JHR 82: 361-415 (2021) ge, JOURNAL OF eeert nnn doi: 10.3897/jhr.82.65252 RESEARCH ARTICLE () Hymenopter a 4 https://jhr.pensoft.net The Imarasional Society of Hymenopeeriss, RESEARCH The velvet ant genus Pseudophotopsis André, 1896 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species Ahmed Mostafa Soliman! | Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, RO. BOX 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, PO. Box 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt Corresponding author: Ahmed Mostafa Soliman (amsoliman@ksu.edu.sa, ammsoliman@gmail.com) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 28 February 2021 | Accepted 26 March 2021 | Published 29 April 2021 http://zoobank. ore/C2CA4E54-C2FE-42DB-806A-6770DB6B5832 Citation: Soliman AM (2021) The velvet ant genus Pseudophotopsis André, 1896 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415. https:// doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65252 Abstract The monotypic subfamily Pseudophotopsidinae Bischoff, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from the Ara- bian Peninsula is revised. Six Pseudophotopsis species are reported from Saudi Arabia, Oman and Yemen. Two new species, P. dhofarensis sp. nov. (male) from Oman and P subaurea sp. nov. (male) from Saudi Arabia, are described and illustrated. The hitherto unknown female of P. mascatiana Invrea, 1962 is de- scribed and P aegyptiaca (Bischoff, 1920) (female) is associated and synonymized with P maura Bischoff, 1920 (male). An illustrated key for the species and their distribution in the Arabian Peninsula are provided. Keywords Faunistic list, Key, Male genitalia, New species, Oman, Saudi Arabia Introduction The Arabian Peninsula encompasses a total area of 2.7 million km* making it the largest peninsula on Earth. It is a more or less rectangular plateau, bounded to the northeast by the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, to the south and southeast by the Arabian Sea, and to the west and southwest by the Red Sea (Engel et al. 2011). The Farasan and Socotra Archi- Copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons At- tribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 362 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) pelagos are included in the present study, despite the fact that they are not geographically parts of the Arabian Peninsula, as they are politically parts of Saudi Arabia and Yemen respectively (Edmardash et al. 2020; Gadallah and Brothers 2020). While Saudi Arabia occupies almost two-thirds of the peninsula, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain share the remaining area (De Pauw 2002). Saudi Arabia is characterized by various ecosystems and a diversity of plant species; therefore, it is con- sidered to be the country with the richest biodiversity (Aldhebiani and Howladar 2013). The position of the Arabian Peninsula in relation to the faunal regions of the world is rather unique, as it is situated at the junction of three different biogeographical realms: the northern lowlands have Palaearctic affinities, the extreme east has Indo- Malayan (Oriental) affinities, and the south has Afrotropical affinities (Gadallah and Brothers 2020). Species of the family Mutillidae are mainly tropical in their distribution (Broth- ers and Finnamore 1993). They exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism: the females are always apterous with mesosoma forming a fused box-like structure [except for a few cases in which the pronotum is articulated, as in Myrmosinae (including the tribe Kudakrumiini)]; most males are fully winged, but various degrees of wing reduction with mesosomal modification are observed (Brothers and Lelej 2017). Unlike the situation in some other groups of insects with extreme sexual dimor- phism, where only one sex is used as the basis for species description, in Mutillidae both sexes are used. ‘Therefore, many species and even some genera in the family are known from one sex only. Often the male and female of a single species have been named separately, resulting in many synonyms (Brothers 1995). The Pseudophotopsidinae includes only the genus Pseudophotopsis André, 1896. The females vary in having functional ocelli, reduced ocelli, or a complete lack of ocelli (Brothers and Lelej 2017). The males of this genus were first placed in Agama Blake, 1871 (nom. praeocc.) and later in subgenus Pseudophotopsis André, 1896. The females are so unique that Ashmead (1899), based on an erroneous identification of the female of the type species, placed them in his new genus Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899. They were first associated with their males by Radoszkowski (1885), and this association was later confirmed by Schuster (1950) and Suarez (1965) who correctly placed females of Ephutomma in Pseudophotopsis. True males and females of Ephutomma belong to the subfamily Mutillinae (Lelej and Nemkov 1997; Brothers and Lelej 2017). The genus Pseudophotopsis includes 31 valid species worldwide (Pagliano et al. 2020); they are mainly nocturnal and widely spread in arid areas of the Palaearctic, a few penetrate to the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Brothers 1975; Lelej and van Harten 2006; Lelej 2007). The first focused step to study this group of wasps was by Bischoff (1920), in his monograph of the African mutillids, where he keyed many species and described seven valid ones, placing the males in the true genus, Pseudo- photopsis, and assigning the females to the genus Ephutomma. Many years later, Lele; (1980, 1985) keyed and figured the Pseudophotopsis species from the East Mediter- ranean region (including Turkey, Greece), Iran, Afghanistan, and the former USSR Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 363 (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan). Gadallah et al. (2020) reported four Pseudophotopsis species in the Arabian Peninsu- la: P aurea (Klug, 1829) (Saudi Arabia and Yemen), P binghami Bischoff, 1920 (Oman), P mascatiana Invrea, 1962 (Yemen), and P maura Bischoff, 1920 (Yemen). P aurea is known from both sexes, whereas the remaining species are known from males only (Lelej and van Harten 2006). El-Hawagry et al. (2016) incorrectly assigned the species P con- tinua (Fabricius, 1804) to the fauna of Saudi Arabia, via a misidentification of a single fe- male specimen collected from Baljurashi (Al-Baha); however, after reexamination during the present study, it was found that this specimen undoubtedly belongs to P aegyptiaca (Bischoff, 1920) which is associated and synonymized with P maura Bischoff, 1920. In the present study, two new species: P. dhofarensis sp. nov. (male) from Oman, and P subaurea sp. nov. (male) from Saudi Arabia, are described and illustrated. Two new sex associations are also recognized; the hitherto unknown female of P mascatiana is described for the first time from Saudi Arabia and P aegyptiaca (female) is associated and synonymized with P maura (male). Material and methods Sampling (Table I, Figs |, 2) The present study is based on Pseudophotopsis specimens collected from various loca- tions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Sultanate of Oman (mainly during 2007— 2019) using light and pitfall traps or by hand-picking at dusk. For the material exam- ined of previously and newly recorded species, the label data concerned with sampling locations are summarized, giving abbreviations to most of them. The data of these lo- cations is presented in detail in Table 1. The collection data of the species from Yemen and Oman in previous studies were combined with the recent data to create distribu- tion maps for Pseudophotopsis species in the Arabian Peninsula (Figs 1, 2). Examination and imaging Specimens were examined using a MEIJI-EMZ-10 stereomicroscope (up to 180 x magnification) fitted with an ocular micrometer for measurements. ‘The genitalia of some male specimens were extracted and left in cold 10% NaOH solution for 24 h, before being washed with distilled water and then with an ascending series of ethyl alcohol (70%—100%), and finally submerged in glycerol on a concave slide for pho- tographing. The genitalia of other male specimens were partly extracted from the metasoma to confirm identification. Photographs were taken with a Canon EOS 70D camera attached to a LEICA MZ 125 stereomicroscope. Individual source images were then stacked using the extended depth-of-field software Helicon Focus (ver. 7.6). Fur- 364 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Table |. Data of sampling localities of Pseudophotopsis species in the Arabian Peninsula during present and previous studies (SA = Saudi Arabia; * = collecting date gathered from previous studies). Abbreviation’ Locality Country _—_Region/ Province/Wilayah Latitude / Longitude Altitude Reference Governorate DS Dirab Station of Research SA Riyadh Riyadh 24°25'22"N, 46°39'21"E 572m __ Present study GR1 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°11'45"N, 42°23'21"E 1614m__ Present study Reserve_1 GR2 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°11'36"N, 42°23'25"E 1772m__ Present study Reserve_2 GR3 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°11'39"N, 42°23'42"E 1851m__ Present study Reserve_3 GR4 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°11'40"N, 42°23'49"E 1897 m__ Present study Reserve_4 GR5 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°11'47"N, 42°24'19"E 2285 m__ Present study