JHR 83: I 25-| 37 (202 I ) OX JOURNAL CF Apeenreviewed open-access journal
doi: 10.3897/jhr.83.64380 RESEARCH ARTICLE () Hymenopter a

The International Society of Hymenopterists RESEARCH

https://jhr.pensoft.net

A key to all species of Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev
(Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) worldwide with
the descriptions of two new Chinese species

Meng-Meng Liu', Ze-Jian Li’, Mei-Cai Wei?

| College of Ecology, Lishui University Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China 2 Postdoctoral Work Station, Sci-
entific Research and Management Center of East China Pharmaceutical Botanical Garden, Lishui Ecological
Forestry Development Center, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China 3 College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal
University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China

Corresponding authors: Ze-Jian Li (lizejian2006@163.com), Mei-Cai Wei (weimc@126.com)

Academic editor: Marko Prous | Received 13 February 2021 | Accepted 25 May 2021 | Published 28 June 2021
Attp://zoobank. org/AFOOGACB-0692-4CF0-985F-38 98A044BE68

Citation: Liu M-M, Li Z-J, Wei M-C (2021) A key to all species of Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev (Hymenoptera,
Tenthredinidae) worldwide with the descriptions of two new Chinese species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83:
125-137. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.83.64380

Abstract

Fagineura was established by Vikberg & Zinovjev in Shinohara et al. (2000). In this paper, two new
species of Fagineura are described and illustrated, F brevicornis sp. nov. collected in Hubei Province and
E longitangia sp. nov. collected in Hunan Province from China. A key to all species of Fagineura world-
wide is provided, now including six species.

Keywords

China, key, Nematinae, sawfly, taxonomy, Tenthredinoidea

Introduction

Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 (Shinohara et al. 2000) is a small genus of the
subfamily Nematinae (Tenthredinidae). Until now, only four species have been known
worldwide (Taeger et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2019), namely F crenativora Vikberg &
Zinovjev, 2000 and F quercivora Togashi, 2006, distributed in Japan; and F flactoser-
rula Liu, Li & Wei, 2019 and F xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei, 2019, distributed in
China. In the course of studying Nematinae from China, two specimens of Fagineura

Copyright Meng-Meng Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

126 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125—137 (2021)

were found that are different from the four known species, and they are described here
as new species. The two species are described and illustrated, and a key to the known
species of Fagineura worldwide is provided.

Materials and methods

Imaging, terminology, deposition of material

The specimens were examined with a Motic-SMZ-171 stereomicroscope. Images of
the imagines were taken with a Nikon D700 digital camera and a Leica Z16APO sepa-
rately. The genitalia were examined with a Motic BA410E microscope, and images of
the genitalia were taken with Motic Moticam Pro 285A. ‘The series of images produced
were focus-stacked using Helicon Focus (HeliconSoft, Kharkiv, Ukraine) and further
processed with Adobe Photoshop CS 11.0.

The terminology of genitalia follows Ross (1945) and that of general morphology
follows Viitasaari (2002). For a few terms, including middle fovea, lateral fovea, and
lateral walls, we follow Takeuchi (1952).

Specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Asian Sawfly Museum, Nan-
chang, China (ASMN), including holotypes of the two new species, 2 specimens of F flac-
toserrula Liu, Li & Wei, 2019 and 16 specimens of F xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei, 2019.

Abbreviations used in the text and illustrations are as follows:

OCL The distance between a lateral ocellus and the occipital carina, or the hind mar-
gin of the head where this carina would be if it were developed (Benson 1954);

OOL The distance between an eye and a lateral ocellus;

POL ‘The distance between the mesal margins of the 2 lateral ocelli.

Results

Taxonomy

Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000
Figures 1, 2

Type species. Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000.

Diagnosis. Compared with the diagnosis of Liu et al. (2019), we present the follow-
ing changes: Medium-sized; clypeus and labrum yellowish white to yellow; clypeus with
broad and moderately deep (0.3—0.5) emargination apically; mandibles symmetrical;
malar space shorter than diameter of median ocellus, and in most species not exceeding
0.5 x of diameter of median ocellus; postocellar area more than 2.0 x as wide as long;

Two new species of Fagineura of China LF

C

Figure |. Whole body in lateral view of Fagineura species, female A, B, D holotype C paratype A EF brev-

icornis sp. nov. B E longitangia sp. nov. C FE xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei, 2019 D FE flactoserrula Liu, Li &
Wei, 2019.

