JHR 88: 71-83 (2021) ge, JOURNAL OF meet nnscnn na

doi: 10.3897/jhr.88.7642 | RESEARCH ARTICLE () I Tymenopter a
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https://jhr.pensoft.net Te Irarasional Society of Hymenoperiss, RESEARCH

Description of a new species of Foenatopus Smith
(Hymenoptera, Stephanidae), with a key to the species
from Vietnam

Si-Xun Gel, Li-Li Ren', Jiang-Li Tan?

| College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal
Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sci-
ences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, X7 an, Shaanxi 710069, China

Corresponding author: Li-Li Ren (lily_ren@bjfu.edu.cn), Jiang-Li Tan (tanjl@nwu.edu.cn)

Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 12 October 2021 | Accepted 6 November 2021 | Published 30 December 2021
Attp://z00bank. org/F B4A46CC-E23 D-4752-AF53-652B2FCD5943

Citation: Ge S-X, Ren L-L, Tan J-L (2021) Description of a new species of Foenatopus Smith (Hymenoptera,
Stephanidae), with a key to the species from Vietnam. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83. https://doi.
org/10.3897/jhr.88.76421

Abstract
Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov., as the first species of the genus Foenatopus Smith, 1861 dis-
covered from southern Vietnam, is reported and illustrated in detail. The key to the species of Foenatopus

from Vietnam is compiled. A distribution map of the Vietnamese species is provided.

Keywords

new species, parasitoids, crown wasps, southern Vietnam

Introduction

The cosmopolitan family Stephanidae Leach, 1815, consisting of 365 extant species
(van Achterberg 2002; Aguiar 2004, 2006; Aguiar and Jennings 2005; van Achter-
berg and Quicke 2006; Aguiar et al. 2010; Hong et al. 2010, 2011; Tan et al. 2015a,
2015b, 2018; Chen et al. 2016; Moghaddam et al. 2019; Gupta and Gawas 2020;

Copyright Sixun Ge et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

72 Sixun Ge et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83 (2021)

Binoy et al. 2020; Ge et al. 2021) are generally parasitoids of xylophagous insect
larvae, including species of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Chao 1964; Taylor 1967;
Kirk 1975; K6nigsmann 1978; van Achterberg 2002; Aguiar 2004). The genus Foe-
natopus Smith, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) is the largest genus in the family
that contains about 50% species of the family (Aguiar et al. 2010; Binoy et al. 2020).
Foenatopus can be found in the tropical and subtropical areas of the Afrotropical, Ne-
otropical, Palearctic and Oriental regions(Hong et al. 2011; van Achterberg, 2002).
Biological information is almost lacking. Up to now, only four species are known
from Vietnam, i.e. Foenatopus annulitarsus Enderlein, 1913, Foenatopus chinensis (El-
liott, 1919), Foenatopus flavidentatus (Enderlein, 1913), Foenatopus ruficollis (Ender-
lein, 1913), which are also recorded from China. Here we report the fifth Vietnamese
species, which is the first species discovered from southern Vietnam. A key to all spe-
cies from Vietnam is provided.

Materials and methods

The descriptions, measurements, and figures were made using a ZEISS AxioZoom V16
microscope with a ZEISS Axiocam 503 color camera. Photographs were combined us-
ing the ZEN 2.3 (blue edition). Morphological nomenclature follows van Achterberg
(2002) including the abbreviations for the wing venation. ‘The types are deposited in
the College of Forest Protection, Beijing Forestry University (BFU), China.

Taxonomy

Genus Foenatopus Smith, 1861

Foenatopus Smith, 1861: 58. Type species (by monotypy): Stephanus indicus West-
wood, 1841.

Diastephanus Enderlein, 1905: 473. Type species: Stephanus flavomaculatus Enderlein,
1901. Synonymized by Benoit, 1956.

Neostephanus Kieffer, 1904: 1-4. Type species (by monotypy): Neostephanus alluaudi
Kieffer, 1904. Synonymized by Narendran et al. (2001).