Reserve_5 GR5 Garf Raydah Natural SA Asir Abha 18°12'16"N, 42°24'44"E 2820m__ Present study Reserve_6 IRI Ibex Reserve National Park_1 SA Riyadh Hutet bani Tamem 23°20'33"N, 46°27'28"E 675m __ Present study IR2 Ibex Reserve National Park_2 SA Riyadh Hutet bani Tamem 23°21'16"N, 46°26'56"E 684m __ Present study JA Jabal Akhadar Oman Ad-Dakhiliyah Nizwa 23°08'13"N, 57°44'04"E 1341 m__ Present study jl Jabal Ibrahim SA Makkah Taif 20°25'00"N, 41°10'60"E 1540m__ Present study KH1 Al-Khararah_1 SA Riyadh Al-Muzahimiyah 24°24'21"N, 46°14'40"E 691m __ Present study KH2 Al-Khararah_2 SA Riyadh Al-Muzahimiyah 24°23'01"N, 46°14'14"E 699m ___ Present study RH1 Rawdet Al-Harmalyiah_1 SA Riyadh Al-Quway'iyah = 24°18'24"N, 45°10'46"E_ 769m __ Present study RH2 Rawdet Al-Harmalyiah_2 SA Riyadh Al-Quway'iyah = 24°20'13"N, 45°09'15"E_ _774m__ Present study RH3 Rawdet Al-Harmalyiah_3 SA Riyadh Al-Quway'iyah = 24°18'35"N, 45°10'02"E_ 774m __ Present study RH4 Rawdet Al-Harmalyiah_4 SA Riyadh Al-Quway'iyah = 24°17'24"N, 45°08'34"E 796m__ Present study RK1 Rawdat Khuraim_1 SA Riyadh Rimah 25°23'02"N, 47°17'07"E 561m __ Present study RK2 Rawdat Khuraim_2 SA Riyadh Rimah 25°25'52"N, 47°13'56"E 572m __ Present study RF1 Rawdet Farshet Sheal_ 1 SA Riyadh Al-Aflaj 22°25'20"N, 46°34'46"E 594m __ Present study REF2 Rawdet Farshet Sheal 2 SA Riyadh Al-Aflaj 22°24'56"N, 46°35'17"E 602m __ Present study REF3 Rawdet Farshet Sheal_ 3 SA Riyadh Al-Aflaj 22°25'29"N, 46°34'32"E 606m __ Present study RS1 Rawdet al-Sabalh_1 SA Riyadh Az Zulfi 26°22'25"N, 44°58'14"E 660m __ Present study RS2 Rawdet al-Sabalh_2 SA Riyadh Az Zulfi 26°21'33"N, 44°59'05"E 661m __ Present study SH1 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°52'36"N, 41°18'40"E 892m __ Present study Reserve_1 SH2 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°51'46"N, 41°18'05"E 1225m __ Present study Reserve_2 SH3 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°51'04"N, 41°18'02"E 1325m__ Present study Reserve_3 SH4 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°51'43"N, 41°18'14"E 1399 m __ Present study Reserve_4 SH5 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°50'43"N, 41°18'16"E 1474m__ Present study Reserve_5 SH6 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°50'20"N, 41°18'36"E 1563m__ Present study Reserve_6 SH7 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°50'23"N, 41°18'40"E 1611 m__ Present study Reserve_7 SH8 Shada Al-Ala Natural SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°50'34"N, 41°18'41"E 1666m__ Present study Reserve_8 WBD Wadi Badawah SA Asir Al-Namas 19°14'18"N, 42°09'59"E 1996m__ Present study WBQ Wadi Bagrah SA Asir Saloos Al-Manzar —18°47'31"N, 42°01'05"E 422m ___ Present study WBR Wadi Barq SA Riyadh Hutet bani Tamem 23°15'52"N, 46°43'20"E 608m __ Present study WD Wadi Al-Dawaser SA Riyadh Wadi Al-Dawaser 20°25'30"N, 44°43'35"E 700m __ Present study WHI Wadi Hanifah_1 SA Riyadh Riyadh 24°54'18"N, 46°10'45"E 810m __ Present study WH2 Wadi Hanifah_2 SA Riyadh Riyadh 24°53'56"N, 46°10'32"E 818m __ Present study WK Wadi Kasan, 2 km N. Al- SA Asir Rijal Almaa 18°06'56"N, 42°13'53"E 475m _ Present study Habeel WM1 Wadi Marabah_1 SA Asir Abha 18°10'14"N, 42°22'12"E 1131m__ Present study WM2 Wadi Marabah_2 SA Asir Abha 18°10'06"N, 42°22'16"E 1177m__ Present study WMS Wadi Mashwas SA Asir Abha 18°10'06"N, 42°22'05"E 1219m__ Present study WN2 Wadi Neera_1 SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°44'53"N, 41°20'01"E 449m Present study Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 365 Abbreviation’ Locality Country _—_Region/ Province/Wilayah Latitude / Longitude Altitude Reference Governorate WNI1 Wadi Neera_2 SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°44'53"N, 41°20'01"E 471m __ Present study WR2 Wadi Reem_1 SA Jazan Aldarb 17°52'34"N, 42°16'40"E 144m Present study WRI Wadi Reem_2 SA Jazan Aldarb 17°52'35"N, 42°16'45"E 145m __ Present study WRY Wadi Reyam SA Al-Baha Makhwah 19°50'48"N, 41°22'40"E 470m __ Present study WY! Wadi Yabah_1 SA Makkah — Ardiya Al-Janubiyah 19°14'54"N, 41°47'15"E 402m __ Present study Wwy2 Wadi Yabah_2 SA Asir Ardiya Aljanubiyah 19°16'31"N, 41°48'35"E 424m Present study - 12 km NW of Manakhah* Yemen - Sanaa 15°05'00"N, 43°42'00"E 1500m_ Lelej and van Harten 2006 - 25 km SE Bajil * Yemen - Al-Hudaydah 14°53'00"N, 43°27'00"E 1370m_ Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Al-Huseis SA Jazan Farasan Islands 16°45'22"N, 42°04'08"E 4m _ Present study ms Al-Kowd * Yemen a Abyan 13°05'00"N, 45°22'00"E 20m __ Lelej and van Harten 2006 = Al-Lahima * Yemen = Sana’a 15°24'00"N, 43°32'00"E 1200m_Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Al-Mashoor SA Jazan Farasan Islands 16°51'02"N, 41°55'17"E 4.5m ___ Present study - AL-Sajid SA Jazan Farasan Islands ——-:16°52'60"N, 41°54'35"E 13m __ Present study - Al-Shafa SA Makkah Taif 21°08'21"N, 40°21'43"E 1972m__ Present study = Al-Soudah SA Asir Abha 18°13'21"N, 42°24'08"E 2717m__ Present study x Al-Wesam SA Makkah Taif 21°12'05"N, 40°21'29"E 1808 m__ Present study - As-Saleel National Park * Oman Ash-Shargiyah Al Kamil Wal Wafi 22°21'20"N, 59°11'47"E 215m _— Monks et al. St 2019 - Ayn Hamran Oman Dhofar Tagah 17°05'51"N, 54°16'59"E 1097 m__ Present study - Baljurashi SA Al-Baha Baljurashi 19°52'40"N, 41°34'18"E 1931 m__ Present study < Detwa * Yemen = Socotra 12°41'00"N, 53°29'42"E 9m Lo Cascio et al. 2012 = Di Hamri * Yemen a Socotra 12°38'52"N, 54°12'45"E 16m Lo Cascio et al. 2012 = Hadibo * Yemen a= Socotra 12°37'00"N, 54°01'00"E 30m __ Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Mabar * Yemen = Dhamar 14°47'00"N, 44°17'00"E 2450 m__ Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Qa al-Boun * Yemen = Amran 15°44'00"N, 44°00'00"E 2200 m__ Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Sana’a * Yemen - Sana’a 15°21'00"N, 44°13'00"E 2300 m__Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Taizz * Yemen - Taizz 13°35'00"N, 44°02'00"E 1400 m_Lelej and van Harten 2006 - Wadi Ayhaft * Yemen = Socotra 12°36'30"N, 53°58'54"E 200m __ Lo Cascio et al. 2012 — Wadi Difarroha * Yemen - Socotra 12°27'42"N, 54°08'43"E 100m __ Lo Cascio et al. 2012 a Wadi Kam * Yemen — Socotra 12°40'10"N, 54°07'10"E 30m Lo Cascio et al. 2012 ther image processing was completed with Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 (ver. 12.1.0.0) and Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.2 x64 (ver. 5.2.0.10) software programs. The geographical distribution of Pseudophotopsis species is based mainly on Gadallah et al. (2020). The distribution of the species in the Arabian Peninsula was plotted using DIVA-GIS (ver.7.5) software. Morphological terminology Morphological terms are based on Brothers (1975) and Brothers and Lelej (2017), and body sculpture terminology on Harris (1979). 366 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Emirates _ ee .© Saudi Arabia @ P. aurea Bee a Arabian Sea i & P. binghami ee LO ’ & P. dhofarensis sp. nov. i o. ? © ) @ P. subaurea sp. nov. ip Visine w= : kilometers Figure 2. Distribution map of Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea, and P subaurea sp. nov. in the Ara- bian Peninsula. Species identification The keys and descriptions provided by Bischoff (1920), Lelej (1985) and Lelej and van Harten (2006) were used for comparison of species collected from Saudi Arabia and Oman to the relevant species in the Palaearctic and the Afrotropical regions. Identifi- cations of some species were confirmed with the help of Denis J. Brothers (University Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 367 of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) and Arkady S. Lelej (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia). The “type” specimen of P kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff, 1920 was exam- ined and photographed by Roberto Poggi (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria’, Genova, Italy) and Marcello Romano (Italy) to clarify the identity of the new species, P subaurea, described here. Abbreviations Morphological: Fore wing venation (see Fig. 5A) — cell 1M = first discal cell; cell 2R1 = radial (= marginal) cell; vein Cu = cubital vein; vein 1M = medial (= basal) vein; vein R = radial vein; vein Rs = radial sector vein; vein Sc = subcostal vein. Other morphol- ogy — F1, F2, F3, etc. = antennal flagellomeres 1, 2, 3, etc; OOD = distance between posterior ocellus and inner eye margin; POD = distance between posterior ocelli; $1, $2, S3, etc. = metasomal sterna 1, 2, 3, etc.; T1, T2, T3, etc. = metasomal terga 1, 2, 3, etc. Collecting technical methods: HP = hand-picking; LT = light trap; PT = pit- fall trap. Depositories: ESEC Egyptian Entomological Society collection, Cairo, Egypt; KSMA _ King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria’, Genova, Italy; NHMB _Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Basel, Switzerland; PPDD Ministry of Agriculture collection, Giza, Egypt. Results Subfamily Pseudophotopsidinae Bischoff, 1920 Pseudophotopsini Bischoff, 1920: 22 (as tribe). Genus Pseudophotopsis André, 1896 Pseudophotopsis André, 1896: 266 (as subgenus of Muzilla Linnaeus, 1758). Type spe- cies: Agama komarovii Radoskowski, 1885 (male), by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1903: 305 (misspelled as Kamarovi). Alloneurion Ashmead, 1899: 59. Type species Agama kokpetica Radoszkowski, 1885 (male), by original designation (misspelled as kotepetica). Junior subjective syno- nym of Pseudophotopsis André, 1896 according to André, 1904: 31. Sphinctomutilla André, 1899: 7. Type species Mutilla continua Fabricius, 1804 (fe- male), by subsequent designation of Mickel, 1928: 37. Junior subjective synonym of Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899 according to André, 1900: 136. Junior subjective synonym of Pseudophotopsis André, 1896 according to Brothers, 1975: 590. 