128 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125—137 (2021)

Figure 2. Characters used to identify Fagineura species A FE brevicornis, lamnium (the short double arrow de-
notes the longest setae band, the long double arrow denotes the length of the annulus) B F xanthosoma, lamni-
um C F longitangia, lamnium D F flactoserrula, lamnium E F brevicornis, tangium F FE xanthosoma, tangium
G F longitangia, tangium (arrow denotes the posterior corner not swollen) H F flactoserrula, tangium (arrow
denotes the posterior corner swollen) | F longitangia (arrow denotes inner orbit of head) J F flactoserrula (arrow
denotes inner orbit of head) K F /ongitangia (arrows from top to bottom denote middle fovea, circumocellar
furrow and postocellar area) L F flactoserrula (arrow denotes inner orbit of head) K F longitangia (arrows from
top to bottom denote middle fovea, circumocellar furrow and postocellar area) M F longitangia (arrow denotes

posterodorsal corner of metepimeron) N F flactoserrula (arrow denotes posterodorsal corner of metepimeron).

Two new species of Fagineura of China 129

antenna usually shorter than thorax and abdomen together; posterior part of meso-
pleural katepimeron covered with hairs; distance between cenchri as long as or shorter
than breadth of a cenchrus; forewing without radial cross-vein; the costa of forewing less
dilated than in Pristiphora; petiole of anal cell of hindwing of F quercivora Togashi, 2006
short than cu-a, and the other 5 species longer than cu-a; claws bifid, inner tooth large;
sawsheath short; annular suture 1 with setae band; the longest setae bands of lancet is
at least 0.5 x length of annulus; cypsella of basal serrulae absent, apically short and with
emargination; tangium of lancet with campaniform sensilla in most species; except for
E quercivora Yogashi, 2006 we unknown, the radix of F xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei,
2019 shorter than lamnium, and the other 4 species longer than or as long as lamnium.

Remarks. Shinohara et al. (2000) provided the differences between Fagineura and
Nematus, but based on all species of Fagineura, it differs from Nematus in annular su-
ture 1 of lancet with setae band; less derived shape of the mandibles; malar space nar-
rower than the diameter of the median ocellus; katepimeron of the mesopleuron with
hairs; having campaniform sensilla on the tangium except for F flactoserrula only one
or none; the apically emarginate sawsheath except for E xanthosoma.

Key to all species of Fagineura worldwide

1 Mesepisternum, all coxae and ovipositor sheath black; inner tooth of tarsal
claw longer than outer tooth. Japan (Honshu)....A quercivora Togashi, 2006
- Mesepisternum mostly or entirely yellow or yellowish brown (Fig. 1A—D)) all
coxae yellowish white or yellow, or only basal margin black; ovipositor sheath
yellow or yellowish brown, or apical margin of valvula 3 black; inner tooth of

tarsaltclavcshorter thansouter toOtlisee cea s-c tee cee eae 2
2 Frontal area mostly yellow or yellowish brown; mesonotum mostly yellowish
brown; wine ems mostly pale yellow, 4: ....nc woes neutassesustiseen skadecssdenedDaseeates 3
- Frontal area entirely black; mesonotum mostly black; wing veins mostly
blacksbrowiteis:.c Brus. cb scr sate a eset sore mesa ts mals iar Bac nee ast ae “.
3 Area surrounding anterior tentorial pit and subantennal groove black; malar

space 0.4 x as long as diameter of median ocellus; middle fovea sub-circular
(Fig. 3B, C); sheath 2.3 x as long as metatarsomere 1, valvula 3 almost as long
as valvifer 2 (Fig. 3G); lancet with 15 serrulae, sutures 1-12 with setae bands,
longest setae band about 0.7 x length of annulus (Fig. 2A); cypsellae of ser-
rulae 1—7 absent, tangium with 4 campaniform sensilla, radix 1.1 x as long as
lamnium (Figs 2E, 3H-J). China (Hubei) «0... E. brevicornis sp. nov.
-- Area surrounding anterior tentorial pit and subantennal groove yellow; malar
space 0.8 x as long as diameter of median ocellus; middle fovea long, groove-
like; sheath 1.8 x as long as metatarsomere 1, valvula 3 1.3 x as long as valvifer
2; lancet with 21 serrulae, sutures 1-13 with setae bands, longest setae band
about 0.9 x length of annulus (Fig. 2B); cypsellae of serrulae 1-2 nearly absent,
tangium with more than 10 campaniform sensilla (Fig. 2F), radix 0.6 x as long
as lamnium. China (Hubei, Hunan)..... E xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei, 2019

