JHR 96: 847-862 (2023) Agee eS, JOURNAL OF SRawentenicetiantt

doi: 10.3897/jhr.96. 108825 RESEARCH ARTICLE () Hymenopter a
%

https://jhr.pensoft.net The Inarasional Society of Hymenopeeriss, RESEARCH

Three new species of Amphibulus Kriechbaumer
(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae)
from China with a key to species known from the
Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic Regions

Tao Li', Zai-Hua Yang’, Shu-Ping Sun', Mao-Ling Sheng'

| Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration,
58 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou,
550005, China

Corresponding author: Mao-Ling Sheng (shengmaoling@163.com)

Academic editor: Tamara Spasojevic | Received 4 July 2023 | Accepted 15 October 2023 | Published 20 October 2023
https://zoobank. org/5F7DA036-1 BOO-4FCF-9FE4-A8ACA8253992

Citation: Li T, Yang Z-H, Sun S-P, Sheng M-L (2023) Three new species of Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae) from China with a key to species known from the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic

Regions. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96. 108825

Abstract

Three new species of Amphibulus Kriechbaumer, 1893, collected from the northern border of the Oriental
part of China, are described and illustrated: A. areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov., A. rufithorax Sheng,
Li & Yang, sp. nov. collected from Guizhou province, and A. guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov. collected
from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A key to the species of the genus known in the Oriental and

Eastern Palaearctic Regions is provided.

Keywords

Asia, Endaseina, Guangxi, Guizhou, taxonomy

Introduction

The subfamily Phygadeuontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) was raised to sub-
family status from within Cryptinae by Santos (2017), which was corroborated by
Bennett et al. (2019) and followed by other authors (e.g., Broad et al. 2018).

Copyright Tao Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

848 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

Amphibulus Kriechbaumer is a relatively small genus belonging to the subfam-
ily Phygadeuontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) currently comprising 27 species
(Yu et al. 2016), of which four are from the Eastern Palaearctic (one of which also oc-
curring in the Oriental Region), two from the Western Palaearctic, six from the Nearc-
tic, two from the Oriental Region (Luhman 1991), one from the Afrotropical and 15
from the Neotropical Region (Yu et al. 2016).

Sawoniewicz (1990) revised the European species of the genus. More species and
a revision and a key to the species of the world Amphibulus was reported by Luh-
man (1991). Three species, A. albimaculatus Sheng, 1999, A. melanarius Zong, Sun &
Sheng, 2013, and A. orientalis Luhman 1991, are known from China.

In the last five years the authors, Sheng, Li and their research group, have been
exploring the forests in Guizhou province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,
in the Oriental part of China, and collected large numbers of ichneumonids. In this
article three new species of Amphibulus, collected in these areas, are described.

Materials and methods

Specimens were collected with intercept traps (Li et al. 2012) in the forests of Fan-
jingshan and Leigongshan National Natural Reserves, Guizhou, and Shiwandashan
National Natural Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Oriental part of
China in 2018 to 2022.

Images were taken using a Leica M205A stereomicroscope with LAS Montage
MultiFocus software. Morphological terminology is based on Broad et al. (2018). All
type specimens are deposited in the Insect Museum, Center for Biological Disaster
Prevention and Control (CBDPC), National Forestry and Grassland Administration,
Shenyang, P. R. China.

Results

Amphibulus Kriechbaumer, 1893
Amphibulus Kriechbaumer, 1893:122. Type species: Amphibulus gracilis Kriechbaumer.

Complete diagnosis. Provided in Townes (1970), Luhman (1991) and Zong et al. (2013).