368 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Diagnosis. Eyes asetose, distinctly widened at lower pole in males (e.g., see Fig. 4A); clypeal free margin bituberculate (e.g., see Fig. 3C); tarsal claws with a ventral denticle (e.g., see Fig. 3A); mid and hind tibiae apically with a pair of unequal spurs (serrate in females) (e.g., see Figs 3A; 8B, C); second metasomal segment with felt lines depos- ited laterally on tergum and sternum (e.g., see Fig. 9C). MALES. Fully winged forms; fore and hind wings with anal lobes; metanotum mostly provided with a pair of more or less developed dentiform horns (e.g., see Fig. 4C). FEMALES. Apterous forms; mesosomal dorsum with visible sutures (e.g., see Fig. 7D); pronotum wider than fused meso-metanota, the latter more or less contracted and narrower than propodeum (e.g., see Fig. 7D); propodeal dorsal face rounded or truncate behind, without scutellar scale (e.g., see Figs 7D; 20B); T6 subconvex, with pygidial area having poorly expressed sculpture (e.g., see Fig. 9A, B) (Lelej 1985, 2002). Key to species of the genus Pseudophotopsis André, |896 in the Arabian Peninsula Females unknown for P subaurea, P dhofarensis, and P binghami. 1 Males: Fully winged forms; mesosomal dorsum with normally articulated plates Store SCe eI TO, 2 0 Yrs sik care oc ual a cide stall cost ce Nontscaash con Nasu clos Bei Basle ieee alte Ring 2 — Females: Apterous forms; mesosomal dorsum with fused meso- and metanota delimited by distinct pronotum and propodeum (e.g., see Fig. 7D) «0... eee A 2 Posterior metasomal segments (4" to 7") with integument more or less brownish- yellow, distinctly contrasting with darkened anterior segments (Figs 5B, C; 10B, C; 32A, C); antennal flagellomeres blackish-brown, at most F11 pale at the tip (Picts 4B <3 0B) ucts secdece de. sie es uncut oncane oncaahipslcedstesinstde cig Rte scolaue de iach uo lg tenn ERs 3 — All metasomal segments darkened, at most 7 segment yellowish-brown to red (e.g., see Fig. 14A, B, D); antennal flagellomeres more or less light brown (e.g., Se lio NB aul Leweals acres worm stenlttniss Uo astieretSriemees asec Ue eats wane h cons ween eaoeks 4 3. Head blackish-brown, tegula testaceous (Fig. 29B—D); metasoma wholly clothed with white setae (Figs 31C; 32C); T1—-T3 and S2—S3 with apical fringes of sparse white setae (Figs 31C; 32C); T1 foveate-reticulate (Fig. 31C); fore wing slightly infumate on distal half, with pale brown to yellow veins (except brown Sc+R) (Fig. 31B); 3" abscissa of Rs at most as long as crossvein r-rs (Fig. 31B); metanotal horns parallel to subparallel (Fig. 30C); cuspis of volsella rather wide subapically (Fig. 35B); parapenial lobe subtriangular, with narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 35); genital ventral lobe tapering apically (Fig. 35B)...... ee P. subaurea sp. nov. — Head and tegula dark red (Figs 3C, D; 4C; 10A); first metasomal segment and $2 clothed with long white setae, remaining metasoma densely clothed with golden setae (Figs 5B, C; 1OA—C); T1 with apical fringe of sparse white setae, T2—T’6 and S2-S6 with apical fringes of dense golden setae (Figs 5B, C; 10B, C); T1 rather sparsely foveate (Fig. 5B); fore wing wholly deeply infumate in most specimens, with dark brown veins (Fig. 5A); 3" abscissa of Rs distinctly longer than cross- vein r-rs (usually 1.3—1.4 x, in few specimens reaches 2 x) (Fig. 5A); metanotal horns distinctly diverging toward the apex (Fig. 4C); cuspis of volsella narrow api- Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 369 cally, digitate (Fig. 33B); parapenial lobe subrounded, with broadly rounded apex (Fig. 33A); genital ventral lobe rounded apically (Fig. 33B)........ P. aurea (Klug) Metanotal horns weakly developed, slightly longer than wide (1.15 x) (Fig. 12D); genital ventral lobes strongly bent inward, with outer margins strongly convex Wetree Poke IDA Bo haa See tots am ei beta tan das dad Ra Aa Ana dor ae P. dhofarensis sp. nov. Metanotal horns well developed, distinctly longer than wide (about 1.5 x) (Figs 16C; 24C); genital ventral lobes at most oblique inward, with outer margins straight-orobtusely anoulate (Figse34B; IDs 35D) s..1.c ib ecastesstdscenlonnl even wiesbeonee 5 Distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge less than mandibular height at base (about 0.85 x) (Fig. 16B); S2 with extremely small median basal tubercle (mostly absent) (Fig. 17C); outer margin of genital ventral lobe obtusely angulate (Fig. 34B) oes P. mascatiana Invrea Distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge longer than mandibular height at base (Fig. 24A; fig. 30 (8) in Lelej 1985); S2 with more or less prominent median basal tubercle (Fig. 25B); outer margin of senital ventral lobe straights (PigsiS41)s, 35D) te wecesesbiceticveasasibeede cdieskatee mendes 6 F1 as long as F2 (Fig. 24B); head convergent behind eyes (Fig. 23D); genital ventral lobe robust, oblique inward (Fig. 34D) wee P. maura Bischoft F1 shorter than F2 (0.9 x); temples prolonged, head less convergent behind eyes; genital ventral lobe rather cylindrical, extending directly posteriorly (Fig. 35D).. a aie ees eaio a orn geahMectdt see Sac agtasho dM once Siena P. binghami Bischoff T1-T5 and S2-S5 with apical fringes of compact white setae (Fig. 28A—D); discs of propodeum, T2 and T3 with brown setae (Figs 27E; 28D)... eee Me ee CR he LE in Dn ean Lh ie P. maura Bischoff T1-T5 and S2-S5 with apical fringes of compact golden setae (Figs 8D; 9C; 21C, D); propodeum, T2 and T3 with yellowish-white to golden setae (Figs 7D; 35D 304 0 Gio OP. Rd ae ee RE a DAE Mee PTO ROC a A 8 Only weakly developed posterior ocelli present, anterior ocellus absent (Fig. 19B); distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge 0.86—0.88 x as long as mandibular height at base (Fig. 19D); interspaces be- tween foveae or punctures on frons, vertex and mesosomal dorsum smooth, not tuberculate (Figs 19A, B; 20B, C); propodeal dorsal face slightly widened later- ally (subparallel sided), gently declivitous posteriorly (rounded), 0.70-0.77 x as long as maximal width (Fig. 20B, C); meso- and metapleura mostly smooth (Fig. 20C); mid and hind tibiae without prolongation at their apices (Fig. 21A, B); hind tibia with shallow groove extending along inner face (Fig. 21B); T6 with bell-shaped, finely wrinkled pygidial area (Fig. 22B) ......... P. mascatiana Invrea Distinct anterior and posterior ocelli present (Fig. 7A); distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge nearly as long as man- dibular height at base; interspaces between foveae or punctures on frons, ver- tex and mesosomal dorsum irregularly coarsely tuberculate (Figs 7A, B, D; 8A); propodeal dorsal face distinctly widened laterally, sharply declivitous posteriorly (truncate), 0.50—0.55 x as long as maximal width (Figs 7D; 8A); meso- and meta- pleura punctate (Fig. 8A); mid and hind tibiae with strong prolongation at their 370 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) apices (Fig. 8B, C); hind tibia without such groove on inner face (Fig. 8C); T6 with oval-shaped pygidial area, finely rugose on disc and obliquely striate laterally CECE BYR cae de ggueeen scee aio title lab Pua tle a tethey Mea cues dda Rade Sauce ce P. aurea (Klug) Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug, 1829) Figures 3-10; 33A, B Mutilla aurea Klug, 1829: [18], (2), “Ex Habissinia et Arabia deserta” (Ethiopia and Arabia). Mutilla kassalina Magretti, 1898: 42, (¢ holotype), “Kassala” (Sudan). Junior subjec- tive synonym of Mutilla aurea Klug, 1829 according to Lelej and van Harten 2006: 7. Pseudophotopsis kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff, 1920: 99, (3 holotype), “Arafali” (Er- itrea). Invalidly considered a junior subjective synonym of Mutilla aurea Klug, 1829 according to Lo Cascio et al. 2012: 527, although this is an unavailable name according to Article 45.6.4 of ICZN. Pseudophotopsis continua subsp. arabica Hammer, 1962: 2, (Q holotype), “Sufean, La- hej, Aden” (Yemen). Junior subjective synonym of Mutilla aurea Klug, 1829 ac- cording to Lelej and van Harten 2006: 7. Diagnosis. Male (Figs 3-5; 10A—C; 33A, B). Body length 12.3-18 mm. Head and mesosoma including tegula dark red (Figs 3C, D; 4A, C, D); antennal flagellomer- es blackish-brown, at most F11 pale at the tip (Fig. 4B); posterior metasomal seg- ments (4 to 7”) more or less brownish-yellow, distinctly contrasting with darkened anterior segments (Fig. 5B, C). First metasomal segment and S2 (except posteriorly) clothed with long white setae, remaining metasoma densely clothed with golden setae (Figs 5B, C; 10B, C); T1 with apical fringe of sparse white setae, T2—T6 and S2-S6 with apical fringes of dense golden setae (Figs 5B, C; 10B, C). POD 1.5-1.85 x OOD (Fig. 3D); distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge slightly longer than mandibular height at base (1.08—1.15 x) (Fig. 4A); T1 rather sparsely foveate (Fig. 5B); metanotal horns well developed (1.7—1.8 x as long as wide), distinctly diverging toward the apex (Fig. 4C); fore wing wholly deeply infumate in most specimens, with dark brown veins (Fig. 5A), with 3% abscissa of Rs distinctly longer than crossvein r-rs (usually 1.3—1.4 x, in few specimens reaches 2 x) (Fig. 5A). Cuspis of volsella narrow apically, digitate (Fig. 33B); parapenial lobe subrounded, with broadly rounded apex (Fig. 33A); genital ventral lobe, rounded apically, with outer margin slightly concave (Fig. 33B). Female (Figs 6-9). Body length 15.5—17 mm. Propodeum, T2 and T3 with yellow- ish-white to golden setae (Fig. 6A); T1—-T5 and S2-S5 with apical fringes of compact golden setae (Figs 8D; 9C). Vertex with distinct anterior and posterior ocelli (Fig. 7A); distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge near- ly as long as mandibular height at base; interspaces between foveae or punctures on frons, vertex and mesosomal dorsum irregularly coarsely tuberculate (Figs 7A, B, D; Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 37 Figure 3. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Male) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively (lateral felt line on T2 indicated, ventral denticle on tarsal claw in magnified pretarsus indicated) C head, frontal view (denticulations on clypeal free margin indicated) D head and antennal scape, dorsal view. 372 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Wis i vit ah . ; ; oN Y dd diay wa Ms Vn) papi! fi wile Mi iM) Hi vernal \Mi/ ) 4 i Figure 4. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Male) A head, lateral view (mandibular basal lower tooth in- dicated) B antenna C, D mesosoma, dorsal and lateral views, respectively (metanotal horns indicated) E T3-17, dorsal view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 373 Figure 5. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Male) A right fore wing (relevant veins and cells labelled) B, C metasoma, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 374 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A 5mm Figure 6. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Female) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 8A); propodeal dorsal face distinctly widened laterally, sharply declivitous posteriorly (truncate), 0.50—0.55 x as long as maximal width (Figs 7D; 8A); meso- and meta- pleura punctate (Fig. 8A); mid and hind tibiae with strong prolongation at their apices (Fig. 8B, C); hind tibia without a groove on inner face (Fig. 8C); T6 with oval-shaped pygidial area, finely rugose on disc and obliquely striate laterally (Fig. 9B). Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 375 : = i Figure 7. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Female) A head, frontal view B head and antennal scape, dorsal view C antenna (with only part of scape) D mesosoma, dorsal view. 376 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A Figure 8. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view (tubercles on pro- podeal dorsum indicated) B, C mid and hind tibiae and basitarsomeres, respectively (prolongation at the apices of mid and hind tibiae indicated) D metasoma, dorsal view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula a7 : + ae zis ft \ Figure 9. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (Female) A T4—T6, dorsal view B T6 (after removing setae sur- rounding pygidial area) C metasoma, ventral view (felt lines on T2 and S2 indicated). Remarks. Examination of Pseudophotopsis kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff, 1920 (Fig. 1OA—D), through a series of photos taken of the “type” specimen kept in MSNG, confirm synonymizing of this form with P. aurea (Klug) as proposed by Lo Cascio et al. (2012), and contributes to reinforcing the identity of the new P subaurea described here. On the other hand, the same authors (2012) considered this form as unavailable infrasubspecific name according to the article 45.6.4 of ICZN, where Bischoff (1920) specified it as a form, but specified other taxa in the genus (e.g. maura) as subspecies, showing that he considered semiaurata to be infrasubspecific. Material examined. 1 (Eritrea, Arafali), Leg. Magretti P. [“Holotype” of P kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff, MSNG]; 14 (WY1), 11.x.2013, LT, leg. Rasool I. [KSMA]; 13 (WBQ), 04.xi.2013, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 2¢ (SH5), 23 (SH6), 23 (SH7), 13 (SH8), 21.iv.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 37/8 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A | \ A i Bates = Figure 10. Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug) (“Holotype” male of P. kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff (MSNG)) A habitus, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C metasoma, latero-ventral view D labels. (SH5), 63 (SH8), 3.vi.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 19 (SH5), 12 (SH8), 5.vi.2014, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (GR1), 14 (GR2), 8.vi.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [IKSMA]; 14 (GR2), 26.viii.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (WR2), 20.x.2014, LT, leg. Al-Harbi M. & Rasool I. [KSMA]; 13 (WN2), 10.xii.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1¢ (SH5), 2¢ (SH6), 23 (SH7), 3.vi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (SH8), 27.vii.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 14 (GR3), 23 (GR4), 31.vii.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 12 (GR2), 31.vii.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1¢ (SH2), 1¢ (SH3), 14 (SH7), 2.ix.2015, LI, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; ZOUSHID):, 107i 00-5. ss leg. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 379 Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (SH5), 1d (SH6), 15.xi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 19 (SH1), 15.xi.2015, HP, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 1¢ (SH1), 14.xi.2015, LT, leg. Ahmed M. Soliman (AMS) [KSMA]; 13 (SH3), 18.xi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1¢ & 19 (SH4), 24.iii.2017, LT for @ and HP for 9, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (WM1), 4.iv.2017, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (Al-Sajid), 28.iv.2017, LT, leg. Abu- Elghiet U. & El-Sheikh T. [KSMA]; 19 (Al-Huseis), 28.iv.2017, PT, leg. Abu-Elghiet U. & El-Sheikh T. [KSMA]; 19 (Al-Mashoor), 29.iv.2017, PT, leg. Abu-Elghiet U. & El-Sheikh T. [KSMA]; 12 (WRY), 7.iv.2019, HP, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 135 (WM2), 11.iv.2019, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (Wk), 12.iv.2019, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]. Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. Sana’a, Socotra and Taizz provinces (Yemen) (Lelej and van Harten 2006; Lo Cascio et al. 2012; Madl 2018); Al-Baha, Asir, Jazan, and Makkah regions (southwestern Saudi Arabia) (Fig. 1). Global distribution. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen (Gadallah et al. 2020). Pseudophotopsis binghami Bischoff, 1920 Figure 35C, D Pseudophotopsis binghami Bischoff, 1920: 96, (4 holotype), “Perso-Baluch. Frontier” (Iran). Pseudophotopsis komarovii subsp. zarudnyi Skorikov, 1935: 292, (4), “Kerman, strana Sargad, Tshah-i-Zaman” (Iran). Junior subjective synonym of Pseudophotopsis bing- hami Bischoff, 1920 according to Lelej, 1985: 83. Diagnosis. Male. Body length 8—17 mm. Head and mesosoma (including legs) brown; metasoma black, 1“ segment entirely and S2—S7 lighter; flagellomeres light brown; fore wing hyaline, with brown veins. Head with prolonged temples, weakly convergent behind eyes; distance between posterior ocellus and posterior head margin longer than longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter; POD 2.1—2.5 x OOD; F1 slightly shorter than F2 (0.9 x); basal lower mandibular tooth significantly bent downwards, distance between apex of lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge slightly longer than man- dibular height at the base (see fig. 30 (8) in Lelej 1985); S2 with well developed me- dian basal tubercle; T2 basally and laterally with small dense foveae, becoming sparse on disc (several diameters distance apart); cuspis of volsella narrow at tip (Fig. 35D); parapenial lobe slightly oblique inward, with broadly rounded apex (Fig. 35C); genital ventral lobe rather cylindrical, extending directly posteriorly, with broadly rounded apex (Fig. 35D). (Bischoff 1920; Lelej 1985). Female. Unknown. Material examined. No specimens examined. Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. Ash Shargiyah South province (Oman) (Monks et al. 2019) (Fig. 1). Global distribution. Central Asia, India, Iran, Oman (Gadallah et al. 2020). 