring on wood cannot be cultured which led to lack of DNA sequences, resulting in confusion in identification and classification (Reblova et al. 2016a). For example, Chloridium gonytrichii was originally considered as the genus Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species ... 27 Melanopsammella, based on its morphology (Fernandez and Huhndorf 2005). However, Crous et al. (2012) confirmed that M. gonytrichii was more closely related to Chloridium according to its phylogenetic analyses. Most conidia are difficult to germinate on artificial medium (Rousseau and Halvorson 1969, Zhu et al. 2016, Wijayawardene et al. 2021). Therefore, the identification of hyphomycetes, based on DNA sequences, is limited (Zhang 2018). 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