Summary diagnosis. The genus is characterized by clypeus large, apical margin
thick and slightly raised. Lower tooth of mandible shorter than upper tooth. Dorsal
edge of face with small, rounded median tubercle. Occipital carina reaching hypos-
tomal carina above base of mandible. Posterior edge of mesoscutum with transverse
suture. Scutoscutellar groove without median longitudinal carina. Epicnemial carina
approaching anterior edge of mesopleuron. Sternaulus reaching to posterior margin
of mesopleuron, usually sculptured anterior portion. Latero-median carinae of first

The species of Amphibulus from China 849

tergite weak or absent. Tip of ovipositor (Figs 3E, 6C, 8H) elongate lanceolate, nodus
indistinct (Luhman 1991, Zong et al. 2013).

Key to the species of Amphibulus Kriechbaumer known from the Oriental
and Eastern Palaearctic Regions

i

2

Clypeus about 2.5 x as wide as long, apical margin distinctly lifted. Postpeti-
ole 2.0 x as wide as long. Tergites 2—6 orange. (Pakistan) ....... cesses eeeeeees
Me Gee he Ne Ore ta te UBT Seance Ne honk oie cosa tae’ A. salicis Luhman, 1991
Clypeus about 3.0 x as wide as long, apical margin not or only slightly lifted.
Postpetiole less than 2.0 x as wide as long. ‘Tergites 2—6 black, or at most ter-
BITES DA, OPA Ces cian wee salen minis aa se marist 2 an Limtanhs ch lbaste eet iets Paaavalsonnt eet 3
Lower end of occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina at mandibular

Lower end of occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina distinctly above
iev-BeYable] ella oko eee Se att Meet OF, Ure aie ee RE vee Oe eon EME 5
Fore wing with ramulus present. Clypeus white or pale yellow. Tergites 2—3
mostly orange. (Female unknown). (Korea) ......... A. bicolor Luhman, 1991
Fore wing without ramulus. Clypeus and tergites 2—3 black. (China) ...........
Pe eet ee, Sen eee ee A, guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov.
Propodeum without apophysis. Flagellomeres 10 and 11 with distinct ty-
loids. Apices of tergites 2—6 yellowish. (China, Japan).........ceeeesesseeseeeeeeees
Wee eres ce ees Se ee Set ER Me Ee A. orientalis Luhman, 1991
Propodeum with apophysis. Flagellomeres at least 10 to 12 with distinct ty-
loids. Apices of tergites 2—6 almost entirely black... ee eeeeeeeeeeees 6
Area basalis and superomedia separated by strong carina, with distinct sculp-
ture. Posterior end of first sternite distinctly basad of spiracle. Mesosoma
8 20) ce) cE Seeale Reet et Sacer Setf eee Pe A, areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov.
Area basalis and superomedia almost entirely confluent, smooth, shiny. Poste-
rior end of first sternite reaching level of spiracle. Mesopleuron and propodeum
darkish red. (Female unknown) (China).......... A. albimaculatus Sheng, 1999
Posterior end of first sternite distinctly basad of spiracle. All coxae brown to
BE CCHIS LDH OMEN irae cee ex nu carte due ar da aaavicear save se asta cas exeves ance tue eeoes aarugseees 8
Posterior end of first sternite reaching level of spiracle. Coxae with different
CO OEAHOI eevee sayvecees wears, tease sce nase ner eb ue wemaee hus marr etns owt 9
Area basalis and superomedia entirely confluent. Propodeal spiracle almost cir-
cular. Postpetiole with dense longitudinal wrinkles and indistinct punctures.
(Male unknown) (China)............. A. melanarius Zong, Sun & Sheng, 2013
Area basalis and superomedia (Fig. 3C) separated by strong carina. Propodeal
spiracle 3.0 x as long as wide. Postpetiole (Fig. 3D) smooth, without wrinkles,
sparsely indistinctly punctate.......... A. areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov.

