Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 | DOI 10.3897/zse.99.110878 yee BERLIN Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin Paul Taku Bisong!, Jason Dunlop‘, Catarina Madruga® 1 Museum fiir Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrape 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2 German Foundation for Lost Art (DZK), and Centre for Humanities of Nature, Museum fiir Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrafbe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany https://zoobank. org/F6C6E092-BD56-49C2-A0D4-6F552B36C4B9 Corresponding author: Paul Taku Bisong (pbisong@hotmail.com) Academic editor: M. TR Hawkins # Received 9 August 2023 Accepted 22 September 2023 # Published 19 October 2023 Abstract Historical data, combined with current data on species distribution, are a valuable resource for tracking changes in biodiversity and can potentially be applied to developing models in conservation biology and designing and assessing conservation strategies. Historical data supporting current knowledge on the natural history of the African continent are primarily held in Western museums. The Zoologisches Museum Berlin (ZMB), which is today part of the Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), is the primary source of reference for zoological collections from former German colonial territories including Cameroon. Here, we document for the first time a catalogue of the type material in the mammal collection of the MfN from the point of view of a geographical region. The type collection includes 91 type specimens identified in the catalogues as originating from German ‘Kamerun’ and which correspond to 31 described species, of which 12 are currently accepted (valid) species names. Of the 31 described species, 21 are represented by holotypes, three para-holotype series, one para-lectotype series and six syntype series. We hope that this first analysis of zoological objects, based on geographical location, will lead to similar research on other geographical locations of collection. This could pro- vide more information on the provenance of collections and on colonial collecting practices, as well as contribute to the accessibility of collections in Western museums. Key Words Africa, colonial collecting, historical collections, Mammalia, type material, specimen, Zoologisches Museum Berlin Introduction Zoological collections have been described as the main archive of animal biodiversity on Earth (Bogutskaya et al. 2022) and constitute a long-standing physical record of past species occurrences (Boakes et al. 2010; John- son et al. 2011; Holmes et al. 2016). They represent a much more extensive record than ecological long-term surveys which only became established in the 1980s. Researchers have emphasised the role of natural his- tory collections as a resource for detecting long-term changes in geographic range, phenology, abundance and species’ evolution (Boakes et al. 2010). Furthermore, it is predicted that zoological collections could enable a better understanding of current condition of biomes and contribute to the development of better strategies for the management of biological resources (Ade et al 2001; Suarez and Tsutsui 2004). Type specimens are the original and unique representatives of a taxon and are the most important part of a zoological collection (Bogutskaya et al. 2022). Their descriptions have been published and would ideally contain information on the collector of the specimen, the locality of collection, the date of collection, the author of the description and the characteristics attributed to the specimen by the author. Hence, they represent physical vouchers that retain the diagnostic characters underlying the description of a new taxon. In addition to being the reference for a sci- Copyright Taku Bisong, P. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 504 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin entific name, they also serve as a scientific memory for later research (Acharya and Subedi 2005). Historical data supporting current knowledge of the natural history of the African continent are primarily held in Western museums and similar collections (Ashby and Machin 2021). Between 1891 and 1920, Berlin held a mandate as a clearing house for all zoological, pale- ontological, botanical and ethnographic collections ob- tained on German official expeditions in colonial territo- ries (Kaiser 2021). The Museum fir Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), part of which was formerly known as the Zoolo- gisches Museum Berlin and whose zoological collections are abbreviated as ‘ZMB’, 1s thus the primary source of reference for all colonial zoological collections in Ger- many from former German colonial territories including German ‘Kamerun’. Cameroon continues to seek ways to improve conser- vation policies and the sustainable use of biological re- sources. Historical data, combined with current data on species distributions, are a valuable resource for tracking changes in biodiversity and can potentially be applied to developing models in conservation biology, design- ing and assessing conservation initiatives and tracking progress in conserving overall biodiversity (Boakes et al. 2010). Hence, information on collections and research on species’ distribution and biodiversity loss in Cameroon could contribute to the establishment of better conserva- tion policies, especially when applied to specific local- ities. In 2015, Cameroon’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER) requested that research organisations on Cameroon’s biome make their research findings available to policy-makers in the country for consideration of legislative procedures on its biodiversity (MINADER 2015). Therefore, there is a strong incentive to make the Berlin Museum’s data on Cameroon collec- tions available to both the country’s government and to Cameroonian researchers or other interested parties who cannot access the Museum directly. This paper, therefore, offers an initial study exploring the potential of data repa- triation to Cameroon. Here, we focus on documenting type material in the MfN’s mammal collection which are considered in the catalogues as originating from German ‘Kamerun’, which includes the contemporary territory of Cameroon and parts of today’s Central African Republic and Nige- ria. By accessing a range of source materials on spec- imens, including their original tags, skull inscriptions, scientific publications, historical catalogues and archival shipment lists, we present for the first time a complete inventory of the type specimens from ‘Kamerun’ in the mammal collection, including the implicated suppliers, collection dates and type localities (incompletely docu- mented). Unfortunately, the available information in the catalogues and historical sources consulted do not allow for more precise details on habitat, elevation and actual geographical coordinates, which would have been desir- able. However, the results of this study may be valuable to several stakeholders, including conservation biolo- zse.pensoft.net gists, taxonomists, ecologists and historians, as well as the Cameroonian Government and collection managers. The data presented here may be improved and expanded in the future, to include more detailed information and, therefore, contribute to extrapolating species distribu- tions from the particular historical time period, in the specific localities in West Africa. This study also aims to provide a starting point for the discussion of digital and physical access to the collections, as well as consid- erations on data repatriation from German museums to former colonial regions where they could be of more rel- evance. This was the first step of a collaborative project on the identification of shipments of natural history spec- imens from the territories of ‘Kamerun’ during the period of German occupation. Methods Ninety-one specimens with potential type status from ‘Kamerun’ registered in the digital database (“Spec- ify”) of the mammal collections of the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin were assessed, including those whose type status required clarification. The specimens included dry preparations of skins, skulls and skeletal parts, as well as wet collections in 70% ethanol. Speci- men reference numbers are in the format ZMB_ Mam _ XXXXX, where “ZMB” is the universally accepted abbreviation for the Zoologisches Museum Berlin and “Mam” is the shorthand for the mammal collection. The number refers to the five-digit general catalogue number of the specimen. For each specimen, we also assessed, when available, the shipment number and shipment entry in the accession catalogue (the “A-cat- alogue” number). Where necessary, we employed Ar- ticle 73.2.