130 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125—137 (2021)

4 Mesopleuron entirely pale yellowish browm; ovipositor sheath short, 1.6 x as
long as metatarsomere 1, with shallow emargination apically; annular suture
1 of lancet straight, and with 3 marginal sensilla below. Japan (Hokkaido,
Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku) ........ EF. crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000
— Mesopleuron with distinct black spots; ovipositor sheath relatively long, 1.9 or
2.0 x as long as metatarsomere 1, tapering toward apex; annular suture 1 of lan-
cet oblique to the apex of lancet, and with 7 or 9 marginal sensilla below........ 5
5 Supraclypeal area and inner orbit black, and with wrinkles (Fig. 2J); metapleu-
ron and abdominal terga mostly black; posterodorsal corner of metepimeron
rounded (Fig. 2N); middle fovea long and groove-like; circumocellar fur-
row indistinct; postocellar area 3.0 x as wide as long (Fig. 2L); lancet with
14 serrulae, each middle serrula with 10—13 distal teeth; annular suture 1
slightly curved, sutures 1-10 with setae bands, longest setae band about 0.7
x length of annulus; cypsella of serrulae 1-4 absent (Fig. 2D); tangium with
1 campaniform sensillum, and basoventral corner swollen (Fig. 2H). China
GDI) Mac ccesinrauan corsvsedestettcecverctoen EF. flactoserrula Liu, Li & Wei, 2019
= Most of supraclypeal area, inner orbit, metapleuron, most of abdominal terga
yellowish brown (Fig. 4C, E); posterodorsal corner of metepimeron squared
(Fig. 2M); middle fovea sub-circular; circumocellar furrow distinct; postocellar
area 2.5 x as wide as long (Fig. 2K); lancet with 16 serrulae, each middle serrula
with 13-16 distal teeth; annular suture 1 distinctly curved, sutures 1-11 with
setae bands, longest setae band about 0.6 x length of annulus; cypsella 1-9
absent (Fig. 2C); tangium with 6 campaniform sensilla, and basoventral corner

not swollen (Figs 2G, 4H, I). China (Hunan).............. EF longitangia sp. nov.

Fagineura brevicornis Liu, Li & Wei, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/6543B58F-779E-48AA-A4B8-FD290B16CA8D
Figure 3

Material examined. Holotype, female, Cuina: Hubei Province, Yichang City,
Shengnongjia Mountain, Guitouwan, 31°28.44'N, 110°08.87'E, 2150 m, 19 May
2012, leg. Ze-Jian Li, ASMN.

Diagnosis. F brevicornis is most similar to E xanthosoma in having both the mese-
pisternum, head and wing veins mainly yellow or yellow-brown; ovipositor sheath
entirely yellow or yellowish brown; but F brevicornis can be differentiated from the
latter by the black subantennal groove and area surrounding anterior tentorial pit (in
E xanthosoma these are yellow); malar space 0.4 x as long as diameter of median ocel-
lus; middle fovea sub-circular (Fig. 3B, C); sheath 2.3 x as long as metatarsomere 1,
valvula 3 almost as long as valvifer 2 (Fig. 3G); lancet with 15 serrulae, sutures 1-12
with setae bands, longest setae band about 0.7 x length of annulus (Fig. 2A); cypsellae
of serrulae 1-7 absent, tangium with 4 campaniform sensilla, radix 1.1 x as long as

lamnium (Figs 2E, 3H-J).

Two new species of Fagineura of China Gal

I 200m wy J

Figure 3. Fagineura brevicornis sp. nov., female, holotype A dorsal view B head, dorsal view C head,

anterior view D mesopleuron and metapleuron E antenna, lateral view F ovipositor sheath, dorsal view

G ovipositor sheath, lateral view H middle serrulae | lancet J tangium.

Description. Holotype, female. Body length approximately 7.0 mm (Fig. 3A).

