JHR 97: 513-530 (2024) ee JOURNAL OF Arevminrcrascer nu doi: |0.3897/jhr.97. 125408 RESEARCH ARTICLE () Hymenopter a > https://jhr.pensoft.net The Inarasional Society of Hymenopeeriss, RESEARCH New records of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Morocco Ahlam Sentil', Paolo Rosa!, Clément Tourbez!, Achik Dorchin', Petr Bogusch?, Denis Michez' I Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons, Belgium 2 Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Hradec Krilové, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Sentil Ahlam (ahlam.sentil@umons.ac.be) Academic editor: Jack Neff | Received 15 April 2024 | Accepted 7 May 2024 | Published 14 June 2024 https.//zoobank.org/E43691 B1-31 C6-4BAF-BF62-510C22230E9C Citation: Sentil A, Rosa P, Tourbez C, Dorchin A, Bogusch P, Michez D (2024) New records of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Morocco. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.125408 Abstract Morocco is considered to be one of the main diversity hotspots of bees in the Mediterranean basin. However, this fauna remains largely understudied in both urban and natural eco-systems. Bee monitor- ing primarily conducted during 2023 in an urban area (i.e. Safi) has unveiled three new bee species for Morocco: Lithurgus tibialis, Tetralonia aff. lanzarotensis and Coelioxys ruficauda as well as records of 28 new bee species for the region Marrakech Safi. This work provides descriptions of the spatial distribution, the diagnostic characters, and host plants of these three species. We also take the opportunity to highlight the quality of urban areas as habitats for bees and the importance of implementating bee-friendly manage- ment practices to preserve bee species. Keywords Bee conservation, cemetery, city, management practices, Mediterranean, new species Introduction Morocco has a unique geographical position, situated at a crossroads of two biogeo- graphical regions (i.e. the Afrotropic and the Palaearctic). This country is characterized by a wide topographic gradient, from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts to the Copyright Ahlam Sentil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 514 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) summit of the Atlas Mountains, and different climate types, from Mediterranean in the north to arid desert in the south, leading to a wide range of habitats (e.g. sclerophyllous forest, alpine meadows, coastal cliffs, shrubs, semideserts). From this habitat diversity derives the diverse Moroccan flora (Rankou et al. 2013), which in turn provides key ecosystem services. The economic value of insect pollination in Morocco is up to $1.23 billion, repre- senting 8.5% of the total value of agricultural gross domestic product (Sabbahi 2022) and 25% of the total value of agricultural production in North Africa (Gallai et al. 2009). The main non-bee pollinators recorded in the country are butterflies with 136 species (Verovnik et al. 2018) and hoverflies with 150 species (Sahib et al. 2020). In comparison, the Moroccan bee fauna impressively includes 962 bee species, which are classified in six bee families and 68 genera (Lhomme et al. 2020). This figure is com- parable to that of other Mediterranean countries, such as Greece (1186), Spain (1166), and Italy (1051) (Reverté et al. 2023), collectively demonstrating the vast Mediterra- nean bee fauna (Orr et al. 2021). Many bee species have already been recorded since the first check list of Lhomme et al. (2020), and other have been newly described (Wood et al. 2020, 2021; Wood 2023a, Wood 2023b) or await future description, and these will be ultimately added to the national list of Moroccan bees. The monitoring of Moroc- can bees is spatially uneven, with a focus on agro-ecosystems (El Abdouni et al. 2022) and touristic areas (e.g. Michez et al. 2007). Further inventory studies are required to document the species diversity of Moroccan bees, especially in natural and urban areas. As a first step to fill this gap, this work reports three species newly recorded for Morocco, which were discovered during faunal surveys in a coastal urban area in the middle of the country (city of Safi) and a botanical garden (Meknes). For each species, we provide information on spatial distribution, diagnosis, records of host plants and illustrations. Finaly, we highlight the importance of urban areas as a refuge for bees in a Mediterranean country. Methods Study area All the bees were collected in Morocco at Safi (latitude: 32.2439 to 32.3418, lon- gitude: -9.2069 to -9.2445), except two specimens, which were collected in Me- knes (33.84079, -5.47737). Safi is a small city located on the Atlantic coast of western Morocco, while Meknes is situated in northern Morocco. Both towns are characterized by a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Bees were collected between February and October 2023 along roadsides, at cemeteries, and in vacant lots in Safi (Fig. 1), and in the botanical garden of the National School of Agriculture (ENAM) in Meknes, located 20 km south-east from the city. New bee records from Morocco S15 Figure I. Illustrations of the sites that were surveyed within Safi, Morocco A cemetery B roadside bor- ders € vacant lots. Bee identification All bees were identified to the genus level following keys adapted from Michez et al. (2019), then sent to expert taxonomists for specific identification. Van der Zanden (1986), Al-Shahat and Hossni (2020), and available reference collections were used for morphological identification of the newly recorded species. The following abbrevia- tions were used in the diagnosis: S = metasomal sterna and T = metasomal terga. Bee pictures The pictures of the new bee species were taken with an Olympus OMD E-M1 Mark II camera, using the Olympus Zuiko 60 mm objective and a Marumi lens for general habitus and a Mitutoyo plan achromatic lens LWD 5x. Images were stacked with the Helicon software and then enhanced with Adobe Photoshop CS6. Pollen preparation and identification Pollen host plants of the species newly recorded from Morocco were identified by ex- amining pollen loads removed from female specimens under a microscope. Coelioxys, which is a parasitic (cuckoo) bee and Lithurgus, which comprised only males, were excluded from the pollen analysis, because they do not collect pollen. The pollen prep- aration followed the protocol described by Wood and Roberts (2017). Pollen load sizes were visually estimated relative to the bee size, ranging from a full load (1) to a 516 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) one-fourth load (0.25). Pollen grains were extracted from the scopa of females and deposited onto a microscope slide using an entomological pin. The pollen was then placed in a drop of water to separate aggregates. After gentle heating to allow evapora- tion, pollen grains were dried using a cube of fuchsin jelly added and melted to seal the slide with a coverslip. Pollen grains were finally identified to the subfamily level using author's personal experience and pollen picture databases (PalDat 2024). Results Bee species records We collected a total of 1,624 bees, belonging to 27 genera and 102 identified bee spe- cies (Suppl. material 1). Eucera represented 27% of the total abundance, followed by Andrena (12%), Tetralonia (11%), Osmia (9%) and Nomada (9%) (Table 1). The most species-rich genera were Andrena (20 species), Eucera (10 species), Osmia (9 species) and Anthophora (8 species) (Table 1). Twenty eight percent of the species collected in Safi Table |. A summary of the list of genera collected in this study. The bee species richness (i.e., number of distinct bee species per genus) and abundance (i.e., the number of bee individuals collected per genus) are indicated. Family Genus Bee species richness Bee abundance Andrenidae Andrena 20 148 Apidae Eucera 10 347 Apidae Anthophora 8 64 Apidae Nomada 7 109 Apidae Thyreus 4 5 Apidae Amegilla 3 23 Apidae Ammobates 2 13 Apidae Ceratina 2 9 Apidae Tetralonia 2 136 Colletidae Colletes 2 3 Colletidae Hylaeus 1 12 Halictidae Lasioglossum 5 19 Halictidae Htalictus 2, 22 Halictidae Nomioides 2 39 Halictidae Seladonia 2 a5 Halictidae Nomiapis 1 3 Halictidae Rophites i 3 Halictidae Sphecodes 1 9 Megachilidae Osmia 9 119 Megachilidae Megachile 7 61 Megachilidae Hoplitis 4 cs Megachilidae Rhodanthidium 2 15 Megachilidae Anthidium 1 4 Megachilidae Chelostoma 1 4 Megachilidae Coelioxys 1 20 Megachilidae Lithurgus 1 Z Megachilidae Stelis 1 1 New bee records from Morocco 517 (i.e., 28 bee species) are new records for the region Marrakech Safi (Suppl. material 1) and Tetralonia aff. lanzarotensis and Coelioxys ruficauda are new species for the country. The two specimens collected in Meknes represent males of Lithurgus tibialis, marking its first recorded occurrence in Morocco. New species for Morocco Lithurgus tibialis Morawitz, 1875 Material examined. Morocco. 2; Meknes; 33.8405, -5.4775; 22 Jul. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net. Diagnosis. The male of Lithurgus tibialis is distinguished from other Palaearctic Lithurgus species by its smaller size, 8-9 mm, while other species measure over 11 mm (Fig. 2A, B). Furthermore, it is easily identified by its swollen femur III, its curved tibia III, and the presence of a strong spine between the two spurs of tibia HI (Fig. 2C), the size of which reaches or exceeds the thickness of the metabasitarsus II] (Van der Zanden 1986; Al-Shahat and Hossni 2020). The female of Lithurgus tibialis is distin- guished from all other Lithurgus species in the Palaearctic region by its size, 8-10 mm, while other species measure over 12 mm, associated with its white-coloured scopa (Van der Zanden 1986; Al-Shahat and Hossni 2020). Figure 2. Lithurgus tibialis, male A lateral view B dorsal view C the spine in between metatibial spurs D genitalia. 518 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) Distribution. The distribution of Lithurgus tibialis spans from Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East to Southern and Central Asia. In Europe, it has been reported in Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Malta and Turkey (Van der Zanden 1986; Reverté et al. 2023). Its range extends into the Middle East, with records in Iran, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates (Al-Shahat and Hossni 2020). This species also inhabits the Caucasus and Southern to Central Asia, as it has been documented in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, India, Pakistan, Southern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Fateryga et al. 2018; Maharramov et al. 2023). In Northern Africa, it is found in Algeria (Cros 1939) and Egypt (Al-Shahat and Hossni 2020). A previous citation for Lithurgus tibialis was given in a list of bee species pollinating a single crop in Morocco, without any further information (El Abdouni et al. 2022). The mentioned specimen was no longer available for this study. Floral preferences. The females of Lithurgus tibialis appear to be oligolectic, pri- marily foraging on the Euphorbiaceae Chrozophora tinctoria (Christophe Praz, per- sonal observation), while males may collect nectar from other species such as Mentha spp., on which the Moroccan specimens were collected. Tetralonia aff. lanzarotensis Tkalci, 1993 Material examined. Morocco. 84, 19; Safi; 32.2587, -9.2386; 09 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net ¢ 14; Safi; 32.2587, -9.2386; 15 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net © 34, 39; Safi; 32.2731, -9.2335; 21 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net ° 34, 19; Safi; 32.3356, -9.2166; 23 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net * 150, 29; Safi; 32.2686, -9.2323; 25 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net © 19; Safi; 32.2625, -9.226617; 01 May 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net © 20; Safi; 32.2587, -9.2386; 02 Jul. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net ° 14, 69; Safi; 32.2735, -9.2334; 11 Jul. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net * 29; Safi; 32.2735, -9.2334; 15 Jul. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net. Diagnosis. The species belongs to the ruficornis-group (Tkalct 1979) based on the metasomal hair pattern and structure, which comprises basal tomentum, and the marginal zones of [2-4 that largely exposed (Fig. 3B); the strongly branched scopal hairs (Fig. 3A); the lack of ventral mesosomal brush of unbranched thickened hairs of females; the shape of the medial longitudinal groove of S6, and the ventral tubercule of hind femur of males. Within the group, females of Tetralonia lanzarotensis can be diag- nosed based on the short metasomal basal tomentum that does not reach the marginal zones of T3 and not (Lanzarote) or barely (Morocco) reach that of T4 medially; it dif- ferentiates from most other species, except 7’ fulvescens Giraud, by the black, immacu- late face, and can be differentiated from that latter species by the lighter, ferruginous to reddish ventral side of flagellar segments 2-12 (Fig. 4A, B) (although some southern distributed specimens of 7’ fulvescens have lighter flagellar segments, and the diagnos- ability of this characteristic is not determined), and by the slightly smaller body size of about 9 mm (compared to mostly above 10 mm in J’ fulvescens). The males are similar to females in their body size, 8.5—-9 mm, short basal tomentum on T2-4 (Fig. 3D), New bee records from Morocco 519 Figure 3. Zeétralonia aff. lanzarotensis, female, from Morocco A lateral view B dorsal view. Tetralonia aff. lanzarotensis, male, from Morocco