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 4" Edition 1999), which places the collection locality of the holotype or lectotype as the collection locality of the species or sub-species over those of the paratypes or paralectotypes. In other words, for a type series with specimens from different collec- tion localities, the collection locality of the designat- ed holotype or lectotype becomes the /ocus typicus of the species. We also included the conservation status of each species drawing on the Red List of threatened spe- cies from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The annotated list of type specimens collected from Cameroon in the Mammal Department of the Museum (see Results) is arranged in alphabetical order. Nomenclature follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) with respect to valid names and synonyms. Photographs of the relevant type ma- terial are being made as part of the wider digitisation projects at the MfN and will subsequently be available online through the museum portal. These will also con- tribute to further planned detailed studies (Taku Bisong, in prep.) addressing specific aspects of the Cameroon holdings in this collection. Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Results The type collection in Berlin includes 31 described and named species, of which 12 are currently accepted (valid and available) species names described in the databank as “from Cameroon.” Of the 31 described species, 21 are represented by holotypes, three para-holotype series, one para-lectotype series and six syntype series. Most of the type species (21) were described by Paul Matschie (1861-1926), curator of the Mammal Department in Ber- lin in the period from 1895-1926, i.e. during the main phase of colonial activity and collection expansion. The type specimens were collected by at least 21 collectors from one or more of 26 collecting localities in Cameroon. Approximately a quarter of the specimens were supplied by a single individual, Georg Zenker (1855-1922), who shipped collections from Bipindi and the military station in Yaoundé in the period 1889-1922. If any of the rele- vant information for a specimen is unavailable, the field for the information is not included. Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 Family Bovidae Gray, 1821 Adenota pousarguesi Neumann, 1905 MEN specimen. Skull. ZMB Mam_ 86187. Author of name and type description. Oscar Ru- dolph Neumann (1905). Present name. Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777). Dedication of name (patronym). Eugene de Pousarg- es (1859-1901). Specimen information in general catalogue. * “3'*, Adenota pousarguesi, Sch, A1*.03, Semikore, Sana- ga-Fluss, W-Kamerun, Sheunemann 8.X.1902, O. Neu- mann” Vol. 9, p. 256. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). List- ed in specify as A 19.03. but A-catalogue Information does not match this specimen. Most probably refers to shipment in A-catalogue under reference A 11.03: “Sam- mlung, Yaunde, Kamerun, Ober Lt. Scheunemann”. Collecting information in description ¢ “Typus von Adenota pousarguesi. Schadel eines alten Bockes von Lt. Scheunemann am oberen Sanaga in Std-Kamerun (Berl. Mus.) erlegt [Type for Adenota pousarguesi. Skull of an old male, shot by Lieutenant Scheunemann in the Upper Sanaga [river] in South Cameroon]” (Neumann 1905: 92). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male specimen Information on the specimen. Specimen not avail- able for consultation as of 16.09.2022. Collecting locality. * “Semikore, Sanaga-Fluss, W-Kamerun [At the time of German presence in “‘Kamer- un’, ‘Semikore’ was the Chief of the Yesum people, a clan of the Ewondo (Yaounde) tribe close to the Sanaga River (Wirz 1972)]”. Collected by. Peter Scheunemann (1870-1937). Type status based on _ description. Holotype (single specimen). 505 IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. Corresponding shipment is mentioned in MfN archive folder MfN, HBSB, ZM S III Scheunemann Hauptmann. According to Neumann, a female of this spe- cies, shipped from Cameroon, lived in the Berlin Zoolog- ical Garden for several years. Information on the collect- ing date was missing from all sources assessed. Order Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 Family Canidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 Canis (Cynalopex) pallidus oertzeni Matschie, 1910 MEN specimens. Roundskins. ZMB_Mam_ 39927; ZMB _ Mam_ 39929; ZMB Mam_ 39930; ZMB Mam 39931. Skulls. ZMB_ Mam_65796; ZMB_ Mam_65797. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1910). Present name. Vulpes pallida oertzeni Matschie, 1910. Dedication of name (patronym). Jasper Martin Otto von Oertzen (1880-1948). Specimen information in the general catalogue. All round skins * “B, Dikoa, Hinterland von Kamerun, 26.111.10, Umlauff, A 165/10” Vol. 4, p. 411. All skulls ¢ “Schadel, Dikoa, Hinterland von Kamerun, 26.17.1910 Umlauff, [X.09 Oertzen, A165/10” Vol. 7, p. 239. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 165.10 * “[9 items], Dikoa, Hinterland von Kamerun, 26.11.10, von Oertzen und Umlauff [Dikoa, Cameroon hinterland, 26 111.10, from Oertzen and Umlauff]’. Collecting information in description. * “1 <, 3 9 Felle, von denen | <4 und 1 9 mit Schadeln versehen sind. Dikoa, Nordost-Kamerun. September 1909. Von Herrn Oberleutnant von Oertzen gesammelt und dem Berliner Zoologischen Museum geschenkt [1 3, 3 9 skins, from which 1 ¢ and 1 Q came with skulls. Dikoa, Northeast Cameroon. September 1909. Collected by Mr. Oberleut- nant von Oertzen and offered by the Berlin Zoological Garden|” (Matschie 1910: 370). Specifics of specimen in the description. Single male specimen (skin and skull) preserved with indication “A. 165,10,1” and designated as the holotype. Information on specimen. All specimens available Collecting locality ¢ “Dikoa [which was part of north- ern German ‘Kamerun’, today part of northern Nigeria with current English transcription as “Dikwa’]”. Collected by. Jasper Martin Otto von Oertzen (1880— 1948), via the trading company Umlauff, based in Hamburg. Collecting date. September 1909 Type status based on description. Para-holotype. Based on the sequence of this assessment, the male skull (Holotype) is probably ZMB_ Mam_65796 as skull pa- rameters measured were approximate with that in the description. Skull ZMB Mam _65797 is a_ paratype. Male skin (Holotype) could not be identified as the skin parameters measured did not correspond to those in the description. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. zse.pensoft.net 506 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Remarks. Skin measurement differences are probably a consequence of fixing or long-term preservation. Col- lecting locality was part of “German Kamerun” and was registered in the databank as Cameroon, but is part of to- day’s northern Nigeria. Family Hyaenidae Gray, 1821 Hyaena (Crocotta) noltei Matschie, 1900 MEN specimen. Skull. ZMB_ Mam_ 82552. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1900b). Present name. Crocuta crocuta Erxleben, 1777. Dedication of name (patronym). Hermann Nolte (1869-1902). Specimen information in general catalogue. ° ““* Hyaena (Crocotta) noltei Schadel Yoko, oberer Sana- ga, S-Kamerun/WA Nolte Sept.1899” Vol. 9, p. 109. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 17.00 * “[1 item], Schadel von Hyaena, Yoko Kamerun, 28.VII.00, Nolte”. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Herr Ober- leutnant in der Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe fir Kamerun, Nolte, hat im September 1899 auf der Station Yoko 1m Gebiete des oberen Sanaga, Suid Kamerun, eine gefleckte Hyaene erlegt, deren Schadel er dem Berliner Museum fir Naturkunde freundlichst tberlassen hat [Mr Nolte, Ober- leutnant for the Imperial Schutztruppen [Protection Forc- es] in Cameroon, hunted a spotted Hyena in September 1899 in the Yoko Station in the district of the Upper Sana- ga, South Cameroon, and kindly donated its skull to the Berlin Museum fiir Naturkunde]” (Matschie 1900b: 211). Specifics of specimen in the description. The tail tas- sel of the specimen is incomplete therefore its full length could not be determined for comparison. Information on the specimen. Specimen available. Collecting locality. Yoko, by the Sanaga River, Cameroon. Collected by. Hermann Nolte (1869-1902). Collecting date. September 1899. Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. A skin was also described by Matschie. He included an image of it in the description but did not men- tion whether the skin remained a property of the museum; the skin could not be traced at the time of publication. Family Mustelidae G. Fischer, 1817 Aonyx capensis microdon Pohle, 1920 MfN specimens. Skull. ZMB_ Mam _ 30704. Author of name and type description. Hermann Pohle (1919). Skin. ZMB Mam_ 30703. zse.pensoft.net Present name. Aonyx capensis Schinz, 1821. Specimen information in general catalogue. Skin « “Aonyx microdon Pohle* Fell, A.110.14, Nana FluB bei Bomse Dr. Elbert 10.11.14, 388” Vol. 4, p. 31. Skull « “Aonyx microdon Pohle*, Schadel, A.110.14, Nana FluB bei Bomse, Dr. Elbert, 10.11.14, 388” Vol. 4, p. 31. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 110.14 * “[67 items], Kamerun Exped. des Reichs-Ko- lonialamt, 1.VI.14, Dr. Elbert [Cameroon Expedition of the Imperial Colonial Office, 1.VII.14, Dr. Elbert]”. Collecting information in description. * “Nana-FluB, bei Dorf Bomse, Kamerun [River Nana, near the village Bomse, Cameroon]” (Pohle 1919: 145). Information on specimen. All specimens available Collecting Locality. Nana River, near Samba village in today’s Central African Republic. Collected by. Johannes Elbert (1878-1915). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Near Threatened. Remarks. Mandible detached from the skull. A ship- ment label included with the skin. Collecting locality registered in the catalogue as “Cameroon”, but is part of today’s Central African Republic. Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 Family Pteropodidae Gray, 1821 Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle, 1943 MfN specimens. Skull; Skin in Alcohol. ZMB_ Mam_ 50001. Author of name and type description. Hermann Pohle (1943). Present name. Casinycteris ophiodon (Pohle, 1943). Specimen information in general catalogue. * “9 ad., Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle *, 105/1/14/22., Alk? Sch(v), A. 00, Bipindi, Bez. Kribi, Kamerun, 05.1899, G. Zenker S.V, 327” Vol. 6, p. 1. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Typus. Nr. 50051 des Berl. Mus.; 9 juv.-ad. von Bipindi, Bez. Kribi, Kamerun, Mai 1899, Georg A. Zenker S. V. Die Zahne (auch die Eckzahne) sind voll in Stellung, die Basalnaht ist noch offen. Das Tier liegt in Alkohol; der leider auf der rechten Seite unter Verlust der Hirnkapselwand verletzte Schadel ist gereinigt [Type. N. 50051 of the Berlin Muse- um; @ juv.-ad. from Bipindi, district of Kribi, Cameroon, May 1899, Georg A. Zenker, Supplier. The teeth (includ- ing canines) are all in place, the base suture is still open. The animal is in alcohol; the skull, unfortunately injured on the right side with loss of the brain capsule wall, is cleaned] (Pohle 1943:78). Specifics of specimen in the description. This spec- imen is stated to have been in alcohol for 44 years prior to the description, so the original colour of the specimen could not be determined at the time of description. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Collecting locality. Bipindi, Cameroon. Collected by. George A. Zenker (1855-1922). Collecting date. May, 1899. Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen). IUCN Conservation status. Near Threatened. Remarks. In the description, Pohle pays tribute to Zen- ker who died 12.2.1922 at Bipindihof. He acknowledges other contributions to the museum’s type specimens includ- ing Scotonycteris zenkeri Mtsch., Idiurus zenkeri Mtsch., Zenkerella insignis Mtsch., and Cercocebus albigena zenkeri (page 87). The description cites this specimen as having collection number Nr. 50051 instead of 50001. In- formation on A-catalogue missing from sources accessed. Scotonycteris zenkeri Matschie, 1894 MfN specimens. Skull; Skin in Alcohol. ZMB_ Mam_66533. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1894). Present name. Scotonycteris zenkeri Matschie, 1894 Specimen information in general catalogue. * “Sco- tonycteris zenkeri*, 2° ad, Sch Alk, Yaunde, Stid-Kamer- un, Zenker, Lectotype” Vol. 7, p. 268. Collecting information in description ¢ “9 ad. Yaun- de Station. Zenker coli” (Matschie 1894:202). Specifics of specimen in the description. * “Das einzige Exemplar, welches mir vorliegt, ist ein Weibchen mit starken Brustwarzen. Der Schadel ist dem von Epo- mophorus ahnlich [The only specimen I have is a female with ‘developed’ nipples. The skull is similar to that of Epomophorus|’ (Matschie 1894:203). Information on the specimen. All specimens available Collecting locality. Yaounde, Cameroon. Collected by. George August Zenker (1855-1922). Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen) [although labelled as a Lectotype]. IUCN conservation status. Near threatened. Remarks. Information on the A-catalogue and collec- tion date missing from all sources accessed. Order Hyracoidea Huxley, 1869 Family Procaviidae Thomas, 1892 Procavia (Dendrohyrax) adametzi Brauer, 1912 MEN specimen. Skull, Round skin. ZMB Mam _ 21062. Author of name and type description. August Brau- er (1912). Present name. Dendrohyrax dorsalis nigricans Pe- ters, 1879. Dedication of name (patronym). Karl Wilhelm Adametz (1877-?). Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “*Miale, Dendrohyrax adametzi. A.Br. Fell, A 4614, Barombi Station, Zeuner” Vol. 3, p. 47. 507 Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 46.14 © “*Hyrax Dorsalis tras., Kamerun, 2.10.88, 21062”. Collecting information in description. * “Diese Art, die das Zoologische Museum vom Barombi-See bei Johann-Albrechts-Ho6he in Kamerun erhalten hat und die ich zu Ehren des um die Kenntnis der Fauna West-Kameruns sehr verdienten Herrn Oberleutnant Adametz benenne [This species, which the Zoological Museum received from Lake Barombi near Johann-Al- brechts-Hohe in Cameroon and which I name in honour of Lieutenant Adametz, who was very deserving of the knowledge of the fauna of West Cameroon]” (Brauer 1912:412-413). Specifics of specimen in the description. Largest skull length (gnathion condylion) 11.85, greatest among the Procaviidae. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Barombi, Cameroon. Collected by. Karl Ludwig Zeuner (1852-1890). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least concern. Remarks. According to the description, there should be three specimens (2 skulls, 1 round skin). In the general catalogue, only 1 skull and 1 round skin from Barom- bi were mentioned. The whereabouts of the other skull is unknown. Procavia (Dendrohyrax) adametzi zenkeri Brauer, 1914 MfN- specimens. Skull; Skeleton; Skin. ZMB_ Mam _ 21052; ZMB Mam_21050; ZMB Mam 21065; ZMB_Mam_ 21069. Skull. ZMB_ Mam_ 21077. Author of name and type description. August Brau- er (1914). Present name. Dendrohyrax dorsalis nigricans Pe- ters, 1879. Dedication of name (patronym). August Zenker (1855-1922). Collecting information in description. Thirteen specimens mentioned in the description (6 skins and 7 skulls used) were collected from Bipindi, Edea, Nama- jong, Yaounde, Lolodorf, Alen -locality in E. Guinea and one skin of unknown locality. Collectors are Kricke, Conrad, Zenker and donations from ‘Grobh. Museum’ in Karlsruhe - a Yaoundé skin specimen and from the ‘Nat- uralienkabinett’ in Stuttgart - the skin specimen of an un- known locality (Brauer 1914:38). Specifics of specimen in the description. The dorsal patch is generally less conspicuous than in D. adametzi. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. More specific collection and catalogue information for each specimen are summarised on Table 1. zse.pensoft.net 508 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Table 1. Specifics of individual Pr. (Dendrohyrax) adametzi zenkeri specimens. MfN specimen Specimen information in Shipment information Collecting | Collected Remarks (preparations) General Catalogue (A-number) locality by ZMB_Mam_21052 ZMB_| “Dendrohyrax, Fell, Shadel, A (A 54.13) “[3 items] Lolodorf | Lolodorf, Leopold | Skin specimen for ZMB_Mam_21050 Mam_21050 (Skull, 54.13, Lolodorf, Kamerun, Conrad”) S. Kamerun, 22.V.13, Erich | Cameroon | Conradt not available as of 08.09.2022. Skeleton, Skin) Vol. 3, p. 47 Conrad S” ZMB_Mam_21065 “Dendrohyrax adametzi zenkeri. | (A 384.11) “[3 items] Edea, Edea, Behrens First skin label: Dendrohyrax (Skull, Skeleton, Skin) A.Br. Fell, Shadel, Skelett, A Kamerun, 30.03.1912, Bez. | Cameroon dorsalis (Fraser, 1854). Second 384.11, 19km geradesidl v. Edea, Amtm. Kriicke.” skin label: Dendrohyrax d. Kamerun, Wegemst. Behrens, Bez. nigricans. However, skull label and Amtm. Kriicke” Vol. 3, p. 48 skull inscription confirm specimen ZMB_Mam_21065 as Dendrohyrax dorsalis nigricans ZMB_Mam_21069 “Dendrohyrax, Fell, Shadel, (A 15.09) “[3 items] Bipindi, Bipindi, George | The skin specimen was not available (Skull, Skeleton, Skin) A 15.09, Bipindihof, Zenker” 15.1V.08, Zenker” Cameroon August as of 08.09.2022. Vol. 3, p. 48 Zenker ZMB_Mam_21077 “Dendrohyrax adametzi zenkeri. | (A 63.12) “[1 items] Namanjong| Lolodorf, Leopold ‘Namanjong’ locality could not be (Skull) A.Br. Shadel, A 63.12, Namanjong | b/ Lolodorf, 07.VI.12, Conradt | Cameroon | Conradt traced in today’s Cameroon b/.Lolodorf, Conradt” Vol. 3, p. 48 S., Ulbrich V” Dendrohyrax tessmanni Brauer, 1912 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_ Mam_ 21080. Author of name and type description. August Brau- er (1912). Present name. Dendrohyrax dorsalis nigricans Pe- ters, 1879. Dedication of name (Patronym). Gunther Tessmann (1884-1969). Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “Den- drohyrax adamtzi tessmanni A. Br *, Fell, Shadel, A 102.09, Akonangi, Tessmann” Vol. 3, p. 48. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 102.09 « “[21 items], 22.[X.09, Tessmann”. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Von Herrn G. Tessmann erhielt das Zoologische Museum das Fell und den Schadel eines neuen groBen Baumschliefers, den er in Akonangi (Spanisch-Guinea) erlegt hatte [The Zoo- logical Museum received from Mr G. Tessmann the skin and skull of a large new tree hyrax, which he hunted in Akonangi (Spanish-Guinea)]|” (Brauer 1912:411). Specifics of specimen in the description. Specimen is a male. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Akonangi, Cameroon. The collect- ing locality “Akonangi” is possibly part of what was con- sidered Cameroon by German troops (Languy et al. 2005). Collected by. Gunther Tessmann (1884-1969). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. Skull label refers to A 108.09 with collec- tion date 22.09.09, but the collecting information for this entry in the A-catalogue is not consistent with its corre- sponding entry in the general catalogue. Procavia capensis bamendae Brauer, 1913 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_ Mam_21490. Author of name and type description. August Brau- ere( 191.37) Present name. Procavia capensis bamendae Brauer, LOANS: zse.pensoft.net Dedication of name (patronym). Karl Wilhelm Adametz (1877-—?). Specimen information in general catalogue. « “Procavia kerstingi bamendae, A. Br., Fell, Schadel, A. 278,12, Bamenda, Adametz” Vol. 3, p. 65. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). (A. 278.12) * “[28 items], Nord Kamerun, 28. XII.12, Oblt. Adametz”. Collecting information in description. * “Diese neue Art verdankt das Zoologische Museum Herrn Oberleut- nant Adametz; ihr Fundort ist Bamenda, Stidwestkamer- un [The Zoological Museum owes this new species to Lieutenant Adametz; it was found in Bamenda, South- west Cameroon]” (Brauer 1913:127). Specifics of specimen in the description. Skull is an adult male. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Bamenda, Cameroon. Collected by. Karl Wilhelm Adametz (1877-7). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN Conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. Inscription with “A 275.12” cancelled out and slightly wiped off on the skin label and skull inscrip- tion, respectively. Shipment information on A 275.12 does not correspond with that in the general catalogue and specimen labels or inscriptions. The correct A-cat- alogue number should read A 278.12, as written in the general catalogue and verified (14.04.2023). Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758 Family Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821 Stachycolobus zenkeri Matschie, 1917 MfN specimens. Skins. ZMB Mam_24217; ZMB_ Mam 24219; ZMB Mam 24221; ZMB Mam 24645; ZMB_Mam_ 11472. Skulls. ZMB Mam_ 24218; ZMB | Mam_ 24209. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie C917): Present name. Colobus satanas Waterhouse, 1838. Information on specimen. All specimens available. 509 Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Collecting locality. Bipindi, Cameroon. Collected by. George August Zenker (1855-1922). Type status based on description. Para-holotype. IUCN conservation status. Threatened. Remarks. The description mentions other specimens included. 11472*/24209**, 24217*/24218**, 24645*, 24219*/24220** , 24440** 24441 ** D4449** 24443** 24221*/24222** , 4323/10. where: * Skin specimen; ** Skull specimen; / Skin and corresponding skull. More specific collection and catalogue information for each specimen are summarised on Table 2. Erythrocebus langheldi Matschie, 1905 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_ Mam_ 13212. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1905a). Present name. Erythrocebus patas Schreber, 1775. Dedication of name (patronym). Wilhelm Langheld (1867-1917). Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “Erythrocebus langheldi Mtsch*, Balg, Schadel, 1.06, Garua, Benue, Langheld” Vol. 2, p. 138. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Im hiesigen Zoologischen Garten leben augenblicklich zwei Husare- naffen, die Herr Hauptmann Langheld bei Garua am oberen Benue in Kamerun gesammelt hat. [Two hussar monkeys [common patas monkey], collected by Captain Langheld from Garua on the upper Benue in Cameroon, currently live in the zoological garden [Berlin]” (Matschie 1905a:275). Specifics of specimen in the description. Young fe- male specimen. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Garoua, Cameroon. Collected by. Wilhelm Langheld (1867-1917). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Near Threatened. Remarks. Matschie identified this specimen as a young female, today (according to information on “Spec- ify”) the specimen has been identified as a young male. Papio yokoensis Matschie, 1900 MEN specimen. Round skin. dummy_ 4484. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1900a). Present name. Papio hamadryas Linnaeus, 1758. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Die Sammlu- ng des Herrn Major von Kamptz enthalt folgende Arten. Papio yokoensis Mtsch. spec. nov. 2 63 und 1 2 aus Yoko am Sanaga [The collection of Major von Kamptz contains the following species. Papio yokoensis Mtsch. spec. nov. 2 S¢ and 1 9 from Yoko at Sanaga]” (Matschie 1900a:89). Specifics of specimen in the description. 2 male skins, 2 male skulls and 1 female skin were used for the description. Table 2. Specifics of Individual Stachycolobus zenkeri specimens. ZMB number Specimen information in the Shipment Collecting information in the Specifics of Collecting | Type status (preparation) general catalogue information description Specimen in the Date based (A-number) description on the description ZMB_Mam_24217| “3, Colobus satanas Mtsch, Fell, | (A 15.09) “[3 ZMB_Mam_24217. “¢ ad. Nr Male specimen. The | 22.03.1905] Paratype (Skin) And ZMB_ Bipindi, Kamerun, Zenker” Vol. 3, | items] Bipindi, 24217/24217. Fell mit Schadel. | skin ZMB_Mam_24217 Mam_24218 p175 15.1V.1908, Ebendaher und von demselben im_| associated with the skull (Skull) Zenker” Dezember 1907 oder Januar 1908 ZMB_Mam_24218 wahrend der Trockenzeit erbeutet.” p. 158. No information for ZMB_ Mam_24218. ZMB_Mam_24219| “@ juv. Colobus satanas Mtsch, | N/A (A-number “3 juv. 24219/24220. Fell mit | According to the general| Spring 1903| Paratype (Skin) Fell, Bipindi, Kamerun, Zenker” Vol.)