Color. Body yellowish brown. Areas surrounding ocelli, antennal sockets, suban-
tennal groove, anterior tentorial pit, scape and pedicel of antenna, triangular spot on
the upper side of mesepisternum, anterior edge on the upper side of median mesoscu-
tal lobe, spot of median metascutellum, tergum 1 except triangular spot, anterior edge
of tergum 2 black; cenchrus yellowish white. Wings hyaline, without smoky macula,
stigma and most parts of veins pale yellow.

132 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125-137 (2021)

Head. Base of labrum elevated, apex rounded; base of clypeus strongly elevated,
anterior margin of clypeus arcuate and incised to 0.5 x length of clypeus, lateral corners
slightly rounded; labrum and clypeus shiny, basally without punctures or microsculpture,
apically with sparse and small punctures, without microsculpture. Malar space 0.4 x as
long as diameter of median ocellus. Inner margins of eyes slightly convergent downward
in frontal view, distance between eyes 2.0 x as long as height of eyes (Fig. 3C). In dorsal
view, inner margins of eyes subparallel; middle fovea sub-circular, slightly deep, with
a longitudinal groove at bottom. Frontal area elevated, slightly shiny, punctures small
and somewhat sparse, with weak microsculpture; anterior wall slightly elevated, notched
medially, lateral walls low and blunt, lateral furrows of frontal area slightly narrow and
shallow. The top surface of ocelli higher than the top surface of eye clearly in lateral
view; interocellar furrow broad and shallow, postocellar furrow somewhat narrow and
shallow; circumocellar furrow indistinct; POL : OOL : OCL = 0.9 : 1.0 : 0.8 (Fig. 3B).
Vertex and postocellar area shiny, punctures faint and very sparse, without microsculp-
ture; postocellar area slightly convex, middle furrow of postocellar area faint, approx. 2.2
x as wide as long, lateral postocellar furrows narrow and slightly deep, divergent back-
ward clearly (Fig. 3B). Antenna filamentous, shorter than thorax and abdomen together,
antennomeres 3-8 slightly compressed; antennomere 2 1.2 x as wide as long, relative
length of antennomere 3 : antennomere 4 : antennomere 5 = 1.0: 1.1 : 1.0 (Fig. 3E).

Thorax. Mesonotum slightly shiny, with fine and somewhat dense punctures,
without microsculpture; median mesoscutal groove shallow and thin; mesoscutellum
shiny, with faint and sparse punctures, without microsculpture, and flat, without mid-
dle ridge, about 0.8 x as long as wide; mesoscutellar appendage shiny, with small and
sparse punctures, microsculpture indistinct, about 0.3 x length of scutellum, middle
ridge very low and blunt. Distance between cenchri as long as breadth of a cenchrus.
Mesepisternum shiny, without microsculpture, with fine setigerous punctures; ane-
pimeron of mesepimeron shiny, with few punctures and microsculpture; katepimeron
smooth and shiny, posterior part with distinct microsculpture and covered with setae,
punctures indistinct; metapleuron shiny and smooth, punctures and microsculpture
indistinct (Fig. 3D). Vein Sc almost interstitial with origin of vein M from R, and vein
M shorter than vein R+M; forewings with cross-vein cu-a joining cell 1M at basal 0.6,
cell 2Rs 1.5 x as long as wide, petiole of anal cell of hindwing 1.7 x as long as cu-a.

Abdomen. All abdominal terga slightly shiny, with small and very sparse setigerous
punctures, microsculpture fine and dense. Ovipositor sheath slightly shiny, punctures
on valvula 3 fine and sparse, microsculpture indistinct; sheath 2.3 x as long as metatar-
somere | and 1.4 x as long as front tibia, valvula 3 almost as long as valvifer 2; in lateral
view, sheath tapering toward apex (Fig. 3G); in dorsal view, apex of cercus hardly pro-
truding beyond valvula 3, angle between most lateral setae of valvula 3 about 40°. Lan-
cet with 15 serrulae (Fig. 31); each middle serrula with 14—16 distal teeth (Fig. 3H);
annular suture 1 approximately straight, sutures 1-12 with setae bands, longest setae
band about 0.7 x length of annulus; cypsellae of serrulae 1-7, 14—15 absent, cypsellae
of serrulae 8—13 short; tangium slender and 5.5 x as long as annulus 1, with 4 cam-
paniform sensilla (Fig. 3J), radix 1.1 x as long as lamnium.