850 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

9 Clypeus about 2.5 x as wide as long. Median portion of flagellomeres brown-
ish. Coxae black. Tergites 2-6 orange... A, salicis Luhman, 1991
_ Clypeus about 3.0 x as wide as long. Flagellum with median white band.
Coxae red, orange or brown, or at least with orange or brown spots. Tergites

2 GADlACKs Cab OLANGELO ID RO WINE C211 ces eunatsarlsehoatiuetedl ald nonce Ooctal oh Sobmuilect 10
10 Lower end of occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina at mandibular base.
dees ree RSS 0 ETO) Diath Ob sic NAN 5 er ye LE crane nee iry RO 11

— Lower end of occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina distinctly above
mandibular base. Tergites 2—5 dark orangish or brownish 0.0.0... cess eee
eben SeNiey wy 107 thee Bee koa Steer mit ten RU are mayest neta eon, A. orientalis Luhman, 1991
1 Malar space 0.4 x as long as basal width of mandible. Propodeum (Fig. 5D)
with distinct apophysis. Area superomedia 0.6 x as wide as long. First tergite
(Fig. 6A) reddish brown. (China)........ A, guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov.
— Malar space 0.6 x as long as basal width of mandible. Propodeum (Fig. 8D)
without apophysis. Area superomedia wider than its length. First tergite
(Fig. 8E) almost entirely black. (Male unknown). (China)... eee
Eis toandeapunsttal sar atnsscist Saab eens ethon A. rufithorax Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov.

Amphibulus areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/A1208338-9876-4FF6-B80C-ECB92CA80AE4
Figs 1-3

Diagnosis. Gena (Figs 1C, 2B) slightly convex medio-longitudinally, with dense punc-
tures. Postocellar line 0.7 x as long as ocular-ocellar line. Areolet (Figs 1A, 3B) receiv-
ing vein 2m-cu at posterior 0.2. Metapleuron with coarse dense punctures. Propodeum
with area basalis distinctly wider than long, reversed trapezoidal. Area superomedia
(Fig. 3C) wider than long. Tergites smooth. Posterior end of first sternite distinctly
basad of spiracle. Flagellomeres 10—12 (13) of male with tyloids. Head, mesosoma and
tergites 16 entirely black.

Description. Female. Body length 8.6—10.1 mm. Fore wing length 6.8-8.0 mm.
Ovipositor sheath length approximately 2.1—2.3 mm.

Head. Inner eye orbits divergent ventrally. Face (Fig. 1B) 2.0 x as wide as long, con-
vex medially, with dense longitudinal punctures; dorsal margin with median small tu-
bercle. Anterior tentorial pit relatively large, transversely elliptic. Median point of clypeal
sulcus below line reaching ventral margins of eyes. Clypeus (Fig. 1B) shiny, distinctly
convex, with sparse irregular punctures, 3.1 x as wide as long, apical margin weakly
evenly arched forward, distinctly convex medially. Mandible (Fig. 2A) with transverse
wrinkles, dense yellow brown setae and sparse punctures; teeth strong, upper tooth 1.5 x
longer than lower tooth. Subocular sulcus indistinct. Malar space 0.5 x as long as basal
width of mandible. Gena (Figs 1C, 2B) in dorsal view 0.8-0.9 x as long as width of
eye, slightly convex median-longitudinally, with more or less dense punctures, distance
between punctures mainly 0.2 to 1.0 x their diameter. Vertex (Fig. 2B) and frons with

The species of Amphibulus from China 851

Figure |. Amphibulus areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov., 2°, holotype (CBDPC) A habitus, lateral view
B head, anterior view C head, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C).

texture as gena. Postocellar line 0.7 x as long as ocular-ocellar line. Antenna with 27-28
flagellomeres. Flagellomeres 11 to 25 slightly wider than long, slightly flattened in ven-
tral profile. Ratios of lengths from first to fifth flagellomeres: 1.1:1.2:1.1:1.1:1.0. Oc-
cipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina distinctly above base of mandible.
Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 2C) with yellow brown setae; dorsal posterior area
shiny, with distinct punctures; lower portion with dense oblique transverse wrinkles.
Epomia long, strong. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2D) shiny, with uneven punctures, poste-
ro-median portion with irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Notauli distinct anteriorly.
Scutoscutellar groove steep, with distinct longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum slightly

852 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

WW / 4 Us 1 Se f \
Figure 2. Amphibulus areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A mandibles B head,

dorsal view C pronotum, lateral view D mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A,

B); 0.3 mm (C, D).