Diagnosis. Small to medium size. Temple always with pale yellowish streak behind

eye. Neck emarginate anteriorly, finely striate, pronotal fold absent; reduced vena-

tion with vein 2-CU1 of fore wing always less developed, but sometimes complete;

veins 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing absent; vein 1-SR absent or faintly developed;

hind tibia distinctly narrowed and compressed basally, outer side usually without fine

oblique striae; hind tarsus with three tarsomeres in the female, while five in the male.
Distribution. Afrotropical, Neotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental.

A new species of Foenatopus 73

Key to species of the genus Foenatopus Smith from Vietnam

1 Ovipositor sheath with ivory sub-apical band... eee ceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeenes 2
— Ovipositor sheath completely blackish or with brownish sub-apical band ........... 3
2 Large ventral tooth of hind femur ivory ......... E flavidentatus (Enderlein, 1913)
— Large ventral tooth of hind femur blackish [The male with frons entirely bright
yellow; hind femur with the third basal tooth acutely developed] .........e see eeeeeeeees
Re Fc Ra ied 8 JE Resets ML Re cette autre cist Seeds ante E. chinensis (Elliott, 1919)
3 Pterostigma relatively short and wide, obtuse apically; hind femur tridentate, ven-
tral tooth blackish to partly ivory; propodeum completely covered with rather large
eNacalyalslatte caurert| EY veto lore) coeur es ne RA ON ON CE rr eet ph ese 4
— Pterostigma comparatively long and narrow, somewhat subparallel-sided, acute api-
cally; hind femur bidentate, large ventral tooth ivory; propodeum covered with
sparse, shallow and circular foveolae, and with a relatively smooth area anteriorly
[The male with a large reddish-brown spot developed in the middle part of the
hind femur, the third tooth of the hind femur moderately developed].................4.
5 ea Mel Id Pe cn, kao Ne ad Mie E ds Ace Macc sn edo E. meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov.
4 Vertex with 4 carinae between ocelli; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing distinct, 0.7—1.1 x
as long as vein cu-a [male with frons completely yellowish; vein 2-CU1 of the fore

wing -0:3:-x/aslonig-as Vein CURA]. ccsuseeeeussendieae tes E. annulitarsus Enderlein, 1913
— Vertex with 3 carinae between ocelli; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing short or absent
[naale wink wills! cela detect hl att sratenvent tue E. ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913)

Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/FDB28C76-5980-4253-A039-43D556C3F480
Figs 1-31

Material examined. Holotype, 9 (BFU), Vietnam: Binh Thuan, Huyen Thuan Bac,
Dong Tien, 108°2.382’E, 11°12.912’N, VI.2020, leg. Local collector; Paratypes,
33 (BFU), Vietnam: Binh Thuan, Huyen Thuan Bac, Dong Tien, 108°2.382’E,
11°12.912’N, VI.2020, leg. Local collector.

Diagnosis. Head transverse in dorsal view and slightly elliptical in lateral view;
frons completely yellowish-brown without streaks; vertex coarsely transversely cari-
nate rugose with three distinct carinae between ocelli; propodeum shallowly circularo-
foveolate with a relatively smooth coriaceous area anteriorly (the anterior coriaceous
area concave more deeply in the male than in the female); pterostigma translucent
with dark brown margins, long and narrow, subparallel-sided; vein 2-CU1 extremely
short; hind femur with 2 ivory large teeth venrtally and with a blackish tooth obtusely
developed basally; ovipositor sheath without sub-apical band.

Description. Holotype. Female. The length of body (except ovipositor sheath) 10.5

mm; forewing 6.4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; the length of ovipositor sheath 9.6 mm.

74 Sixun Ge et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83 (2021)

Head. Antenna with 28 flagellomeres; frons finely and transversely rugose (Fig. 1);
three anterior coronal teeth large and lobe-shaped, while the posterior two relatively
small and wide; the ocular triangular area with three coarse transverse rugae; vertex
finely transversely rugose anteriorly, with coarse and slightly curved rugae reaching oc-
cipital carina; temple smooth and shiny, roundly contracts behind eyes (Fig. 2).