C lateral view D dorsal view. and light flagellar segments ventrally; the ventral tubercule of hind femur is blunt and giving rise to dense, stiff sclerotised hairs. These characteristics, and to a lesser extent, also the widely emarginated lateral process of S7 (Fig. 4C), are most closely resembling T. julliani (Pérez), from which they can be easily differentiated by the elbowed gonosty- lus as seen in lateral view, with the apex produced medially, L-shaped as seen in dorsal view (compared to more gently curved and apically straight in 7’ judliani and in T. ful- vescens). The genital complex of the male, which is usually diagnostic in the Eucerini, is nearly identical in specimens from the type locality in Lanzarote and in males from continental populations in Morocco (Fig. 4D). However, both the females and males clearly differ in the sculpture (and color) of the metasomal tergites (Fig. 3B, D), hav- ing sparser punctures apicomedially on the marginal zones and wider and translucent apical impunctate margins in specimens from Lanzarote as compared to those of the continent. The males from Lanzarote also have conspicuously shorter antennae. While such differences are generally considered sufficiently diagnostic at the species level, ad- ditional study that includes molecular evidence would be useful to determine species concepts with confidence. Distribution. As far as it is known to us, the species has previously been recorded only from the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands (Reverté et al. 2023). It is first 520 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) Figure 4. 7étralonia aff. lanzarotensis, female, from Morocco A frontal view. Tetralonia aff. lanzarotensis, male, from Morocco B frontal view C metasomal sterna 6 D genital capsule. reported in this work from several localities in Morocco based on specimens from Safi and ‘Tamri near Agadir on the Atlantic coast, and a single specimen examined from Ait Ibourk near Ouarzazate. Floral preferences. Analyses of pollen removed from the scopa of ten female speci- mens from Safi, show that the species is associated exclusively with Asteraceae. More specifically eight females collected a pure sample of pollen of the subfamily Asteroidea, only one specimen collected a significant amount of pollen of Carduoidea (thistles), and another specimen collected a negligible amount of Cichorioidea. Coelioxys ruficauda Lepeletier, 1841 Material examined. Morocco. 126; Safi; 32.2587, -9.2386; 09 Apr. 2023; A. Sen- til leg.; sweep net ° 14; Safi; 32.2587, -9.2386; 15 Apr. 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net, © VO: Satize32127 31, -9:23935%2il pApr:.. 20239 As'Sentil leesisweep nets 14; Safi; 32.3356, -9.2166; 23 Apr. 2024; sweep net * 14; Safi; 32.2686, -9.2323; 25 Apr 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net ¢ 19; Safi; 32.2625, -9.2266; 30 Apr. 2023; A Sentil leg.; sweep net * 19; Safi; 32.2625, -9.2266; 01 May 2023; A. Sentil leg.; sweep net. New bee records from Morocco 524 Diagnosis. The species belongs to the subgenus Allocoelioxys, which comprises usually smaller species with scale-like hair on the body (Fig. 5A—D). This species has snow-white hairs on the body and short last metasomal segments. Very often and es- pecially in populations from North Africa, the bees display reddish pattern, especially on the last metasomal segments, parts of legs, flagellum and mandible. The portion of reddish colouration is smaller than in other related species, except Coelioxys echinatus (Warncke 1992). Both sexes have unbroken whitish apical bands on T1—-T5, while the band on male T5 is wider than in the other species. The male has unbroken whitish bands of scale-like hair on the metasoma (Fig. 5D) and the S4 is without emargination. The T2 has a transverse carina, which can differ this species from C. afer, in which this carina is absent (Fig. 5D). Medial teeth on T6 are reduced and the whole S6 is much more narrowed than in other related species (Fig. 6B). The female can be recognized by its slightly elongate last tergum and ster- num of reddish colour (Fig. 6A). The apex of SG is triangular-shaped and bears reddish hairs, and is considered typical for this species (Fig. 6A). The last metasomal segments are much narrower than those of all related species and the distance between apical tooth-like processes on last tergum and sternum is very small, much smaller than in all other similar species (Fig. 6B). Figure 5. Coelioxys ruficauda, female A lateral view B dorsal view. Coelioxys ruficauda, male