7 ol ry r,

convex, with irregular punctures and weak longitudinal wrinkles; lateral carina reach-
ing almost to apex. Antero-lateral portion of postscutellum with deep concavity, pos-
terior portion distinctly convex transversely. Mesopleuron (Fig. 3A) with irregular
transverse wrinkles, median portion with uneven punctures; speculum small. Dorsal
end of epicnemial carina closing anterior margin of mesopleuron, almost reaching
to 0.5 distance to subtegular ridge. Metapleuron slightly convex, with dense punc-
tures and yellow brown setae; juxtacoxal carina almost complete. Anterior portion
of submetapleural carina strongly convex. Fore wing (Figs 1A, 3B) with vein lcu-a
almost opposite 1/M. Areolet pentagonal, lateral veins convergent forwardly, receiv-
ing vein 2m-cu approximately at posterior 0.2. Postnervulus intercepted distinctly be-
low middle. Hind wing vein 1-cu strongly inclivous, 3.0 x as long as cu-a. Ratio of
length of hind tarsomeres from first to fifth: 6.4:2.8:2.0:1.0:2.5. Propodeum (Fig. 3C)
completely areolated; apophysis distinct; area basalis reversed trapezoid, anterior half
smooth, posterior with sparse punctures. Area superomedia wider than long, receiving

The species of Amphibulus from China 853

=>

rae 4 “
Nt ct 3 ae
Ng Ee tpl ROO

Figure 3. Amphibulus areolaris Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A mesosoma, lateral

view B areolet C propodeum D metasoma, dorsal view E ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm

(A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C); 0.3 mm (E).

854 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

costula slightly before its middle, with indistinct punctures. Remainder areas with in-
distinct punctures, irregular weak wrinkles and yellow brown setae. Propodeal spiracle
relatively larger, obliquely elliptic, approximate 3.0 x as long as wide.

Metasoma (Fig. 3D). First tergite approximately 1.9 x as long as posterior width,
smooth, shiny. Postpetiole distinctly widened posteriorly, posterior width approximate-
ly 1.3 x as its length, anterior and lateral portions with weak sparse punctures; latero-
median carina indistinct; dorso-lateral and ventro-lateral carinae complete. Posterior
end of first sternite distinctly basad of spiracle. Spiracle circular, small, located approxi-
mately at posterior 0.4 of first tergite. Tergites 2-4 shiny. Second tergite smooth, 0.5 x
as long as posterior width, with sparse indistinct fine punctures. Third tergite 0.47 x
as long as maximum width, with texture as second tergite, punctures denser than on
second tergite. Fourth tergite with distinct fine punctures, denser than on third tergite.
Ovipositor sheath 0.8 x as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor (Fig. 3E) compressed, with
indistinct subapical nodus and weak notch; ventral valve with three weak teeth.

Coloration (Fig. 1A). Black, except the following: dorsal profiles of flagellomeres
7-12 white, ventrally slightly brownish black; apical portion of flagellum brown to
dark brown. Median portion of mandible, maxillary and labial palpi darkish red. Fore
and mid coxae brown to darkish brown; femora, basal portions of tibiae and tarsi pre-
dominantly dark brown. Hind coxa and trochanter brown; tarsomeres brownish black.
Posterior margins of tergites 6-8 white medially.