Two new species of Fagineura of China 133

Legs. Protarsomere | shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2—4; inner apical
spur of hind tibia 0.4 x as long as metatarsomere 1, metatarsomere 1 0.6 x as long as
combined length of metatarsomeres 2—5; tarsal claw with inner tooth long, 0.8 x as
long as outer tooth.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Hubei).

Remarks. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other Fagineura
species in body color and antenna (antennomeres 3-8 slightly compressed and looks
more stubby than other Fagineura species).

Etymology. ‘The specific name “brevicornis” is refers to the short antenna.

Fagineura longitangia Liu, Li & Wei, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/606EF4B7-2DC2-4A55-BFB2-DB9B05720128
Figure 4

Material examined. Holotype, female, Cutna: Hunan Province, Yizhang County,
Mang Mountain, Datangkeng, 24°59.02'N, 112°48.14'E, 1090 m, 11 April 2007,
leg. Mei-Cai Wei, ASMN.

Diagnosis. F /ongitangia is most similar to F flactoserrula in having both the
frontal area entirely black; mesonotum mostly black; wing veins mostly black-brown;
margin of valvula 3 black; but F Jongitangia can be differentiated from the latter by
most of supraclypeal area, inner orbit, metapleuron, most of abdominal terga yellowish
brown (Fig. 4C, E); posterodorsal corner of metepimeron squared (Fig. 2M); middle
fovea sub-circular; circumocellar furrow distinct; postocellar area 2.5 x as wide as long
(Fig. 2K); lancet with 16 serrulae, each middle serrula with 13-16 distal teeth; annular
suture 1 distinctly curved, sutures 1-11 with setae bands, longest setae band about
0.6 x length of annulus; cypsella 1-9 absent (Fig. 2C); tangium with 6 campaniform
sensilla, and basoventral corner not swollen (Figs 2G, 4H-I).

Description. Holotype, female. Body length approximately 7.5 mm (Fig. 4A).

Color. Body yellowish brown. Area surrounding subantennal groove and anterior
tentorial pit, antenna, most of frontal aspect of head, anterior margin of pronotum,
mesonotum except triangular spot of median mesoscutal lobe, metanotum, ventral
third and posterior margin of mesepisternum, most of mesepimeron, median spot and
lateral margin of tergum 1, margin of valvula 3 black; cenchrus yellowish white. Wings
hyaline, without smoky macula, stigma and veins black brown.

Head. Base of labrum elevated weakly, apex rounded; base of clypeus elevated, an-
terior margin of clypeus and incised to 0.3 x length of clypeus, lateral corners round-
ed; labrum smooth and shiny, without punctures and microsculpture, clypeus smooth
and shiny, with few fine punctures, without microsculpture. Malar space 0.3 x as long
as diameter of median ocellus. Inner margins of eyes convergent downward in frontal
view, distance between eyes 1.6 x as long as height of eye (Fig. 4C). In dorsal view,
inner margins of eyes subparallel; middle fovea sub-circular, deep, with a longitudinal

134 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125-137 (2021)

Figure 4. Fagineura longitangia sp. nov., female, paratype A dorsal view B head, dorsal view C head,

anterior view D antenna, lateral view E mesopleuron and metapleuron F ovipositor sheath, lateral view

G ovipositor sheath, dorsal view H middle serrulae I lancet.

groove at bottom. Frontal area hardly elevated, weakly shiny, with some hair warts
and wrinkles, punctures small and sparse; anterior wall elevated and curved, notched
medially, lateral walls slightly low and blunt, lateral furrows of frontal area broad and
shallow. The top surface of ocelli higher than the top surface of eye in lateral view;
interocellar furrow broad and deep, postocellar furrow slightly narrow and shallow;
circumocellar furrow distinct; POL : OOL: OCL = 1.0: 1.0: 0.7 (Fig. 4B). Vertex
and postocellar area smooth and shiny, punctures faint and sparse, without microscu-
Ipture; postocellar area convex, middle furrow of postocellar area narrow and shallow,

Two new species of Fagineura of China 135

2.5 x as wide as long, lateral postocellar furrows broad and shallow, subparallel back-
ward (Fig. 4B). Antenna filiform, slightly shorter than thorax and abdomen together,
relative length of antennomere 3 : antennomere 4 : antennomere 5 = 1.0: 1.4: 1.2
(Fig. 4D).