| missing from Schadel. Aus der Trockenzeit des catalogue and the 3, (px 75 all sources Fruhjahres 1903. Der Affe war description, specimen examined) ungefahr 2 1\2 Jahr alt.” p. 159 | is a Juvenile male, but is identified as a female in “Specify”. ZMB_Mam_24221) “ad, Colobus satanas Mtsch, (A 38.03) “[5 “Nur ein Fell mit Schadel Nr. Male specimen 06.10.1903} Paratype (Skin) Fell, Bipindi, Kamerun, Zenker” Vol.) items], Bipindi, | 24221/24222, ¢ ad. aus Zenker's 3,p.175 Kamerun, 6.X.03, Sammlungen” p. 159 G. Zenker” ZMB_Mam_24645| “Colobus satanas, Fell, A 32.03, | (A 32.03) “[2 |“9 ad. Nr. 24645. Fell ohne Schadel. Female specimen 10.02.1903] Paratype (Skin) Bipindi, Zenker” Vol. 3, p. 192 items] Bipindi, | Ebendaher und von demselben. Im 10.11.03, Zenker” | Dezember 1902 erlegt. Das Fell hat kurzeren Schulterbehang als das vorige.” p. 158 ZMB_Mam_11472 ZMB_Mam_24209. “3 (A 62.04) “(34 “Typus: @ ad. Nr. 11472/24209. Male specimen. 05.01.1898 | Holotype (Skin) And ZMB_ Stachycolobus zenkeri Mtsch*, | items] 7 skins, | Fell mit Schadel. Von G. Zenker im Designated Holotype Mam_24209 Waterh., Schadel, A 62.04, Bipindi,}_ 10 skulls, 2 September oder Oktober 1897 bei (Skull) Zenker,Fell 11472” Vol. 3, p. skeleton, 6 Bipindi am Lokundje in Kamerun 174. ZMB_Mam_11472. “3*, animals in wahrend der Regenzeit erbeutet.” Colobus satanas Waterh. Balg, alcohol, 9 p. 158 5.1.98, Bipindi, Kamerun, Zenker. embryos], Typus von Stachycolobus zenkeri | Bipindi, Zenker, Mtsch., Zur Schadel 24209” 26.1V.04” Vol. 2, p. 62 zse.pensoft.net 510 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Information on specimen. Specimen available. Collecting locality. Yoko, Cameroon. Collected by. Oltwig von Kamptz (1857-1921). Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Least concern. Remarks. ‘dummy’ specimen has no ZMB number and no A-catalogue number. According to “Specify”, the valid name for Papio yokoensis is Papio hamadryas. Piliocolobus preussi Matschie, 1900 MEN specimen. Skin. ZMB Mam _ 6588. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1900c). Present name. Piliocolobus preussi Matschie, 1900. Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “Colobus temminckii, Kuhl Fell ohne Schadel, Barom- bi, Kamerun, Preuss; Typus von Piliocolobus preussi Mtsch.” Vol. 1. p. 236. Collecting information in description. * “von Dr. Preuss bei Barombi am Elefanten-See in Nord-Kamerun [by Dr. Preuss on the Elephant Lake at Barombi in north Cameroon]” (Matschie 1900c:183). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male specimen. Information on specimen. Specimen available. Collecting locality. Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. Collected by. Paul Rudolph Preuss (1861-1926). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. Remarks. The general catalogue entry for 6588 states “Colobus temminckii, Kuhl...Typus von Piliocolobus preussi Mtsch”’. Both species are mentioned in the same description as different species, but the reason for this name change in the general catalogue is not clear. Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758 Family Hominidae Gray, 1825 Gorilla diehli Matschie, 1904 MfN specimens. Skulls. ZMB Mam_ 12789; ZMB_ Mam_12790; ZMB Mam_12792; ZMB Mam _ 12793; ZMB_Mam_ 12794; ZMB_ Mam_ 12795; ZMB _ Mam_ 12796. Skull and skeleton parts. ZMB_ Mam_ 12791. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1904). Present name. Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie, 1904. Dedication of name (Patronym). Adolf Diehl (1870— 1943). Collecting information in description. ¢ “Herr Diehl sammelte in dem Gebiete des Mun-Aya oder Wadye, der in den Cross-Fluss stromt, 4 Schadel von ausgewachsenen mannlichen, 5 Schadel von ausgewachsenen weiblichen Gorillas [Mr. Diehl collected in the area of the Mun-Aya or Wadye, which flows into the Cross River, 4 skulls of zse.pensoft.net adult male, 5 skulls of adult female gorillas]” (Matschie 1904:52). Information on specimen. All specimens are available. Collected by. Adolf Diehl (1870-1943). Type status based on description. Para-holotype. IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. General remark. A-catalogue number, collection and accession dates missing from all historical sources ex- amined. Although the original description mentions nine specimens, only eight specimens are indicated for this species on “Specify”. More specific collection and catalogue information for each specimen are summarised on Table 3. Gorilla hansmeyeri Matschie, 1914 MEN specimens. Skull, Skeleton. ZMB Mam_ 17960. Skin. ZMB_Mam_ 17961. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1914). Present name. Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847. Dedication of name (patronym). No specific mention of a dedication, nevertheless, refers to the supplier Hans Meyer (1877-1964). Specimen information in general catalogue. * “<4 Go- rilla hansmeyeri, Mtsch. * Typ, Fell, Bunda und Dume, Kamerun, Peters. Geh, Prof. Hans Meyers. S.” Vol. 2, p. 339. Collecting information in description. * “Typus. 3 ad. 17 961 in der Schausammlung des Berliner Zoolo- gischen Museums aufgestellt, hierzu Skelet 17 960. Von Feldwebel Peter am 27. Januar 1907 auf der Strafe von Assobam zwischen Mensima und Bimba stidlich Dume- flusse westlich von Mokbe erlegt und von Geheimrat Pro- fessor Dr. Hans Meyer in Leipzig geschenkt [Type. 3 ad. 17961 placed in the display collection of the Berlin Zoo- logical Museum, associated with skeleton 17960. Shot by Sergeant Peter on 27 January 1907 on the Assobam Road between Mensima and Bimba south of Dumé River west of Mokbe and donated by Professor Dr. Hans Meyer in Leipzig] (Matschie 1914:325). Specifics of specimen in the description. ¢ “Typus. S ad. 17961 in der Schausammlung des Berliner Zoolo- gischen Museums aufgestellt, hierzu Skelet 17960 [trans- lation: Type. 4 ad. 17961 displayed in the exhibition of the Berlin Zoological Museum, refers to skeleton 17960]” (Matschie 1914:325). Information on specimen. Skin, available; Skull, Skeleton not available. Collecting locality. * “zwischen Bumba und Dume, Kamerun [between Bumba and Dumé, Cameroon]”. Collected by. Peter Scheunemann (1870-1937). Collecting date. 27.01.1907. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. Remarks. Skull and skeleton not accessed as of 09.12.2022. The skull and skeleton 17960 are described to be associated with the skin 17961. Based on the de- Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Table 3. Specifics of Individual Gorilla diehli specimens. MfN specimen | Specimen Information in the general catalogue “4 Gorilla diehli Mtsch*, Schadel mit Unterkiefer, Dakbe, Crossflussgebiet Diehl S.G” Vol. 2, p. 121 Specifics of ZMB_Mam_12789 (skull) Adult Male ZMB_Mam_12792 (skull) “4 Gorilla diehli Mtsch*, Schadel mit Unterkiefer, Dakbe, Crossflussgebiet| Theil durch Brand Diehl S.G” Vol. 2, p. 121 | verletzt” (page 52) Adult Male. “Diese ollecting | Type C specimen in the | locality description Takpe, Cameroon Schadel sind zum | Cameroon 511 Specific remarks status Holotype | Skull with mandible. Verbatim locality ‘Dakbe’, in Cameroon could not be traced. Sarmiento and Oates (2000) confirmed Gorilla gorilla diehli as a distinct subspecies and identified the collection locality as Takpe. p 12 Paratype | The specimen appears burnt. Matschie wrote that it probably served as a fetish object before collection, hence supposedly possessed mystical powers. The general catalogue states that the mandible for this skull is available, but it is absent. The specimen box includes a tube containing a loose tooth from the skull. ZMB_Mam_12790 (skull) “3, Gorilla diehli Mtsch*, Schadel mit Unterkiefer, von Gadyifu bei Oboni erlegt., Diehl S.G’” Vol. 2, p. 121 Adult Male Obonyi, Cameroon Paratype Skull with mandible ZMB_Mam_12791 Adult Male. “Diese (skull and skeleton parts) “¢ Gorilla diehli Mtsch*, Schadel mit Unterkiefer, Oboni, Diehl S.G” Vol. 2, p. 121 Theil durch Brand verletzt” (page 52) ZMB_Mam_12796 (ZMB_Mam_85826) (skull) ZMB_Mam_12793 “@ Gorilla diehli Adult Female (skull) Mtsch*, Schadel ohne Unterkiefer, Basho, Diehl S.G’ Vol. 2, p. 121 “@ Gorilla diehli Mtsch*, Schadel ohne Unterkiefer, Basho, Diehl ZMB_Mam_12794 (skull) Adult Female. zum Theil durch Schadel sind zum | Cameroon “2 Gorilla gorilla diehli, Adult Female Obonyi, | Paratype Sch Ukf, Oboni, Diehl, Cameroon Paratypus” Vol. 9, p. 241 Basho, Cameroon “Diese Schadel sind | Cameroon Paratype | The specimen appears burnt. Matschie wrote that it probably served as a fetish object before collection, hence supposedly possessed mystical powers. The general catalogue states that the mandible for this skull is available, but it is absent. Skull without mandible. Specimen in General catalogue as ZMB_Mam_85826 Paratype Skull without mandible. Paratype | Skull without mandible. The specimen appears burnt. Matschie wrote that it probably served as a fetish object before collection, hence supposedly S.G’ Vol. 2, p. 121 Brand verletzt” possessed mystical powers. The general catalogue (page 52) states that the mandible for this skull is available, but it is absent. ZMB_Mam_12795 “Gorilla gorilla diehli, Adult Female Basho, |Paratype) Skull without mandible. Matschie identified this (ZMB_Mam_85825) (skull) Sch Ukf, Basho/ Kamerun, Diehl, Paratypus” Vol. 9, p. 241 scription, this skin should be labelled 17961, but the label on the skin specimen reads 17960. Gorilla zenkeri Matschie, 1914 MfN specimens. Skull. ZMB Mam _ 30261(2); Skin, Skeleton. ZMB_ Mam_ 30260. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1914). Present name. Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847. Dedication of name (patronym). No particular men- tion of a dedication, nevertheless name refers to supplier George Zenker (1855-1922). Specimen information in general catalogue. * “<'Go- rilla zenkeri Mtsch *, Fell, Schadel, Skelett, 15.09 [this is the A number], Mbiawe, Lokundje, Zenker “Vol. 4, p. 11. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 15.09 “[3 items], Bipindi, 14. [V.08, Zenker”. Cameroon specimen as a female, but is identified as a male on “Specify”. The specimen box includes a tube containing a loose tooth from the skull. Specimen available in General catalogue as ZMB_Mam_85825 Collecting information in description. * “Typus. 3 juv. ad. A. 15, 09, 1. Fell aufgestellt. Skelet vorhanden. Von G. Zenker bei Mbiawe am Lokundje, 6 Stunden fluBabwarts von Bipindi am weiben Berge im Januar 1908 gesammelt [Type. @ juv. ad. A. 15, 09, 1. Skin mounted. Skeleton present. Collected by G. Zenker at Mbiawe in Lokundje, 6 hours downstream from Bipindi on White Mountain in January 1908]” (Matschie 1914:325—326). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male spec- imen * “Die Gesichtshaut war an vielen Stellen krankhaft verandert, ahnlich wie bei Lues...Die Sutura basilaris ist noch gedffnet. Das linke Auge war zerstort. Im Schadel sitzt dicht am unteren Rande der Augenhohle im Jugale ein Stiick Eisen. Am rechten Rande des Planum nuchale auf der Sutura occipito-mastoidea ist eine verheilte Verletzu- ng des Knochens sichtbar [The face skin was abnormally damaged in many places, similar to lues [syphillis]... The sutura basilaris is still open. The left eye was damaged. In zse.pensoft.net 512 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin the skull, close to the lower edge of the orbit in the jugal bone, lies a piece of iron. On the right edge of the planum nuchale on the sutura occipito-mastoidea a healed injury of the bone is visible]” (Matschie 1914:327). Information on the specimen. Skull, available; Skin, Skeleton, not available. Collecting locality. Mbiawe [Mbiame?], Cameroon. Collected by. Georg Zenker (1855-1922). Collecting date. 01.1908. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. Remarks. Skin and skeleton specimens are not acces- sible as of 21.12.2022. The skull ZMB Mam _30261(2) is now changed to ZMB_ Mam _ 30260 Le. associated with the same inventory number as its skin and skeleton. Gorilla jacobi Matschie, 1905 MEN specimens. Skulls. ZMB Mam 83558; ZMB_ Mam_ 83862. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1905b). Present name. Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847. Dedication of name (patronym). No mention of a dedication, nevertheless, refers to the name of supplier Gerhard Jacob (1878-1914). Specimen information in general catalogue. ZMB _ Mam_ 83558 ° “3, Gorilla gorilla, Sch, Lobo-mundung, Kam., Jacob, A 28,05 / 10. VII.05, 2” Vol. 9, p. 149. ZMB_ Mam _ 83862 * “*Gorilla jacobi , Matschie 1905, Sch, Lobo-mtindung, Kamerun, Jacob, Holoty- pus unter Vorbehalt; 2 A 28,05 1, 2 von Matschie unter 28051” Vol. 9, p. 161. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 28.05 * “[35 items], Lobo-Mundung, Stid-Kamerun, 10. VII.05, Lt. Jacob”. Collecting information in description. * “Einen Schadel den Herr Leutnant Jacob auf der Station Lo- bo-Mundung (...) [A skull found by Lieutenant Jacob at the River Lobo Estuary Station]” (Matschie 1905b:282). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male specimen ZMB Mam_ 83558. Female specimen ZMB _ Mam_ 83862. Both with forward protruding eyebrows, broad faces and occiputs. Information on specimens. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Lobo River Estuary, Cameroon. Collected by. Gerhard Jacob (1878-1914). Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. Remarks ¢« The skull ZMB Mam_28051 (Matschie 1905b:282), is confirmed today as ZMB_ Mam_ 83862. The skull ZMB Mam 83558 is a_ skull without a mandible. Anthropopithecus reuteri Matschie, 1914 MEN specimens. Skull and Skin. ZMB Mam_ 83869. Skeleton. ZMB_ Mam_ 83700. zse.pensoft.net Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1914). Present name. Pan troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775. Dedication of name (patronym). Franz Reuter (?—?). Specimen information in general catalogue. ZMB _ Mam_ 83869 « “*} ad, Anthropopithecus reuteri Matsch- ie 1914, Sch, Dumemitindung, Kamerun, F. Reuter 1908, A 39.09.1? Holotypus Sk. of 83700” Vol. 9, p. 161 ZMB_Mam_ 83700 « “*Pan troglodytes, Sk, Du- memtndung, Kam., Reuters 29. VI.1909, A 39.09, Siehe Sch 83869” Vol. 9, p. 154. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 39.09 « “Diime, 29. VI.09, Reuter”. Collecting information in description. * “Pan —? Specimen from Dunne, the interior of Southern Cameron, Elliot, 1. c. III, 252, Typus. 3 ad. A. 39, 09, 1. Fell mit Skelet. In der Nahe der Einmtindung des Dume-Flusses in den Kadei in Kamerun von, Oberleutnant Franz Re- uter t im Herbst 1908 erlegt [Type. 3 adult A 39.091. Skin with skeleton. Hunted by Oberleutnant Franz Reuter tT in Autumn 1908, in the vicinity of the confluence of River Dumé and River Kadei in Cameroon]” (Matschie 1914:328). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male fur with skeleton and skull. Information on the specimen. Skull and Skeleton are available, but Skin is not available. Collecting locality. Doumé River Estuary, Cameroon. Collected by. Franz Reuter (1881-1908). Collecting date. Autumn 1908. Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Endangered. Remarks. Skin not found as of 05.01.2023. Anthropopithecus oertzeni Matschie, 1914 MEN specimens. Skin. ZMB Mam_ 83867. Skeleton. ZMB_ Mam 83716. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1914). Present name. Pan troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775. Dedication of name (Patronym). Jasper Martin Otto von Oertzen (1880-1948). Specimen information in general catalogue. « “* 3 Juv. Pan Troglodytes, F + Sk, Bascho, Kamerun, Oertzen 29. VI.1909, A60.05 I’. Skin ZMB_ Mam_ 83867, Vol. 9, p. 161; Skeleton ZMB_ Mam _ 83716, Vol. 9, p. 155. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 60.05 « “[89 items], Sdéugetier von Bascho, Nord.Kamer- un, 20. XI.05, Leutenant von Oertzen”’. Collecting information in description. * “Pan —? Specimen from Basho. Elliot, 1. c. III, 252 partim. Typus. 3 ad. A. 60, 05, 1. Fell mit Skelet ohne Schadel. (Der Schadel ist im Besitz des Herrn Hauptmann v. Oertzen). Von diesem im Jahre 1905 in der Nahe von Bascho in Nordkamerun gesammelt.[Type. 4 ad. A 60.05,1. Skin with skeleton without skull. (The skull is property of Mr Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Hauptmann v. Oertzen). Collected in 1905 in the vicinity of Baschéo in north Cameroon” (Matschie 1914:327). Specifics of specimen in the description. The speci- men is a male skin with a skeleton and no skull. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Bashéo, Cameroon. Collected by. Jasper Martin Otto von Oertzen (1880— 1948). Collecting date. 20.11.1905. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Endangered. Remarks. The label for skeleton ZMB_ Mam_ 83716 is also attached to the skin specimen. Anthropopithecus papio Matschie, 1919 MEN specimens. Skull, Round skin. ZMB_ Mam_ 8386S. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1919). Present name. Pan troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775. Specimen information in general catalogue. * “*, Anthropopithecus papio Matschie 1919, Sch B, J.-Al- brechtshohe, Kamerun, Puttkammer G.S 1903, A 48.03 Syntypus, beschr. Zeitsch. f. Ethnologie 1919, H 1. p 79/80” Vol. 9, p. 161. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 48.03 ¢ “[2 items], Fell mit Schadel von Anthropopithecus, Albrechtshohe, Kamerun, 30. VI.03, von Puttkammer”. Collecting information in description. * “Bei Barombi am Elefanten-See in der nachsten Nahe der Station Johann Albrechtshohe nordwestlich von Mun- dame zwischen dem oberen Mungo und dem zum Ober- en Meme abwassernden Uwe hat Herr Gouverneuer J. v. Puttkamer im Februar 1903 einen mannlichen Schimpan- sen erlegt [Governor J. v. Puttkamer hunted a male chim- panzee in February 1903, near Barombi at the Elephant lake, close to the Station Johann Albrechtshohe, north- west from Mundame, between the Upper Mungo and the drainage basin of the Uwe River]” (Matschie 1919:79). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male spec- imen ¢ “Dieser Schimpanse, den man wegen seiner dem Pavian ahnlich vorspringendee Schnauze Anthropop- ithecus papio nennen konnte [This chimpanzee could be called Anthropopithecus papio because of its protruding snout similar to that of the baboon]” (Matschie 1919:80). Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Barombi (Lake Barombi Mbo) Mountains, near Kumba, Cameroon. Collected by. Jesco von Puttkamer (1855-1917). Collecting date. 02.1903. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Endangered. Anthropopithecus ellioti Matschie, 1914 MEN specimens. Skin. ZMB Mam 83868. Skeleton. ZMB_Mam_ 83709. 513 Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1914). Present name. Pan troglodytes ellioti Matschie, 1914 Dedication of name (patronym). Daniel Giraud El- liot (1835-1915). Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “* Pan troglodytes, F + Sk, Basho, Kam., v. Oertzen, A 60.05 IT.” ZMB_Mam_ 83868, Vol. 9, p. 161; ZMB_ Mam _ 83709, Vol. 9, p. 155. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 60.05 « “[89 items], Saugetier von Bascho, Nord.Kamer- un, 20. XI.05, Leutenant von Oertzen”’. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Als Ty- pus von A. ellioti mége das ¢ ad. A. 60, 05, 2 Fell ohne Schadel gelten, das in der Nahe von Bascho durch Her- rn v. Oertzen gesammelt worden ist; den Schadel hat der Sammler behalten [Type for A. e/lioti is possibly the ¢ adult A 60.05, 2 skins without skulls, which were cap- tured in the vicinity of Bascho by Mr. v. Oertzen; the col- lector kept the skull]” (Matschie 1914:327). Specifics of specimen in the description. The speci- men is a male skin with a skeleton - no skull. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Bashéo, Cameroon. Collected by. Jasper Martin Otto von Oertzen (1880— 1948). Collecting date. 20.11.1905. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Endangered. Remarks. The label for skeleton ZMB Mam_ 83709 is also attached to the skin specimen. Order Proboscidea Illiger, 1811 Family Elephantidae Gray, 1821 Elephas (Loxodonta) cyclotis Matschie, 1900 MEN specimen. Skull. ZMB_ Mam_ 13501. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1900d). Present name. Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900. Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “< Loxodonta cyclotis Mtsch *, Schadel, 21.VIII.07” Vol. 2, psd Collecting information in description ¢ “Als Orig- inal-Exemplar diene das von Herrn Oberleutnant Dom- inick dem hiesigen Zoologischen Garten tberwiesene Mannchen [Original specimen is the male shipped to the Zoological Garden by Oberleutnant Dominik” (Matschie 1900d:194). Specifics of specimen in the description. * “Man- nchen [male]” (Matschie 1900d:194). Information on specimen. Specimen available. Collecting locality. Yaounde, Cameroon. Collected by. Hans Dominik (1870-1910). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered. zse.pensoft.net 514 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Remarks. This individual was described as a new species while still alive in the Berlin Zoological Garden, its oval ear lobes being the main defining morphological character considered by Matschie. It was called by the co- lonial press as “the first German elephant” and died in the Zoo in 20.05.1907, after which its skull was accessioned to the MfN. The skull possibly underwent autopsy and a calotte was cut from the main skull, the lower mandible was also present. Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 Family Anomaluridae Gervais, 1849 Idiurus zenkeri Matschie, 1894 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin and Body in alcohol. ZMB _ Mam_7993. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1894). Present name. /diurus zenkeri Matschie, 1894. Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “* 79932, Idiurus zenkeri Mtsch, F Sch. K, A. 3.93, Yaunde, Kamerun, G. Zenker” Vol. 1, p. 286. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 3.93 is an older A-catalogue number that could not yet be traced in the archival materials. Specifics of specimen in the description. * “Das vorliegende Exemplar ist ein sehr altes Weibchen [The present specimen is a very old female]” (Matschie 1894:200). Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Yaoundé, Cameroon. Collected by. George Zenker (1855-1922). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. Only the body 1s in alcohol; the skin 1s a dry specimen. Zenkerella insignis Matschie, 1898 MfN specimens. Skull, Skeleton parts, Round Skin. ZMB_Mam_ 10085. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1898). Present name. Zenkerella insignis Matschie, 1898. Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “< Zenkerella insignis Mtsch *, Fell Sch, A 3 98, Yaunde, Zenker, 13.5.98” Vol. 2, p. 5. Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A 3.98 is an older A-catalogue number that could not yet be traced in the archival materials. Collecting information in description. * “Hab. Kamerun, Afr. occ, Yaunde. Zenker coli [Provenance Cameroon, West Africa, Yaoundé, Zenker’s shipment]” (Matschie 1898:24). Specifics of specimen in the description. According to Matschie, the specimen was in poor condition and the zse.pensoft.net hair fell off the skin easily, measurements of the ear and feet are only approximate. The specimen was likely a male juvenile. (Matschie 1898:24). Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Yaoundé, Cameroon. Collected by. George Zenker (1855-19272). Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Family Muridae Illiger, 1811 Mus (nannomys) setulosus Peters, 1876 MEN specimen. Specimen in alcohol. ZMB_ Mam_5047 Author of name and type description. Wilhelm Pe- ters (1876). Present name. Mus setulosus Peters, 1876. Specimen information in general catalogue ¢ “* Mus (Nannomys) setulosus Pter* Victoria Aug. 74 Buchholz” Vol. 1, p. 183. Collecting information in description. ° “Ein Man- nchen wurde im August 1874 in Victoria gefangen, ein jungeres Weibchen brachte Hr. Dr. Reichenow von Cameruns [A male was captured in Victoria in August 1874, a younger female was brought by Dr. Reichenow from Cameruns|sic]]” (Peters 1876:481). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male spec- imen * “was ich zur Begriindung einer neuen Untergat- tung, Nannomys, anfuhre, den ersten Backzahn viel langer, als die beiden andern zusammengenommen [what I use to justify a new subgenus, Nannomys, the first molar is much longer than the other two taken together]” (Peters 1876:481). Information on specimen. Specimen available. Collecting locality. Limbe, Cameroon. Collected by. Reinhold Buchholz (1837-1876). Collecting date. 08.1874. Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Least concern. Remarks. The description is ‘Peters 1876’, but the jar label reads ‘Peters 1852’, no description for “Peters 1852’ for this species could be traced. The description ‘Peters 1876’ also mentions a female of the species collected by Reichenow and delivered to Peters, but this specimen which constitutes the other syntype of this species could not be traced at time of publication. Family Sciuridae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 Sciurus auriculatus Matschie, 1891 MEN specimens. Skin. ZMB_ Mam_46674. Round Skin. ZMB_Mam_ 46675. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1891). Present name. Funisciurus leucogenys auriculatus Matschie, 1891. Zoosyst. Evol. 99 (2) 2023, 503-517 Specimen information in general catalogue. ZMB _ Mam_ 46674 « “[1 specimen] *Funisciurus leucogenys, Fell, Barombe, PreuB, 1891” Vol. 5, p.270. ZMB_Mam_ 46675 « “[1 specimen] *Funisciurus leu- cogenys Mtsch, Balg, Kamerun, Dr. Preu8” Vol. 5, p. 270. Specifics of specimen in the description. Male spec- imen. “3 Felle ohne Schddel. [3 skins without skull]” (Matschie 1891:353). Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. Collected by. Paul Rudolph Preuss (1861-1926). Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. The description mentions three skins. Only two skins are mentioned in “Specify”, one skin is still unaccounted for. Sciurus calliurus Peters, 1874 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_ Mam_4696. Author of name and type description. Wilhelm Pe- ters (1874). Present name. Protoxerus stangeri Waterhouse, 1842. Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “Sci- urus calliurus Buchholtz*, Mai, Mungo Cameroon, Bu- chholz 4696” Vol. 1, p. 171. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Ein mannli- ches Exemplar in Mungo, am 11. Mai 1874 erlegt. Ausser dieser Art wurde auch Sc. pyrrhopus Fr. Cuv. in derselben Gegend gefunden [One male specimen hunted in Mungo, in 11 May 1874. Besides this species, Sc. pyrrhopus Fr. Cuv. was also found in the same location]” (Peters, 1874:708). Specifics of specimen in the description. Male spec- imen. Information on specimen. Only skin specimen was available for consultation. Collecting locality. Mungo, Cameroon. Collected by. Reinhold Buchholz (1837-1876). Collecting date. 11.05.1874. Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. Skull specimen could not be assessed as of 24.11.2022. Order Eulipotyphla Waddell et al., 1999 Family Soricidae Fischer, 1814 Crocidura vulcani Heim de Balsac, 1956 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_ Mam_91354. Author of name and type description. Heim de Bal- sac (1956). Present name. Crocidura virgata Sanderson, 1940. Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “* Crocidura viilcani von Prof. Heim de Balsac, F Sch, 58/45/11/7, A _39, Kamerunberg, Kamerun 1600 m, 4.5.1938, Dr. Martin Eisentraut, Buhr S.” Vol. 10, p. 56. 515 Shipment information (A-catalogue number). A _39 [Incomplete shipment information in general cata- logue; shipment number not given]. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Peau (sans sexe indiqué) et crane d’un specimen provenant du crateére Bibundi (1.600 m), Mt. Cameroun, 4-5-1938, Musée de Humboldt, Berlin, n° 91354. Procurée par M. Eisentraut [Skin (no sex indicated) and skull of a specimen from the Bibundi crater (1,600 m), Mount Cameroon, 4—5-1938, Humboldt Museum, Berlin, n° 91354. Procured by Mr. Eisentraut]” p. 134. Specifics of specimen in the description. Mounted skin. No sex indicated on either specimen. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Bibundi Crater, Mount Cameroon. Collected by. Martin Bruno Eisentraut (1902-1994). Collecting date. 04.05.1938. Type status based on description. Holotype (Single specimen). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern. Remarks. According to Turni et al. (2007), for Croc- idura vulcani, the valid name today is Crocidura virgata. Crocidura dolichura Peters, 1876 MEN specimen. Skull, Skin. ZMB_Mam_ 5037. Author of name and type description. Wilhelm Pe- ters (1876). Present name. Crocidura dolichura Peters, 1876. Specimen information in general catalogue. ¢ “Crvo- cidura (Crocidura) dolichura, Pter*, Fem., Bonjongo, Buchholtz” Vol. 1, p. 183. Collecting information in description. ¢ “Ein weib- liches Exemplar dieser ausgezeichneten Art aus Bonjon- go [A female specimen of this magnificent species from Bonjongo]” (Peters 1876:476). Specifics of specimen in the description. Female specimen. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Bonjongo, Cameroon. Collected by. Reinhold Buchholz (1837-1876). Type status based on description. Holotype (single specimen). IUCN Conservation status. Least concern. Remarks. Both skin and skull specimens are available and observed on 06.01.2023, but only the skull specimen is mentioned in “Specify” at the time of publication. Myosorex preussi Matschie, 1893 MEN specimen. Skull, skin. ZMB Mam _ 6990. Skull, skin. ZMB_ Mam _ 6991. Skull, skin. ZMB_ Mam_ 6992. Author of name and type description. Paul Matschie (1893). Present name. Sy/visorex morio Gray, 1862. Specimen information in general catalogue. ° “Myosorex preussi Mtsch*, Fell m. Schadel, Buea, Pre- uss” Vol. 1, p. 249. zse.pensoft.net 516 Taku Bisong, P. et al.: Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Collecting information in description. * “Die drei vor- liegenden Sticke wurden in der Umgebung von Buea auf dem Kamerun-Gebirge von Dr. Preuss gefangen [The three present pieces were caught in the vicinity of Buea on the Cameroon Mountains by Dr. Preuss]” (Matschie 1893:178). Specifics of specimen in the description. Three fe- male specimens. Information on specimen. All specimens available. Collecting locality. Buea, Cameroon. Collected by. Paul Rudolph Preuss (1861-1926). Type status based on description. Syntypes. IUCN conservation status. Endangered. Remarks. According to Turni et al (2007), for Myos- orex preussi the valid name, today is Sy/visorex morio. Conclusion The analysis of type specimens from the MfN mammal col- lections presented here illustrates the complexity of dealing with historical natural history collection records. This as- sessment attempted, for the first time, to identify all type material identified in the catalogue as originating from a particular geographical location, that was also a political unit defined at that time as German ‘Kamerun.’ The type status, collecting localities, collectors and dates mentioned herein are based on an assessment of the available informa- tion from catalogues, specimen tags and descriptions. Most of the specimens examined have incomplete collection re- cords due to diverse circumstances, including insufficient labelling at the time of collection, shipping, accession, de- scription and storage. We assume that further information on these collecting events can be determined with further provenance research. We hope this work contributes to an understanding of how natural history specimens are cata- logued and stored in the MfN collections and encourage further studies on all West African collections in the MfN and other Western museums. Hence, further funding for projects, such as the one presented here, is crucial for an as- sessment of museum storage processes and past collecting practices. Our study also attempts to disambiguate the doc- umented type specimen localities of collection in the hope to facilitate a future determination of these localities and, as such, an increasingly detailed understanding of the faunal situation from the perspective of geographical region, which may include flagging endemic species, their abundance and distribution over time, potentially contributing to a better and shared knowledge of global and local biodiversity. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Museum ftir Naturkunde Berlin and the German Lost Art Foundation. Paul Taku Bi- song and Catarina Madruga cooperated in the context of the project “Koloniale Provenienzen der Natur. Der Ausbau der Saugetiersammlung des Museums fiir Naturkunde Berlin, um 1900” (2020-2023), funded by the German Lost Art zse.pensoft.net Foundation (Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutversluste) and hosted at the Centre for the Humanities of Nature, MfN. The authors would like to thank the MfN Mammal Department es- pecially Frieder Mayer for useful comments and suggestions and Christiane Funk for providing access to the specimens and historical catalogues; and to the MfN digitisation team, in particular Eileen Westwig, Bernhard Schurian, Eran Wolff and Oskar Werb, for their support in the photographic records of the valid types. We acknowledge the team of the Centre for the Humanities of Nature, MfN, for the bureaucratic and scientific support that made this work possible, particularly Polichronia Kiourtidis, Katja Kaiser and Ina Heumann. 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