380 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Pseudophotopsis dhofarensis sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/E1A86436-C79A-4F9IE-AE08-5B74488C979C Figures 11-14; 33C, D Type material. Holotype 4, SULTANATE OF Oman, Ayn Hamran (Tagah, Dhofar prov- ince) [17°05'51"N, 54°16'59"E, alt. 1097 m], 20.xi.2017, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]. Diagnosis. Male. Distance between posterior ocellus and posterior head margin longer than longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter (1.8 x) (Fig. 11D); distance be- tween apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge distinctly less than mandibular height at base (0.73 x) (Fig. 12C); metanotal horns weakly developed, short, slightly longer than wide (1.15 x), parallel (Fig. 12D); T1 rather long, 1.3 x as long as its maximal width (Fig. 14A); second metasomal segment with apical fringe of sparse fine white setae (Fig. 14A, B); lateral felt line on T2 about 0.85 x as long as distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin (Fig. 14C); S2 without median basal tubercle (Fig. 14B, C); genitalia with ventral lobes strongly bent inward, with outer margins strongly convex and apices directed posteriorly (Fig. 33C, D). Description of male holotype. Body length 9.5 mm. Color (Figs 11A—C; 12B, C; 14B, D). Head, mesosoma, and first metasomal segment reddish-brown, T1 darkened at posterior margin; metasomal segments 2—6 blackish-brown to black, with posterior margins narrowly more or less yellow; last metasomal segment yellowish-brown, T7 lighter than S7 and S8 (hypopygium); antenna, palps, basal two-thirds of mandible, tegula and fore leg testaceous; mid and hind legs reddish-brown; apical third of mandi- ble polished-chestnut colored, basal lower mandibular tooth darkened. Wings hyaline with yellowish-brown veins, pterostigma and Sc+R vein brown. Setation (Figs 11C, D; 12A, C, D; 13A; 14A—D). Body including legs and basal third of mandible clothed with long erect white setae mixed with short suberect to recumbent setae on metasomal segments 2—7; T2 and S2 with apical fringes of sparse (not compact) white fine setae. Head (Figs 11C, D; 12A—C). Densely setiferous punctate; head height (from free clypeal margin to vertex) 0.94 x maximal width; POD 2 x OOD; distance between posterior ocellus and posterior head margin 2 x as long as longitudinal posterior ocel- lus diameter; vertex broadly emarginate posteriorly; clypeus with well developed, la- mellate, longitudinal median carina; distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge about 0.73 x as long as mandibular height at the base, subapically with two teeth, preapical tooth extremely small; pedicel as long as wide, 0.52 x as long as F1; F1 1.8 x as long as wide, as long as F2 and F3. Mesosoma (Figs 12D; 13A). In dorsal view 1.8 x as long (excluding pronotal flange) as its maximal width; pronotal dorsal face setiferous foveate-reticulate, except for smooth and polished posterior margin, with humeral angles gently rounded, and lateral face horizontally carinulate near posterior margin; mesoscutum sparsely setifer- ous punctate, with complete notauli slightly diverging anteriorly; scutellum smooth on disc, densely setiferous foveolate laterally; metanotal horns short, parallel, scarcely longer than wide (1.15 x); propodeum setiferous areolate, gently sloping posteriorly; mesopleuron foveate-reticulate, except the smooth posterior margin of mesepimeron. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 381 Figure | 1. Pseudophotopsis dhofarensis sp. nov. (Male) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively C head, frontal view D head, antennal scape and pedicel, dorsal view. 382 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Figure 12. Pseudophotopsis dhofarensis sp. nov. (Male) A head, fronto-lateral view B antenna C mandi- ble, lateral view D mesosoma, dorsal view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 383 Figure 13. Pseudophotopsis dhofarensis sp. nov. (Male) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B right fore wing. Fore wing (Fig. 13B). Cell 2R1 1.9 x as long as pterostigma, with rounded apex; anterior margin of 2R1 1.5 x as long as pterostigma; first discal cell (1M) about 0.75 x as long as 2R1; 3“ abscissa of Rs as long as crossvein r-rs; vein 1M convex. Metasoma (Fig. 14A—D). T1 1.3 x as long as maximal width, setiferous foveate- reticulate; [2 0.9 x as long as its maximal width, densely setiferous foveate laterally mixed with small punctures, sparsely setiferous punctate basally and on disc, puncticu- late along posterior margin, with polished interspaces between punctures; length of lateral felt line on T2 less than distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin (0.85 x); T3-T7 and S3—S6 setiferous punctulate (T7 with vague longitudinal median polished ridge); S2 foveate, foveae mixed with dense fine punctures, especially on sides; S2 without median basal tubercle; S8 (hypopygium) with median apical small tubercle. 384 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) 500,m Figure 14. Pseudophotopsis dhofarensis sp. nov. (Male) A, B metasoma, dorsal and ventral views, respec- tively C 2°¢ and 3“ metasomal segments, ventro-lateral view D T6—T7, dorsal view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 385 Genitalia (Fig. 33C, D). Cuspis of volsella narrow, digitate, not reaching apex of paramere, with few long setae; parapenial lobe oblique inward, with broadly rounded apex; ventral lobe extremely bent inward, having apex directed anteriorly, with strongly convex outer edge and serrulate inner edge. Female. Unknown. Recognition. The new species, P dhofarensis, resembles the Asian species, P. cau- casica (Radoszkowski, 1885), in having the fore wing with yellow veins, $2 without a median basal tubercle, and T2 with the lateral felt line shorter than the distance between the felt line and the posterior tergal margin. However, it differs from P. cau- casica in the following aspects: the distance between the posterior ocellus and posterior head margin 2 x as long as the longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter (Fig. 11D) (this distance slightly larger than the longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter in P. cauca- sica); cuspis of volsella narrow, digitate, not reaching apex of paramere (Fig. 33C, D) (somewhat broad, reaching apex of paramere in P. caucasica (see fig. 32(3) in Lele; 1985); genital ventral lobe extremely bent inward, with a strongly convex outer edge and an apex directed anteriorly (Fig. 33C) (this lobe only slightly bent inward, with the outer edge nearly straight, and an apex directed posteriorly in P. caucasica (see fig. 32(3) in Lelej 1985). Etymology. The new species, P dhofarensis, is named after Dhofar province (Oman) where the holotype male specimen was collected. Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. Dhofar province (Oman) (Fig. 1). Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea, 1962 Figures 15-22; 34A, B Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea, 1962: 324, (3 holotype), “Migiurtinia” (Somalia). Diagnosis. Male (Figs 15—17; 34A, B). Body length 8.8-16 mm. Metasomal segments darkened, at most 7” segment yellowish-brown to red (Fig. 17B, C); fore wing slightly infuscate on distal half, with brown veins (Sc+R and pterostigma darker) (Fig. 17A); antennal flagellomeres more or less light brown (Fig. 16A). Distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge less than mandibular height at base (about 0.85 x) (Fig. 16B); POD 1.3-1.6 x OOD (Fig. 15D); metanotal horns well developed, distinctly longer than wide (about 1.5 x) (Fig. 16C); T1 distinctly long, about 1.45—1.65 x as long as maximal width (Fig. 15B); lateral felt line on T2 about 0.6—0.75 x as long as distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin; S2 with extremely small median basal tubercle (mostly absent) (Fig. 17C); parapenial lobe slightly oblique inward, with subrounded apex (Fig. 34A); genital ventral lobes at most oblique inward, with outer margin obtusely angulate (Fig. 34B). Female (Figs 18-22). Body length 10.8—16.5 mm. Anterior ocellus absent, only a pair of poorly developed posterior ocelli present (Fig. 19B); distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge 0.86—0.88 x as long as mandibu- lar height at the base (Fig. 19D); F1 about 1.2 x as long as F2 (Fig. 20A); mesosomal 386 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Figure 15. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Male) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively C head, frontal view D head and antennal scape, dorsal view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 387 dorsum regularly punctate, with interspaces between punctures ridged but not tuber- culate (smooth), clothed with long erect to suberect golden setae (Fig. 20B, C); pro- notal dorsal face (excluding anterior flange) gently declivitous antero-medially, with convex anterior border (Fig. 20B); propodeal dorsal face gently declivitous (rounded) posteriorly, 0.70—0.77 x as long as maximal width (Fig. 20B); meso- and metapleura mostly smooth (with scattered fine punctures) (Fig. 20C); mid and hind tibiae without prolongation at their apices (Fig. 21A, B); hind tibia with narrow shallow groove ex- tending along inner face (Fig. 21B); T1—-T5 and S2-S5 with apical fringe of compact golden setae (Figs 18A, B; 21C, D); T2 densely punctate, punctures 1-2 diameters apart (Fig. 21C); T6 with bell-shaped, finely wrinkled pygidial area (Fig. 22B). Description of female (hitherto unknown) allotype (Figs 18-22). Body length 10.8 mm. Color (Figs 18A, B; 19A, D; 20A; 21D). Head (including antennal scape, pedicel and F1 and basal third of mandible) and mesosoma (including legs) dark red (mid and hind legs darker); remaining flagellomeres light brown, F11 yellowish api- cally; mandible black apically; metasomal terga black (except blackish-red T6), sterna blackish-red to black. Setation (Figs 18A, B; 19A—D; 20C; 21C, D; 22A). Head (including scape, pedi- cel and F1 of antenna and basal third of mandible), pronotal lateral face, meso- and metapleura, legs, T1 and $1—-S2 clothed with long erect white setae; mesosomal dor- sum and T2—T5 with long erect to suberect golden setae; T1—T'5 and S2-S5 with