C lateral view D dorsal view. B22 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) Figure 6. Coelioxys ruficauda, female A last metasomal terga, dorsal view. Coelioxys ruficauda, male B last metasomal terga, dorsal view C genitalia, dorsal view. Distribution. The species is known from southern and Central Europe, Middle East and North Africa (Warncke 1992), with the northern distribution border going through the Czech Republic (Reverté et al. 2023). In Europe, most records are known from the South-West (South of France, Spain and Portugal) (Baldock et al. 2018). It occurs mainly in dry habitats with a high proportion of salt in the ground and it is everywhere considered to be a rare species. Host. This species is a cuckoo bee and therefore does not collect pollen. Meg- achile deceptoria (P. Bogusch, personal observation) is its main host species in Central Europe. Both sexes feed on nectar of various plants, usually of the family Asteraceae (e.g., genera Centaurea, Cirsium, and Inula). Further information. Warncke (1992) found out that this species was for a long time recorded under the junior synonym Coelioxys obtusa Pérez, 1884. Discussion Despite the considerable works conducted over the last years in Morocco (Lhomme et al. 2020; Wood et al. 2020; Wood 2023a, Wood 2023b), significant knowledge gaps on bee diversity and ecology still persist. Opportunistic monitoring in a small urban area and a botanical garden, revealed three new species for Morocco, 28 new bee spe- cies for the region Marrakech Safi and a new species for science (Anthophora ahlamae, Rasmont and Wood (2024)). The three new records were expected, considering their occurrence in neighboring countries. This highlights the potential faunistic influence from Europe, Northern Africa, and regional endemism (Patiny and Michez 2007). Our results highlight the extent to which the Moroccan bee fauna remains poorly documented. Research initiatives and national monitoring programs on bee diversity, distribution, behavior and ecology are lacking. The status and trends of Moroccan bee populations are entirely unknown. Further investigations and substantial taxo- nomic changes are needed for their taxonomy and classification. Without a consistent taxonomic framework and clearer insight into national bee diversity and distribution, New bee records from Morocco 525 advanced research on the Moroccan bee fauna (e.g. population trends, national red list, factors of decline) may be hindered and future conservation actions may fail to support bees. Despite the high economic value of crop pollination and the crucial role bees play in ecosystem functioning (Klein et al. 2007; Ollerton et al. 2011; Sabbahi 2022), which have led to numerous inventories and research on bee conservation in agricultural and natural landscapes (Christmann et al. 2017, 2021; Hamroud et al. 2021; Sentil et al. 2021; Sentil et al. 2022a, Sentil et al. 2022b; Bencharki et al. 2022; El Abdouni et al. 2022), the bee fauna in urban areas remains largely unexplored. Urban areas can also drive bee decline (Oke et al. 2021). Urbanization refers to the growth and the expansion of cities, which lead to the removal of natural habitats or the fragmentation of continuous habitats (Gu et al. 2021). It is generally considered to be one of the most important factors driving pollinator decline (IPBES 2019a, 2019b) and one of the most inhospitable environments for bees (Oke et al. 2021). However, some factors, such as floral resource availability, green spaces and undisturbed sites can offer favorable microhabitats for bees (Hall et al. 2017), at least for some functional groups of bees (Fauviau et al. 2022). In Safi, the tolerance of wild flowering plants in vacant lots and field borders, along with the presence of semi-natural habitats (e.g., in cemeteries), has led to the observation of more than one-tenth of the Moroccan bee species fauna, despite the low sampling effort. The importance of urban areas as a refuge for wild bee communities has been demonstrated in many publications; for instance, one-third of the bee fauna of France has been recorded in Lyon (Fortel et al. 2014) and half of the German bee species in Berlin (Saure 1996). Cities should pro- mote pollinators for two reasons: (1) biodiversity protection and (2) pollination service provision. The expansion of urban areas worldwide is leading to significant losses in natural habitats (Wenzel et al. 2020). Thus, supporting bees that are losing their native habitats requires the incorporation of bee conservation plans