Mesosoma. Pronotum moderately robust and largely coriaceous; neck anteriorly
deeply emarginated, with several transverse ridges (Fig. 4), neck at about the same
level of the middle part of pronotum postero-dorsally; pronotal fold absent; middle
part of pronotum finely coarsely striate; posterior pronotum distinctly elevated and
transversely rugose; mesoscutum with finely reticulate striate anteriorly and poste-
rior half coarsely; scutellum smooth and with foveolae laterally (Fig. 5); propodeum
completely with shallow, circular foveolae, with a relatively smooth coriaceous area
anteriorly (Fig. 6).

Wings. Fore wing: hyaline (Fig. 7); vein 2-CU1 weakly developed, 0.25 x as long
as vein cu-a; pterostigma subparallel-sided, elongate and acute apically, 2.5 x as long as
vein rand 11.0 x as wide as its maximum width; vein SR1 2.1 x as long as vein 1; vein
SR1 and vein r obtusely angled; vein r ends 0.13 x length of pterostigma behind level
of apex of pterostigma.

Legs. Hind coxa transversely striate, dilated sub-apically (Fig. 8); hind femur dense-
ly reticulate, with two ivory large ventral teeth and with a blackish tooth rather obtuse
developed basally (Fig. 9); hind tibia coriaceous, 1.25 x as long as hind femur; basal
narrow part of hind tibia 1.1 x as long as widened part, inner side of widened part
basally distinctly V-shaped depressed, apically setose (Fig. 10); basitarsus 4.7 x as long
as wide, with dense and bristle setae ventrally (Fig. 11).

Metasoma. Tergite | (TT) finely transversely striate (Fig. 12), ca 7.4 x as long as its
maximum width, 2.25 x as long as TT]; basal one fifth of TH striate, and the remaining
tergites largely shiny, smooth or weakly aciculate (Fig. 13); pygidial area indistinctly
differentiated in color, and truncate apically (Fig. 14); ovipositor sheath completely
black, and ca 0.9 x as long as body length (Fig. 15).

Colour. Brownish to blackish; frons completely yellowish-brown without streaks
(Fig. 1), temple ventrally yellowish-brown along compound eye; wing membrane hya-
line (Fig. 7), wing veins brownish; pterostigma translucent with dark brown margins;
pronotum, mesoscutum and propodeum blackish; prosternum brownish; hind femur,
hind tibia and metasoma largely blackish to blackish-brown; large ventral tooth of
hind femur ivory (Fig. 9); ovipositor sheath complelely blackish without whitish sub-
apical band (Fig. 15).

Paratypes. Male. The length of body 9.5—11.4 mm; the length of forewing 4.9—
5 -nim-

Resemble to female but differs as follows: fore legs and mid legs brown; a large
reddish-brown spot developed in the middle part of hind femur; the blackish tooth
on the basal part of hind femur comparatively more developed; tergite I ca 3.2—3.37
x as tergite II and 0.92-1.05 x as remainder of metasoma; tergite HI reddish-brown
in dorsal view, and tergite II to tergite 1V brownish to reddish-brown in ventral view;

A new species of Foenatopus 75

Figures 1-4. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Holotype 9. | Head, frontal view; 2 Head,

dorsal view; 3 Head, lateral view; 4 Pronotum, dorsal view.

Figures 5-8. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Holotype 2. 5 Mesoscutum and scutellum,

dorsal view; 6 Propodeum, dorsal view; 7 Fore Wing; 8 Hind coxa, lateral view.

76 Sixun Ge et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83 (2021)

Figures 9-11. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Holotype 2. 9 Hind femur, lateral view; 10

Hind tibia, lateral view; | 1 Hind tarsi, lateral view.

Figures |2-15. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Holotype 2. 12 Tergite I, dorsal view; 13
Metasoma (except tergite I), dorsal view; 14 Metasoma (except tergite I), ventral view; 15 ovipositor and

sheath, lateral view.

A new species of Foenatopus gs

Figures 17-20. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Paratype 3. 17 Head, frontal view; 18

Head, dorsal view; 19 Head, lateral view; 20 Pronotum, dorsal view.