api- cal fringe of extremely dense (compact) golden setae, paler on sterna. Head (Figs 18B; 19A—D; 20A). In dorsal view, subquadrangular, scarcely narrower than pronotum, convergent behind eyes, with broadly rounded temple; head height slightly greater than width; only a pair of poorly developed posterior ocelli present, an- terior ocellus absent; frons, vertex, and gena densely setiferous foveate, interspaces be- tween foveae thick (ridged) without tubercles; eye rather oval-shaped, widely separated from mandibular articulation (malar space about 0.85 x mandibular basal height); scrobal carina well developed, polished and thick; clypeal longitudinal median carina ridged, free margin with a pair of small tubercles; mandible with strong subbasal lower tooth, distance between apex of tooth and upper mandibular ridge about 0.86 x as long as mandibular height at base, subapically with distinctly small inner tooth. F1 1.7 x as long as maximal width, 1.2 x as long as F2, hardly longer than F3 (1.1 x). Mesosoma (Figs 20B, C; 21A, B). Dorsum regularly setiferous punctate, with interspaces between punctures ridged and polished, not tuberculate; pronotal dorsal face slightly wider than propodeum (1.15 x), rather gently declivitous anteromedially, with slightly convex anterior border and broadly rounded humeral angles; pronotal lateral face foveate-reticulate; promesonotal suture gently arched; mesonotum sud- denly contracted behind pronotum (about 0.75 x as wide as pronotum), with posteri- or suture nearly straight; propodeal dorsal face about 0.77 x as long as maximal width, subparallel at sides, gently declivitous (rounded) posteriorly; propodeal posterior face foveate-reticulate (interspaces between foveae not tuberculate); meso- and metapleura shiny, mostly smooth (with scattered fine punctures), mesepisternum with vertical row of close foveae on ventral half of strong mesopleural ridge; mid and hind tibiae 388 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A B Figure 16. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Male) A antenna B head and antennal scape, lateral view C, D mesosoma, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 389 Figure 17. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Male) A right fore wing B, C metasoma, dorsal and ven- tral views, respectively. with a double row of 5—7 strong spines on outer faces, both tibiae without prolonga- tion at their apices; hind tibia with longitudinal narrow and shallow groove extending along inner face. 390 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A lmm Figure 18. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Female) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Metasoma (Figs 21C, D; 22A, B). Sessile; 'T1 without distinct dorsal face (sharply sloping forward), wider than long (1.3 x), densely finely punctate apically (punctures 1—2 diameters apart), sparsely punctate at the base; T2 densely punctate throughout (punctures larger than those on T1, 1—2 diameters apart); exposed parts of T3—T5 finely punctate; T6 nearly entirely covered with long golden setae arising from apical fringe of T5 and laterally on T6 (removal of setae shows finely wrinkled, bell-shaped Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 391 Figure 19. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Female) A=-C head, frontal, dorsal and lateral views, re- spectively D mandible, fronto-lateral view. pygidial area of T6); S1 with strongly elevated inverted Y-shaped carina; S2 densely punctate, basally with large median tubercle. Material examined (174 males, 11 females). 129 (WM2), 11.iv.2019, HP leg. AMS [KSMA]; 14 (JB), 10.ix.1983, leg. Buttiker W. [NMB]; 13 (Al-Wesam), 11.x.2010, leg. AlDhafer et al. [allotype KSMA]; 23 (Al-Shafa), 12.x.2010, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 12 (GR2), 12 (GR3), 8.iv.2014, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 23 (SH6), 1¢ (SH7), 21.iv.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 63 (GR1), 24.iv.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. IKSMA]; 83 (SH2), 2¢ (SH5), 2¢ (SH6), 63 (SH7), 3.vi.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 184 (GR1), 124 (GR2), 34 (GR3), 8.vi.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 4¢ (GR1), 1¢ (GR2), 14 (GR6), 26.viii.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 23 (GR1), 1d (GR3), 20.x.2014, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; Be (OWA) 30:22014.-D leg. Al-Harbi M. & Ra- sool I. [KSMA]; 12. (SH7), 26.i.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (SH2), 27.i.2015, LT; leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 29 (SH3), 19 (SH8), 2.iii.2015, PT, leg. 392 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) A Figure 20. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana \nvrea (Female) A antenna (only part of scape) B, C mesosoma, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 393 a 4 Figure 21. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Female) A, B mid and hind tibiae and basitarsomeres, re- spectively (apices of mid and hind tibiae indicated) C, D metasoma, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 394 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Figure 22. Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea (Female) A T4—T6, dorsal view B T6 (after removing setae surrounding pygidial area). Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula fee) ElTorkey et al. [IKSMA]; 12 (SH8), 3.v.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (SH3), 44 (SH5), 5.v.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1& (GR2), 7:9:2015; LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 54, (WY2), 22.v.2015, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (Al-Soudah), 23.v.2015, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 33 (SH2), 2¢ (SH5), 15 (SH6), 1d (SH7), 23 (SH8), 27.vii.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 54 & 192 (GR1), 14 (GR2), 4d & 19 (GR3), 104 (GR4), 14 (GR5), 31.vii.2015, LT for males PT for females, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [IKSMA]; 13 (SH3), 13 (SH6), 1d (SH7), 1d (SH8), 2.ix.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 23 (GR1), 1¢ (GR2), 1d (GR3), 14 (GR4), 5.ix.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. IKSMA]; 53 (SH1), 3¢ (SH2), 43 (SH5), 13 (SH8), 14.xi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1G OV NIL 15881, 2015.0 leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (GR1), 34 (GR2), 14 (GR4), 18.xi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (Wadi Mashwas), 20.xi.2015, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 33 (WM1), 16.iv.2016, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 14 (WBD), 19.x.2016, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 135 & 19 (WM2), 11.iv.2019, LT for ¢ and HP for 9, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 1¢ (Wk), 12.iv.2019, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]. Remarks. Prior to the present study, P mascatiana was known only from males and restricted in its distribution to the Afrotropical region in Somalia and Yemen (Lelej and van Harten 2006). Here this species is recorded from Saudi Arabia with discovery of the opposite sex (female) for the first time. The sex association is based on the overlap- ping distribution areas of males and females (frequently both sexes were collected from the same locality at the same time or within a short period) (Fig. 2), and the general color pattern in both sexes. On the other hand, there is another species, P aurea, com- mon to southwestern Saudi Arabia and known from both sexes; the females of these two species are similar in having T1—T5 and S2-S5 with apical fringes of compact golden setae; however, P mascatiana differs from P aurea in the following aspects: the head and mesosoma are dark red (Fig. 18A, B) (they are dark brown with slight reddish tint in P aurea (Fig. 6A, B)); the frons and vertex with smooth (not tuberculate) ridges between the foveae (Fig. 19A, B) (with coarsely tuberculate ridges between the foveae in P aurea (Fig. 7A, B); the anterior ocellus is absent, only a pair of poorly developed posterior ocelli being present (Fig. 19A, B) (three well developed ocelli are present in P. aurea (Fig. 7A, B)); the mesosomal dorsum is clothed with golden setae, regularly punctate, with smooth (not tuberculate) ridges between the punctures (Fig. 20B, C) (in P aurea the mesosomal dorsum clothed with pale (yellowish-white) setae, coarsely foveate, with ridges between foveae tuberculate (Figs 7D; 8A)); the pronotal dorsal face gently declivitous antero-medially, with a convex anterior border (Fig. 20B) (sharply declivitous antero-medially, with a straight anterior border in P aurea (Fig. 7D)); the propodeal dorsal face is subparallel at its sides, gently declivitous (rounded) posteriorly, and 0.70-0.77 x as long as its maximal width (Fig. 20B, C) (in P aurea the propodeal dorsal face is strongly expanded at the sides, sharply declivitous (truncate) posteriorly, and 0.50—0.55 x as long as its maximal width (Figs 7D; 8A)); meso- and metapleura are mostly smooth (Fig. 20C) (sparsely punctate in P aurea (Fig. 8A)); the mid and hind tibiae lack prolongation at their apices, hind tibia with a groove extending along inner face (Fig. 21A, B) (the mid and hind tibiae with strong prolongation at their apices, hind tibia without such groove on inner face in P aurea (Fig. 8B, C)); T6 with a 396 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) bell-shaped, finely wrinkled pygidial area (Fig. 22B) (T6 with an oval-shaped pygidial area that is minutely rugose on the disc and obliquely striate laterally (Fig. 9A, B)). Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. Sana'a, Dhamar, Amran, Ta’izz, and Al- Hudaydah (Yemen) (Lelej and van Harten 2006); Asir, Al-Baha, and Makkah regions (southwestern Saudi Arabia) (Fig. 2). Global distribution. Somalia, Yemen (Gadallah et al. 2020); Saudi Arabia (new record). Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff, 1920 Figures 23-28; 34C, D Pseudophotopsis kokpetica subsp. maura Bischoff, 1920: 98, (3), “Gabes” (Tunisia). Ephutomma continua subsp. aegyptiaca Bischoff, 1920: 151, (Q), (Egypt). New syn- onymy. Diagnosis. Male (Figs 23-25; 34C, D). Body length 11-16.5 mm. Metasomal seg- ments darkened, at most 7 segment yellowish-brown to red (Fig. 23A, B); antenna brown (Fig. 24B); fore wing hyaline, frequently with brownish tint around first cubital vein (Cul) (Fig. 24D); POD 2.15—2.6 x OOD (Fig. 23D); head convergent behind eyes (Fig. 23D); distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandib- ular ridge slightly longer than mandibular height at base (1.1-1.15 x) (Fig. 24A); F1 as long as F2 (Fig. 24B); metanotal horns well developed, parallel to slightly diverging dis- tally, distinctly longer than wide (about 1.5 x) (Fig. 24C); T1 as long as maximal width or slightly shorter (Fig. 25A); lateral felt line on T2 nearly as long as distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin; $2 with small median basal tubercle (Fig. 25B); cuspis of volsella narrow apically, digitate, not reaching apex of paramere (Fig. 34D); parapenial lobe slightly oblique inward, with rounded apex (Fig. 34C); genital ventral lobe short, robust, oblique inward, with outer margin straight (Fig. 34D). Female (Figs 26-28). Body length 13-18 mm. Head and mesosoma (includ- ing legs) dark red (Figs 26A, B; 27A, B, D); metasoma black, T6 with reddish tint (Figs 26A, B; 28A—D)); flagellomeres bright red to orange, F9—-F10 lighter (Fig. 27C). Propodeal disc, T2 and T3 with erect dark brown setae (Figs 27E; 28D); T1—-T'5 and S2-S5 with apical fringes of a belt of compact white setae (Fig. 28A—D). Distance between apex of mandibular lower tooth and upper mandibular ridge nearly as long as mandibular height at base; S2 with large median basal tubercle (Fig. 28D). Material examined (22 males, 8 females) from Saudi Arabia. 1 3 (JA), 28.v.1987, leg. M. D. Gallagher [NMB]; 19 (IR2), 16.vi.2007, PT, leg. Al-Dryhim et al. [KSMA]; 12 (IRI), 5.xi.2007, PT, leg. Al-Dryhim et al. [KSMA]; 12 (Baljurashi), 17.v.2010, SW, leg. Al-Dhafer H. & El-Torkey A. [IKSMA]; 19 (DS), 20.vi.2010, PT, Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (KH1), 13.iv.2011, LT, leg. Al-Drahim et al. [KSMA]; 13 (KH2), 7.vi.2011, LT, leg. Al-Drahim et al. [KSMA]; 1Oe(REL), 214i 01156 LG leg. Al- Drahim et al. [IKSMA]; 24 (RK1), 27.v.2012, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1¢ Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 397 Figure 23. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Male) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively C, D head, frontal and dorsal views, respectively. 398 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Imm Figure 24. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Male) A head, lateral view B antenna C mesosoma, dorsal view D right fore wing. eee Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula fh ‘a A\, \ | I ‘ /y Nea ENOL K\ " ny 4 \ dorsal view B 1° and 2" metasomal segments latero-ventral view (median basal tubercle on S2 indicated). Figure 25. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Male) A metasoma, 400 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Figure 26. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Female) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 401 Figure 27. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Female) A head, frontal view B head and antennal scape, dorsal view C antenna D mesosoma, dorsal view E head and mesosoma, lateral view. 402 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) (RK2), 27.v.2012, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 14 (RF3), 10.iv.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [IKSMA]; 23) (RS1), 20.v.2015, LT, leg. Abdel-Dayem M. [KSMA]; 13 (RS2), 20.v.2015, LT, leg. Abdel-Dayem M. [KSMA]; 13 (RH2), 26.viii.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [IKSMA]; 12 (WH1), 12.x.2015, PT, leg. Abdel-Dayem M. [KSMA]; 12 (WH2), 12.x.2015, PT, leg. Abdel-Dayem M. [KSMA]; 192 (RH1), 26.x.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. IKSMA]; 12 (RH2), 26.x.2015, PT, leg. Al-Dhaf- er et al. [KSMA]; 3 (RH4), 27.x.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 33 (RE2), 15.x.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (RF1), 15.x.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 13 (SH6), 15.xi.2015, LT, leg. Al-Dhafer et al. [KSMA]; 1¢ (WRI), 18.xi.2015, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13 (WD), 9.v.2018, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]; 13) (WBR), 8.vi.2018, LT, leg. AMS [KSMA]. Material examined (6 males, 18 females) from Egypt. 12, Zeitoun (Cairo), 31.x51909, leg: Ferrnt [ESEC]; 32, Pyramids (Giza); 3.viii.1913.[PPDD]; 19.. El- Alag (Qalyubiya), 22.viii.1913 [PPDD]; 22, Ain Shams (Cairo), 12.x.1914 [PPDD]; 12, Ein Romani (North Sinai), 5.xii.1916 [PPDD]; 14, Wadi Digla (Cairo), 29- 31.v.1924, LT [PPDD]; 16, Wadi Gharaba (South Sinai), 30.iv.1925, LT [PPDD]; 29, Borqash (Giza), 8.vii.1925 [PPDD]; 19, Helwan, 12.viii.1926 [PPDD]; 29, Kafr Hakim (Giza), 24.xi.1926 [PPDD]; 29, Salloum (Matruh), 11.viii.1928 [PPDD]; 192 Wadi Um Elek (Helwan), 17.xi.1934, leg. Farag [PPDD]; 13, Gabal Elba (Red Sea), 16.i.1933, LT [PPDD]; 19; 100 Km Cairo-Suez road (Suez), Dec. 1937 [ESEC]; 203, Wadi Arbaein (South Sinai), March 1990 [AMS collection]; 12, Wadi Isla (South Sinai), March 1990 [AMS collection]; 14, Al-Manayif (Ismailiyah), 17.viii.2007, LT [AMS collection]. Remarks. P aegyptiaca which is known from females only, has a very similar local (Fig. 1) and global distribution as P maura, which is known from males only. For the current study, seven P aegyptiaca specimens were collected from the Riyadh region (central Saudi Arabia), and a single specimen from Baljurashi (Al-Baha). The same is true for P maura, except for two specimens collected from Shada Al-Ala Natural Reserve (Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia) and Jabal Akhadar (Oman), the remaining 20 specimens were collected from the Riyadh region (sometimes from the same sites and within a short period of time when females P aegyptiaca were collected as in the site RH2). In terms of global distribution, both species are distributed in North Africa and Israel, while P maura has recently been recorded in Yemen (Lelej and van Harten 2006), and both species are now recorded in Saudi Arabia (in addition to Oman for P. maura). In terms of morphological characteristics (color pattern and body shape), both species have the head and mesosoma dark red and the metasoma blackish-brown to black, and a robust body. Based on these findings, P aegyptiaca (Bischoff) (female) and P maura Bischoff (male) are conspecific, and should be synonymized. Since both available names were published simultaneously, and both as subspecies (although of different species in different genera), the choice of the name to be considered valid rests with the “first reviser”. I hereby synonymize Ephutomma continua subsp. ae- gyptiaca Bischoff, 1920 with Pseudophotopsis kokpetica subsp. maura Bischoff, 1920 for the following reason: maura was originally described in Pseudophotopsis, whereas aegyptiaca was not. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 403 y [ —_ we 2 fy aS YP mm we WON Figure 28. Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff (Female) AT1 and T2, dorsal view B T3—T6, dorsal view C T6 (showing pygidial area) D metasoma, lateral view (median basal tubercle on S2 indicated). Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula. Abyan, Sanaa, and Socotra provinces (Yemen) (Lelej and van Harten 2006; Lo Cascio et al. 2012); Ad-Dakhiliyah province (Oman) (new record); Al-Baha, Jazan & Riyadh regions (southwestern and central Saudi Arabia) (new record) (Fig. 1). 404 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Global distribution. Algeria, Chad, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (includ- ing Socotra Island) (Lelej 2002; Pagliano et al. 2020; Gadallah et al. 2020); Egypt (Bischoff 1920 as Ephutomma continua aegyptiaca; Lelej 2002 & Pagliano et al. 2020 as Pseudophotopsis aegyptiaca), Oman (new record); Saudi Arabia (new record). Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/2842A65 1-5EC8-4C5D-B392-9F64A335EEBF Figures 29-32; 35A, B Type materials. Holotype 3, Kincpom OF Saup1 Arabia, Rawdet Al-Harmalyiah (Al- Quway'iyah, Riyadh region) [24°18'35"N, 45°10'02"E, alt. 774 mJ, 17.iv.2015, LT, leg. Abdel-Dayem M. [KSMA]; Paratype: 1¢, same data as holotype [KSMA]. Diagnosis. Male. Distance between posterior ocellus and posterior head mar- gin about 2.3 x longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter (Fig. 29D); distance between apex of lower mandibular tooth and upper mandibular ridge longer than mandibular height at the base (1.15 x) (Fig. 30A); metanotal horns well developed, divergent pos- teriorly, about 1.6 x as long as wide (Fig. 30C); F1 about 2.15 x as long as its maximal width, shorter than F2 (about 0.9x) (Fig. 30B); T1—T3 apically with fringes of rather sparse white setae (Fig. 31C); lateral felt line on T2 about 0.75x as long as distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin (Fig. 32B); S2 with median basal very small tubercle (Fig. 32B); genitalia with cuspis of volsella wide apically (not digitate) (Fig. 35B); parapenial and ventral lobes directly posteriorly directed, the former sub- triangular, with apex narrowly rounded and extended beyond apex of penis valve, the latter digitate, with apex tapering and inner edge distinctly serrate (Fig. 35A, B). Description of male holotype. Body length 11 mm. Color (Figs 29C, D; 30B—D; 31A-C; 32C). Head including mandible blackish-brown; mesosoma, first and second metasomal segments and basal two-thirds of third segment dark reddish-brown; re- mainder of metasomal segments brownish-yellow; antenna brown (scape, pedicel and F9-11 lighter); palps and tegula testaceous; legs brown (femora and hind tibia darker). Fore wing hyaline on about basal two-thirds, infumate (brown-stained) apically, with yellowish veins (Sc+R and pterostigma brown). Setation (Figs 29C, D; 30C, D; 31A, C; 32C). Body, including legs and basal third of mandible clothed with long erect white setae mixed with suberect to recum- bent white setae on metasomal segments 3—7; T1—T3 and S2—S3 with apical fringes of sparse (not compact) white setae. Fore wing sparsely setose on basal half, densely setose apically. Head (Figs 29C, D; 30A, B, D). Setiferous punctate-subreticulate to reticulate; head height 0.92 x maximal width; POD 2.0 x OOD; distance between posterior ocellus and posterior head margin 2.3 x longitudinal posterior ocellus diameter; ver- tex posteriorly broadly emarginate; clypeus with well developed longitudinal median lamellate carina, free margin with a pair of acute small tubercles; mandibles deeply excised beneath, with large tooth subbasally, distance between apex of tooth and upper mandibular ridge about 1.15 x as long as mandibular height at base, with two teeth Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 405 Figure 29. Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov. (Male) A, B habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively C head, frontal view D head and antennal scape, dorsal view. 406 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) lmm Figure 30. Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov. (Male) A head, fronto-lateral view B antenna C mesosoma, dorsal view D head and mesosoma, lateral view. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 407 Figure 31. Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov. (Male) A mesosoma, ventral view B right fore wing C meta- soma, dorsal view. 408 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) B Figure 32. Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov. (Male) A T4—1T7, dorsal view B 2°! metasomal segment (ventro-lateral view) © metasoma, ventral view. subapically, preapical one extremely small; pedicel 1.3 x as long as wide, 0.65 x as long as F1; Fl 1.8x as long as wide, 0.87x as long as F2 and F3. Mesosoma (Figs 30C, D; 31A). In dorsal view about 1.85x as long (excluding prono- tal flange) as its maximal width; pronotal dorsal face setiferous foveate-reticulate except for smooth and polished posterior margin, with humeral angles gently rounded, and lateral face largely foveate; mesoscutal median area densely punctate, lateral areas rather sparse- ly punctate; notauli complete and parallel; scutellum with smooth longitudinal median strip, densely setiferous foveolate laterally; metanotal horns well developed, subparallel, horn about 1.6x as long as wide; propodeum setiferous areolate, strongly sloping posteri- orly; mesopleuron foveate-reticulate except for smooth posterior margin of mesepimeron. Fore wing (Fig. 31B). Cell 2R1 1.85x as long as pterostigma, with truncate apex; anterior side of 2R1 1.4 x as long as pterostigma; first discal cell (1M) slightly shorter than 2R1 (0.93x); vein 1M straight. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 409 A B 250um 250um 250um Figure 33. Male genitalia A, B Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug), dorsal and ventral views, respectively C, D P. dhofarensis sp. nov., dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Metasoma (Figs 31C; 32A—C). T1 1.2 x as long as its maximal width, setifer- ous foveate reticulate, sublaterally with strong ridge extending along anterior third or slightly more of its length; T2 0.9 x as long as its maximal width, densely set- iferous punctate laterally and basally, sparsely setiferous punctate on disc and api- cally, with polished interspaces between punctures, apico-medially slightly swollen; length of lateral felt line on T2 less than distance between felt line and posterior tergal margin (0.75 x); T3—T6 as well as S2—S7 setiferous punctulate, S2 with large 410 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) 250um 250um Figure 34. Male genitalia A, B Pseudophotopsis mascatiana Invrea, dorsal and ventral views, respectively C, D P maura Bischoff, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. foveae mixed with fine punctures; T’7 largely foveate on basal half, impunctate api- cally; S2 with small median basal tubercle; S8 (hypopygium) with median apical small tubercle. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 411 B Figure 35. Male genitalia A, B Pseudophotopsis subaurea sp. nov., dorsal and ventral views, respectively C, D P. binghami Bischoff, dorsal and ventral views, respectively (modified from Lelej (1985)). Genitalia (Fig. 35A, B). Cuspis of volsella rather wide subapically (not digitate), ending a short distance before apex of paramere; parapenial lobe subtriangular, directly posteriorly directed, with narrowly rounded apex; ventral lobe directly posteriorly di- rected, digitate, with apex tapering and inner edge distinctly serrate. Female. Unknown. 412 Ahmed Mostafa Soliman / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 361-415 (2021) Recognition. The new species, P subaurea resembles the Afrotropical P aurea (Klug) in having brownish-yellow posterior metasomal segments. However, it differs from P aurea in the following: head blackish-brown, tegula testaceous (Figs 29B—D; 30C, D) (head and tegula dark red in P aurea (Figs 3C, D; 4A, C)); metasoma wholly clothed with sparse white setae, T2—T3 and S2—S3 with apical fringes of short sparse white setae (Figs 31C; 32A—C) (first metasomal segment and S2 with white setae, re- maining metasoma densely clothed with golden setae, T2—T6 and S2-S6 with apical fringe of long dense golden setae in P aurea (Figs 5B, C; 10B, C)); fore wing slightly infumate on distal half, with yellowish veins (except brown Sc+R) (Fig. 31B) (deeply infumate wholly in most specimens of P aurea, with all veins dark brown (Fig. 5A)); metanotum with parallel to subparallel horns (Fig. 30C) (horns distinctly diverg- ing in P aurea (Fig. 4C)); cuspis of volsella rather wide apically (Fig. 35B) (narrow in P aurea (Fig. 33B)); parapenial lobe subtriangular, with narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 35A) (subrounded, with broadly rounded apex in P aurea (Fig. 33A)); genital ventral lobe tapering apically (Fig. 35B) (rounded apically in P aurea (Fig. 33B)). Etymology. The name subaurea refers to the similarity between this species and P. aurea (Klug). Distribution in Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia (Riyadh region) (Fig. 2). Acknowledgements Sincere gratitude to Neveen S. Gadallah (Cairo University, Egypt), Denis J. Brothers (University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa), and Arkady S. Lelej (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) for their valuable suggestions and critical re- view of the manuscript, which led to its improvement. I’d like to express my sincere thanks to Isabelle Ziircher and Seraina Klopfstein (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland) for the loan of some specimens, to Roberto Poggi (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria’, Genova, Italy), Daniele Baiocchi and Marcello Romano (Italy) for providing the photos of the “type” of P kassalina f. semiaurata Bischoff. 1am grateful to Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem (KSMA) to help in mapping. My appreciation to Hathal M. Al Dhafer (The head of KSMA) and other members of the museum and to Usama M. Abu El-Ghiet (Jazan University, Saudi Arabia) who helped in collect the specimens. Special thanks to RSSU at King Saud University for their technical support. [he author extends his sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Re- search at King Saud University for supporting the work through College of Food and Agriculture Sciences Research Center. References Aldhebiani AY, Howladar SM (2013) Floristic diversity and environmental relations in two valleys, South West Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Science and Research 4(2): 1916-1925. Pseudophotopsis of Arabian Peninsula 413 André E (1896) Notes pour server a la connaissance de mutilles paléarctiques et description de quelques espéces nouvelles. Deuxiéme partie. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 9: 261-277. André E (1899-1902) Species des hyménopteéres d’Europe & d’Algérie. 8. 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