Thorax. Mesonotum shiny, with minute and slightly sparse punctures, microscu-
Ipture indistinct; median mesoscutal groove very shallow and narrow; mesoscutellum
and mesoscutellar appendage shiny, with minute and slightly dense punctures, mi-
crosculpture indistinct, mesoscutellum 0.7 x as long as wide; mesoscutellar append-
age approximately 0.3 x as long as scutellum, middle ridge low and blunt. Distance
between cenchri 0.9 x as long as breadth of cenchrus. Mesepisternum smooth and
shiny, setigerous punctures fine and very sparse, without microsculpture; mesepimeron
smooth and shiny, with some microsculpture on margins, punctures indistinct, poste-
rior part of katepimeron covered with setae; metapleuron shiny and smooth, posterior
of metepisternum with some setigerous punctures, without microsculpture (Fig. 4E).
Vein Sc little basad of origin of vein M from R, vein M slightly shorter than vein R+M;
forewings with cross-vein cu-a joining cell 1M at basal 0.5, cell 2Rs 1.5 x as long as
wide, petiole of anal cell of hindwing 1.4 x as long as cu-a.

Abdomen. All abdominal terga slightly shiny, with weak and sparse setigerous
punctures, microsculpture fine and dense. Ovipositor sheath shiny, punctures on val-
vula 3 small and very sparse, microsculpture indistinct; ovipositor sheath 1.9 x as long
as metatarsomere | and 1.2 x as long as front tibia, valvula 3 1.2 x as long as valvifer
2; in lateral view, sheath tapering toward apex (Fig. 4F); in dorsal view, apex of cercus
slightly protruding beyond valvula 3, angle between most lateral setae of valvula 3
about 70° (Fig. 4G). Lancet with 16 serrulae (Fig. 41); each middle serrula always with
13-16 distal teeth (Fig. 4H); annular suture 1 oblique and curved, sutures 1-11 with
setae bands, longest setae band approx. 0.6 x length of annulus; cypsellae 1-9 absent;
tangium 4.1 x as long as annulus 1, with 6 campaniform sensilla, radix approximately
as long as lamnium (Fig. 41).

Legs. Protarsomere 1 approximately as long as combined length of tarsomeres 2—4;
inner apical spur of hind tibia 0.5 x as long as metatarsomere 1, hind tibia 1.3 x as long
as hind tarsus, metatarsomere | 0.7 x as long as combined length of metatarsomeres
2—5; tarsal claw with inner tooth 0.7 x as long as outer tooth.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Hunan).

Remarks. ‘The new species is very similar to F flactoserrula Liu, Li & Wei, 2019,
having similar body color, clypeus, antenna and so on, but F /ongitangia can be dis-
tinguished from the latter using the above diagnosis and key to species. While we
recognize that some of these differences are quite small, we found the characters of
E flactoserrula described Liu et al. (2019) to be relatively steady across the two speci-
mens we examined. Furthermore, we argue that the holotype of F longitangia differs in
too many respects for these differences to be attributable to intraspecific variability of
E flactoserrula, and that it therefore represents a distinct species.

Etymology. The specific name “longitangia” is refers to the long tangium of the lancet.

136 Meng-Meng Liu et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 125-137 (2021)

Discussion

In this paper, two new species of Fagineura are described and illustrated. The morpho-
logical characters of the two new species conform to the generic characters of Fagineura
proposed by Shinohara et al. (2000), Prous et al. (2014) and Liu et al. (2019), such as:
malar space shorter than diameter of median ocellus, and in most species not exceeding
0.5 x of diameter of median ocellus; postocellar area short, more than 2.0 x as wide as
long; posterior part of mesopleural katepimeron covered with hairs; annular suture 1
with setae band; tangium of lancet with campaniform sensilla; and others. Also the two
new species can be distinguished easily from the four known species using the key to all
species of Fagineura worldwide above. Only one specimen of the new species and we
think they can be distinguished from the known species by morphological characters,
there is no sequence data in this paper.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful to the anonymous referees for valuable comments and
suggestions. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Founda-
tion of China (grant No. 31970447 and 31672344) and GDAS Special Project of
Science and Technology Development (2020GDASYL-20200102021, 2020GDA-
SYL-20200301003).

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