78 Sixun Ge et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83 (2021)

». at

Figures 21-24. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Paratype 3. 21 Mesoscutum and scutellum,
dorsal view; 22 Propodeum, dorsal view; 23 Fore Wing; 24 Hind coxa, lateral view.

0.2mm

Figures 25-27. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Paratype 3. 25 Hind femur, lateral view; 26

Hind tibia, lateral view; 27 Hind tarsi, lateral view.

A new species of Foenatopus Jb)

©
e

0.5mm

1mm

Figures 28-30. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Paratype G. 28 Tergite I, dorsal view; 29

Metasoma (except tergite I), dorsal view; 30 Metasoma (except tergite I), ventral view.

31

2mm

Figure 31. Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. Paratype 3, dorsal habitus.

80 Sixun Ge et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83 (2021)

forewing 4.9—5.7 mm; vein 2-CU1 weakly developed, 0.21—0.3 x as long as vein cu-a;
pterostigma subparallel-sided, elongate and acute apically, 1.74—2.35 x as long as vein
rand 8.6—9.6 x as wide as its maximum width; vein SR1 1.74—2.06 x as long as vein
r; vein SRI and vein r obtusely angled; vein r ends 0.24—0.26x length of pterostigma
behind level of apex of pterostigma.

Etymology. We name the new species as “meridionalis” (Latin for south) for the
type locality is in the southern part of Vietnam.

Distribution. Vietnam.

Biology. Collected in June. Host is unknown.

Note. The new species runs to F. flavidentatus in the key to Chinese species by
Hong et al. (2011) in having the base of anterior tooth of corona yellowish brown;
teeth of hind femur ivory and a less developed vein r on fore wing. However, the new
species differs from F flavidentatus in lacking the ivory sub-apical band of ovipositor
sheath; propodeum with a relatively smooth coriaceous area anteriorly and an indis-
tinctly differentiated pygidial area (pygidial impression in F flavidentatus deep and
reverse V-shaped). This new species runs to F sudhae (Narendran & Sureshan, 2003)
in the key to Indian species by Binoy et al. (2020) but it differs from F sudhae in hav-
ing 3 carinae between ocelli of the vertex and a distinct median longitudinal grove on

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0)
@ F. meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. n. Ps
© F. annulitarsus Enderlein, 1913 -
@ F. flavidentatus (Enderlein, 1913) p Nanst

._ F. ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913) Po
® F. chinensis (Elliott, 1919) |

Figure 32. Distribution map of Foenatopus species from Vietnam (map of Vietnam from: http://bzdct.

ch.mnr.gov.cn/)

A new species of Foenatopus 81

posterior half of mesoscutum. ‘The new species is also similar to F guadridens, a species
from Luang Prabang, Laos, in having posterior half of the pronotum distinctly striate,
the ovipositor sheath completely blackish and a coarsely sculptured frons, but it can be
easily distinguished by the two robust and ivory teeth on the hind femur (F guadridens
has 4 medium to large blackish teeth) and a slightly curved vein SR1 on the fore wing
(more straight in quadridens).

Discussion

Except the new species described in this paper, all of the former recorded species in
Foenatopus from Vietnam were collected in northern Vietnam (Fig. 32) and China
(Hong et al. 2010, 2011). As the fusion area between Gondwana and Malaya, Viet-
nam is a country with mega-biodiversity and the Indochina Peninsula also serves as a
bridge area between the East Asian continent and the Malay Archipelago, thus reflects
an integrated fauna composition and characteristics. However, only a few species of
Stephanidae have been described from Vietnam and it adjacent areas, and more unde-
scribed species can be expected.

Acknowledgements

The research was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (NSFC, No. 31201732, 31572300, 31872263) and Beijing’s Science and Tech-
nology Planning Project “Z201100008020001”.

We thank Prof Shi-Xiang Zong (Beijing Foresty University, Beijing) and Dr Tao
Li (General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management, National Forestry and
Grassland Administration, Shenyang) for their great support for this study.

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