Male. Body length 8.8—11.2 mm. Fore wing length 6.4-8.4 mm. Antenna with 26—
28 flagellomeres. Flagellomeres 10—12 (13) with tyloids. Face 1.6 x as wide as long. Cl-
ypeus 2.6 x as wide as long. Median portion of mesopleuron smooth. Area superomedia
of propodeum 2.0 x as wide as long. Apophysis indistinct. Black, except for following:
Ventral profiles of flagellomeres 1-5, maxillary and labial palpi, fore tibia and first tar-
somere yellowish brown. Flagellomeres 6—13, hind tarsomeres 1 apically and 2—4 white.
Fore and mid femora reddish brown. Remainder of characteristics similar to female.

Etymology. ‘The specific name is derived from the area superomedia being wider.

Material examined. Holotype. Cu1na * 9; Guizhou Province, Fanjingshan Na-
tional Natural Reserve; 31 May 2019; leg. Tao Li; CBDPC.

Paratypes. Cuina * 1 2,5 4; same data as holotype except: Fanjingshan Na-
tional Natural Reserve, Yapanlin; 15 May to 7 July 2019; IT by Mao-Fei Tian; CB-
DPC * 1 6; same data as holotype except: Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve,
Lengjiaba; 11 September 2019; IT by Zheng-Hai Yang; CBDPC.

Amphibulus guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/ D69A3AG6B-1698-45 DF-A8DE-BB0F25235279
Figs 4—6

Diagnosis. Gena (Figs 4C, 5A) evenly convergent posteriorly, with sparse uneven
punctures. Clypeus smooth, shiny, subanterior margin with fine indistinct punctures.
Propodeum (Fig. 5D) almost smooth, shiny, with indistinctly finely punctate. Area

The species of Amphibulus from China 855

Figure 4. Amphibulus guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A habitus, lateral view
B head, anterior view C head dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C).

superomedia 0.6 x as wide as long. Tergites (Fig. 6A) shiny, with sparse fine punctures.
First sternite reaching level of spiracle. Head and tergites 2—5 entirely black; Mesosoma
and first tergite reddish to yellowish brown.

Description. Female. Body length 6.8—7.0 mm. Fore wing length 4.5-4.8 mm.
Ovipositor sheath length approximately 1.2—1.4 mm.

Head. Face (Fig. 4B) 2.2 x as wide as long, slightly convex medially, with weak
punctures, distance between punctures mainly 0.5 to 1.5 x their diameter, sparser
laterally. Anterior tentorial pit relatively large, almost circular. Median point of clypeal
sulcus above level of line reaching lower margins of eyes. Clypeus smooth, 3.2 x as
wide as long, evenly convex, with sparse indistinct punctures and long brown hairs;
apical margin evenly arched forward. Mandible with fine punctures; upper tooth 3.3 x
as long as lower tooth. Malar space 0.4 x as long as basal width of mandible. Gena
(Figs 4C, 5A) shiny, in dorsal view 0.3—0.4 x as long as width of eye, evenly convergent
posteriorly, with sparse uneven punctures. Vertex (Fig. 4C) with distinct punctures,

856 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

7

ba wh

Yer} dee

Figure 5 5. tie guiicus Shae Li & Sun, sp. nov., 9, holotype (CBDPC) A head, lateral view

B mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm

(A, C, D); 0.3 mm (B).

denser on stemmaticum than lateral and posterior portion. Postocellar line 0.8 x as
long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons with dense punctures. Antenna with 23-26 flagel-
lomeres. Flagellomeres 11 to 22(23) almost wider than long, ventral slightly flattened
in ventral view. Ratios of lengths from first to fifth flagellomeres: 1.0:1.2:1.3:1.3:1.2.
Occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina almost near base of mandible.
Mesosoma. Dorsal and anterior portion of pronotum (Fig. 5C) shiny, media-
posterior with indistinct oblique wrinkles, dorsal posterior portion with distinct fine
punctures. Epomia long, strong, lower end reaching to anterior margin of pronotum,
dorsal end almost reaching dorsal margin. Mesoscutum (Fig. 5B) shiny, lateral and
anterior portions almost smooth, with sparse indistinct fine punctures, posteromedian
portion with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles and fine punctures. Anterior portion of
notaulus distinct. Scutoscutellar groove shiny, with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles.
Scutellum with texture as lateral portion of mesoscutum, basal portion of lateral ca-