in urban planning and agendas (Nilon et al. 2017). Moreover, cities with favorable bee habitats (e.g., cemeter- ies, roadside verges, parks), could act as refuges and corridors for bees (Fig. 7), and thus improve bee diversity in nearby simplified landscapes through spillover effect (Goulson et al. 2010). Additionally, bees ensure the pollination of native and ornamental plants, which in turn provide habitats and resources for other organisms, including insects, birds, and mammals. Also, high levels of biodiversity are required to boost urban eco- system resilience in the face of climate change (Engstrém et al. 2020). Therefore, it is necessary to establish and maintain bee-friendly habitats in urban areas to promote and sustain diverse bee communities. To date, no conservation strategies or initiatives have been developed to protect bees in Moroccan cities. The current knowledge of citizens about bees and the valuable services they provide is low and insufficient to catalyze the policy makers to implement conservation actions. These factors, combined with some management practices such as mowing, herbicide application and livestock grazing aggravate the pressures that bees are encountering in cities. Nevertheless, bee conservation in Moroccan cities is still possible. A first step would be the transfer of knowledge on bees, and their ecological and economic 524 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) Figure 7. photos of some wild bee species observed during insect survey on wild flowering plants A Amegilla quadrifaciata B Anthophora sp. © Eucera dentata D Anthidium strigatum E Seladonia sp. F Nomioides sp. importance to policy makers and urban planners. Second, adjust the urban manage- ment practices to promote bee-friendly environments, for instance: (i) delaying the mowing of roadside vegetation and/or reducing the mowing frequency (Chaudron et al. 2016; Wastian et al. 2016). Consider mowing the strip of vegetation immediately adjacent to roadsides, leaving the remainder of the row vegetation and the bee popu- lations it supports intact. (ii) Prohibiting the use of herbicides in cities. For example, cemeteries provide suitable nesting sites and forage sources for bees (McCune et al. 2020; Macinnis et al. 2023). However, the urban cleaning service applies annually herbicides during spring to eliminate wild flowering plants. Alternatively, instead of eradicating all the wild plant fauna, we propose to at least preserve the existing wild flowering strips around cemeteries. Conclusion Despite the considerable efforts made to explore the Moroccan fauna, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding bee diversity and ecology. National monitoring pro- grams and research initiatives on bee diversity, biogeography and ecology are impera- tives for tailoring effective conservation actions. While urbanization poses threats to New bee records from Morocco 525 bees, it can still provide suitable habitats that promote bee communities. Transferring knowledge to city planners and preventing harmful practices can mitigate pressures on urban bee populations and ensure their preservation. Acknowledgements We warmly thank Jakub Straka, Andreas Miiller, Romain Le Divelec, Thomas James Wood, Pierre Rasmont, Simone Flaminio, Max Kasparek and Christophe Praz for bee identification. We would like to thank Abderrahim El Karmy and Isaad Es-Sayeh for their help with fieldwork. This research was supported by the Federation Wallonia — Brussels (FNRS) and the Institute for bioscience, Belgium. References Al-Shahat AM, Hossni MT (2020) Taxonomic revision of genus Lithurgus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of Egypt with a new record. 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Biological Conservation 215: 72-80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.09.009 530 Ahlam Sentil et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 513-530 (2024) Supplementary material | List of bee species collected during the course of the study Authors: Ahlam Sentil, Paolo Rosa, Clément Tourbez, Achik Dorchin, Petr Bogusch, Denis Michez Data type: xlsx Explanation note: The table summarizes the list of bee species collected during the course of the study. The bee species abundance (the number of bee individuals collected per genus) are indicated. The bee species newly recorded in the region Marrakech Safi are written in bold and highlighted in green. Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODDbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.125408.suppl1