The species of Amphibulus from China 857

Figure 6. Amphibulus guiicus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A metasoma, dorsal view B
tergite 1, lateral view C posterior portion of ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C).

rina present anteriorly. Postscutellum transverse, smooth, with deep antero-lateral pits.
Dorsal portion of mesopleuron (Fig. 5C) almost smooth, shiny, with sparse indistinct
punctures; median portion with indistinct oblique wrinkles; lower slightly convex.
Speculum indistinct. Metapleuron (Fig. 5C) evenly convex, with sparse fine punctures;
lower portion with indistinct wrinkles. Juxtacoxal carina complete. Anterior portion of
submetapleural carina distinctly convex. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres from first
to fifth: 6.9:2.6:1.9:1.0:1.8. Fore wing with vein lcu-a opposite 1/M. Areolet pen-
tagonal, lateral veins weakly convergent forward, receiving vein 2m-cu approximately
at posterior 0.4. Hind wing vein 1-cu strongly inclivous, 3.0 x as long as cu-a. Pro-
podeum (Fig. 5D) almost completely areolated, carinae strong; almost smooth, shiny,
with sparse indistinct fine punctures. Area basalis almost triangular. Area superomedia
0.6 x as wide as long, receiving costula slightly before its middle. Apophysis distinct.
Propodeal spiracle obliquely elliptic, approximate 3.2 x as long as wide.

Metasoma (Fig. 6A). First tergite (Fig. GA, B) smooth, shiny, approximately 2.1 x
as long as posterior width, median portion somewhat prismatic. Postpetiole evenly wid-
ened posteriorly, posterior width distinctly longer than its length. Latero-median carina
weakly present; Dorso-lateral and ventro-lateral carinae present. First sternite reaching
level of spiracle. Spiracle small, circular, located approximately at posterior 0.3 of first ter-
gite. Tergites 2-4 (Fig. 6A) shiny. Second tergite smooth, strongly widened posteriorly,
0.6 x as long as posterior width, lateral with sparse indistinct fine punctures. Third tergite
almost parallel laterally, with distinct even setae. Remaining tergites with dense short
setae. Ovipositor sheath 0.8 x as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor (Fig. 6C) slightly com-
pressed, subapical nodus indistinct, with weak notch; ventral valve with two weak teeth.

Coloration (Fig. 4A). Mainly black, reddish brown and white. Head black; maxil-
lary and labial palpi yellowish white; mandible, scape and pedicel brownish yellow; dor-
sal profiles of flagellomeres 7—11 (12) white. Mesosoma reddish brown. Fore and mid-

858 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

dle coxae and all trochanters whitish yellow; remainder of fore and middle legs, hind
coxa and subbase of tibia and tarsus predominantly yellowish brown; hind femur and
posterior portion of tibia brownish black. First tergite reddish brown; tergites 2—6 black;
tergites 7-8 white, blackish brown laterally. Pterostigma and wing veins brownish black.

Male. Body length 4.1—-7.0 mm. Fore wing length 3.4-4.8 mm. Antenna with
22-25 flagellomeres. Flagellomeres 10-12 with tyloids. Face 2.1 x as wide as long. Cl-
ypeus 2.8 x as wide as long. Occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina above base of
mandible. Area superomedia 1.0—1.2 x as wide as long, receiving costula at its anterior
0.3. Apophysis indistinct. Basal and ventral profiles of flagellomeres yellowish brown,
dorsal profiles dark brown. Remainder of characteristics similar to female.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, gui, the Chinese
abbreviation for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Material examined. Holotype. Cuina * 9; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region, Shiwandashan National Natural Reserve; 275 m; 13 November 2018; IT by
Qing-Tang Huang; CBDPC.

Paratypes. Cu1na * 1 9; same data as holotype; CBDPC ¢ 7 4; same data as
holotype except: 20 November to 4 December 2018; CBDPC ¢ 3 29; same data as
holotype except: 29 April to 15 May 2019; CBDPC * 1 9; same data as holotype ex-
cept: Dayaoshan National Natural Reserve, Shengtangshan; 1520 m; 30 January 2019;
IT by Tao Li; CBDPC ¢ 8 43; same data as holotype; CBDPC.

Amphibulus rufithorax Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/1A98A643-78BD-4895-BE43-3A1801AB121B
Figs 7, 8

Diagnosis. Frons (Fig. 8A) with coarse dense punctures. Fore wing (Fig. 7A) vein lcu-a
distinctly distal to M&RS; areolet receiving vein 2m-cu approximately at its middle. Lateral
carinae of area basalis (Fig. 8D) mostly vestigial. Area superomedia almost as wide as long,
receiving costula at anterior 0.3. First sternite reaching level of spiracle. Head and tergites
2-6 almost entirely black; First tergite predominantly black. Mesosoma reddish brown.

Description. Female. Body length 4.9-6.7 mm. Fore wing length 4.1—5.1 mm.
Ovipositor sheath length 1.1—1.2 mm.

Head. Face (Fig. 7B) 2.3 x as wide as long, evenly convex medially, dense punc-
tures and irregular indistinct longitudinal wrinkles medially; lateral side smooth, sparsely
punctate. Anterior tentorial pit relatively large, obliquely elliptic. Median point of cl-
ypeal sulcus above level of line reaching lower margins of eyes. Clypeus smooth, shiny,
2.9 x as wide as long, evenly convex apically; with sparse fine punctures; apical margin
weakly arched forward. Mandible with dense fine punctures; upper tooth 3.0 x as long
as lower tooth. Malar space 0.6 x as long as basal width of mandible. Gena in dorsal view
0.62—0.65 x as long as width of eye, evenly slightly convergent backwardly, with irregular
punctures, distance between punctures 0.5 to 3.0 x their diameter. Vertex (Fig. 7C) with
sparse punctures and long brown setae. Stemmaticum with relatively dense punctures.
Postocellar line 0.7 x as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons (Fig. 8A) with dense punctures,

The species of Amphibulus from China 859

Figure 7. Amphibulus rufithorax Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A habitus, lateral
view B head, anterior view C head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C).

distance between punctures at most 0.5 x their diameter, lateral sparser than median por-
tion. Antenna with 23-25 flagellomeres. Flagellomeres 11 to 23 (26) slightly flattened
in ventral view. Ratios of lengths from first to fifth flagellomeres: 5.5:6.1:5.7:5.5:5.2.

Occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina at base of mandible.

860 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 8C) almost shiny, with indistinct fine punctures; lower
portion with indistinct fine oblique wrinkles. Epomia long, lower end almost reach-
ing to lower-anterior margin of pronotum, dorsal end almost reaching dorsal margin.
Mesoscutum (Fig. 8B) shiny, lateral and anterior portions almost smooth, with shallow
punctures; posteromedian portion with short irregular longitudinal wrinkles and fine
punctures. Anterior end of notaulus distinct. Scutoscutellar groove deep, with distinct
longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum shiny, almost smooth, with few punctures; lateral
carina present anteriorly. Postscutellum smooth, shiny, with deep antero-lateral pits.
Anterior and lower portions of mesopleuron (Fig. 8C) with dense punctures and setae,
dorsal posterior shiny, with sparse fine punctures. Speculum small, indistinct. Dorsal
end of epicnemial carina almost reaching to 0.5 distance to subtegular ridge. Meta-
pleuron (Fig. 8C) weakly convex, with dense setae and relatively sparse fine punctures.

Median portion of juxtacoxal carina vestigial. Anterior portion of submetapleural ca-
rina strongly lobe-shaped convex. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres from first to fifth:

3 ov h

4 - = y

Figure 8. Amphibulus rufithorax Sheng, Li & Yang, sp. nov., 2, holotype (CBDPC) A head, dorso-
anterior view B mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum E tergite
1, dorsal view F tergite 1, lateral view G tergites 2—3, dorsal view H posterior portion of ovipositor, lateral
view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B=H).

The species of Amphibulus from China 861

5.8:2.2:1.6:1.0:1.8. Wings slightly gray, hyaline; vein 1cu-a distinctly distal to M&RS.
Areolet pentagonal, lateral veins strongly convergent forwardly, receiving vein 2m-cu
approximately at its middle. Postnervulus intercepted at lower 0.3. Hind wing vein
1-cu strongly inclivous, 3.0 x as long as cu-a. Propodeum (Fig. 8D) smooth, shiny,
indistinctly punctate peripherally, completely areolated. Apophysis indistinct. Area ba-
salis reversed trapezoidal, lateral carina mostly vestigial. Area superomedia hexagonal,
maximum width slightly wider than its length, reaching costula at anterior 0.35. Pro-
podeal spiracle elongate, approximate 1.4 x as long as wide.

Metasoma. First tergite (Fig. 8E, F) approximately 3.0 x as long as posterior width,
smooth, shiny, with very sparse punctures; posterior half evenly widened posteriorly. Post-
petiole approximately as long as its width. Latero-median carina indistinct; dorso-lateral
and ventro-lateral carinae weak, complete. First sternite reaching level of spiracle. Spiracle
circular, small, located approximately at posterior 0.4 of first tergite. Tergites 2-3 (Fig.
8G) almost smooth, shiny. Second tergite 0.6 x as long as posterior width, with sparse
indistinct fine punctures. Third tergite approximately 0.5 x as long as maximum width,
slightly convergent posteriorly. Remainder tergites with fine punctures and distinct setae.
Ovipositor sheath 0.8 x as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor (Fig. 8H) compressed, with
indistinct subapical nodus and weak notch; ventral valve with two indistinct teeth.

Coloration (Fig. 7A). Head black; ventral profiles of scape and pedicel, mandible,
maxillary and labial palpi yellowish brown; flagellomeres 7-11 white dorsally. Meso-
soma almost entirely red brown. Fore and middle legs dark brown, except coxae and
trochanters, fore femur apically and tibia whitish yellow. Hind coxa predominantly,
trochanter, femur (apex black) darkish red, subbase of tibia brownish yellow. Posterior
half of first tergite irregularly brown. Tergites 2—6 black, apical margins narrowly yel-
low. Tergites 7-8 white medially, black brown laterally. Wing veins brownish black;
Pterostigma brown medially.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the mesosoma being entirely red brown.

Material examined. Holotype. Cu1na * 9; Guizhou Province, Fanjingshan Na-
tional Natural Reserve, Yapanlin; 1250 m; 15 May 2019; IT by Mao-Fei Tian; CBDPC.

Paratypes. CHINA * 2 99; same data as holotype except: Lengjiaba; 840 m; 14
to 21 October 2019; IT by Zheng-Hai Yang; CBDPC ¢ 1 9; same data as holotype;
CBDPC ¢ 8 99; Guizhou Province, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve; 1760 m;
17 June to 6 August 2019; IT by Wan-Xin Pan; CBDPC.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful to Drs Tamara Spasojevic (Natural History Museum
Basel, Switzerland), Bernardo FE. Santos (Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery,
Museum fiir Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science,
Berlin, Germany) and Maryam Zardouei Heydari (Iran) for reviewing this manu-

script. The authors thank Mr. Qing-Tang Huang (Forestry bureau of Shangsi, Guangxi

862 Tao Liet al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 847-862 (2023)

Zhuang Autonomous Region, China) for his help in the course of exploration in Shi-
wandashan National Forest Park, Shangsi. This research was supported by National
Key R & D Program of China (No. 2022YFD1401000) and the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31501887).

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