JHR 82: I 87-— I 97 (202 I ) yaa JOURNAL OF A peer-reviewed open-access Journal
doi: 10.3897/jhr.82.64742 RESEARCH ARTICLE () Hymenopter a

The International Society of Hymenopterists RESEARCH

https://jhr.pensoft.net

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht
(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae)
with a key to Eastern Palaearctic species

Shu-Ping Sun', Tao Li', Shi-Xiang Zong’, Mao-Ling Sheng!

I General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management, National Forestry and Grassland Administration,
58 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Pest Control, Beijing
Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Corresponding authors: Shi-Xiang Zong (Zongsx@126.com); Mao-Ling Sheng (shengmaoling@163.com)

Academic editor: Gavin Broad | Received 21 February 2021 | Accepted 22 April 2021 | Published 29 April 2021
Attp://zoobank. org/98A74B8E-F 1 DB-46E2-89F9-F421 5DE9482A

Citation: Sun S-P, Li T, Zong S-X, Sheng M-L (2021) Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with a key to Eastern Palaearctic species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82:

187-197. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64742

Abstract
Two species of genus Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913, A. externus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. and A. sen-
ticosus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov., collected from the Natural Reserve, Huairou, Beijing, are described and

illustrated. A key to the Eastern Palaearctic species of Anisotacrus is provided.

Keywords

China, Euryproctini, taxonomy

Introduction

Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913, a small genus of the tribe Euryproctini in the sub-
family Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), comprises nine species (Yu
et al. 2016), of which six are from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (two of them also oc-
cur in the Western Palaearctic Region) (Kasparyan and Khalaim 2007; Yu et al. 2016;
Kasparyan 2019), two from the Western Palaearctic Region (Meyer 1936; Bauer 1958;

Copyright Shu-Ping Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY
4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

188 Shu-Ping Sun et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 187-197 (2021)

Kazmierczak 2004; Kasparyan and Khalaim 2007; Broad 2016), and three from the
Nearctic Region (Carlson 1979; Yu et al. 2016).

Five species from Russia (Kasparyan 2019), and a key to the known species from the
Eastern Palaearctic Region, were reported by Kasparyan and Khalaim (2007). Anisotacrus
iyoensis (Uchida, 1953), described from two male specimens, is very similar to A. xan-
thostigma (Gravenhorst, 1829), and may be conspecific (Kasparyan and Khalaim 2007).

The most reliable-looking host records for Anisotacrus are from grass-feeding saw-
flies of the genus Dolerus (Hinz 1961).

In this paper two species of Anisotacrus from China with a key to known species
from the Eastern Palaearctic region are reported.

Materials and methods

Specimens were collected by interception traps (IT) (Li et al. 2012) in the Natural
Reserve, Huairou, Beijing, China.

Morphological terminology is mostly based on Broad et al. (2018). Images were
taken using a Leica M205A stereo microscope with LAS Montage MultiFocus. Type
specimens are deposited in General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management

(GSFGPM), National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China.

Taxonomy

Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913
Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913: 2710. Type-species: Mesoleius tenellus Holmgren, 1857.

Diagnosis. (After Townes 1970; Kasparyan and Khalaim 2007). Clypeus wide 3.0—
3.3 x as wide as long, apical margin blunt, almost truncate or slightly arcuate. Upper
tooth of mandible as long as or slightly shorter than lower tooth. Antenna with at
least 32 flagellomeres. Dorsal end of epicnemial carina usually reaching front margin
of mesopleuron. Areolet present. Hind wing vein 1-cu longer than cu-a. Hind tarsus
with 5 segment not unusually long and curved (in contrast to Hadrodactylus Forster).
Anterior transverse carina of propodeum absent. First tergite 1.7—3.0 x as long as apical
width, slender, straight, latero-median carina absent.

Key to Eastern Palaearctic species of Anisotacrus (modified from the key in
Kasparyan and Khalaim (2007))

1 First tergite and hind coxa red. Face predominantly yellow... eee
Este es Ba Rd ao Me SoReal at oes aes Sane; Means A. kurilensis Kasparyan, 2007
— First tergite and hind coxa black. Face black or ivory wo... eile eee eeeeeseeeeeeee 2

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht 189

2 Face black. Tergites, hind leg except trochantellus, black. First tergite 1.7 x as
lone av Posterior Widths 2esee wists tained ctasaceaes A. konishii Kasparyan, 2007
— Face entirely or at least laterally white or yellow. Tergites and hind leg at least
partly reddish brown or yellow. First tergite at least 2.0 x as long as posterior
Sg ke 10 OUR Rr nea Rett a ree Aan hae tA Sle einen Aah oA i Ame Boe Aoi aah 3
3 Face black, laterally yellow. Mesosoma black. Tergites 2-4 (5) red or with
reddish brown spots. Areolet receiving vein 2m-cu basal of its lower posterior
CSIs ee arctan ca ee ed ont ct se Sete ae 4
- Face white. Propleuron and spot on upper portion of epicnemium whitish
yellow. Second and subsequent tergites reddish brown, if posterior tergites
black, then vein 2m-cu slightly distal of areolet (Figs 1, 8)... eeeeeeeeeeeeee 6
- Frons with wrinkles. Hind wing vein 1-cu approximately as long as cu-a.
Tergitrs 2 and 3 with wrinkles.............. A, bipunctatus (Gravenhost, 1829)
- Frons shagreened, or with fine punctures. Hind wing vein 1-cu distinctly
longer than cu-a. Tergites 2 and 3 shagreened, or with fine punctures......... 5
5 First tergite 2.7 x as long as posterior width. Mesoscutum, fore and mid
coxae, trochanters and femur entirely black. Basal half of hind tibia brownish
yellow. Hind tarsus black................ A, senticosus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov.
- First tergite at most 2.5 x as long as apical width. Anterolateral spot of mesos-
cutum yellow. Fore and mid coxae and trochanters black, with yellow spots.
Hind femur apically and tibia black. Hind tarsus brown... eee eects
ale shart A el on ae et 7 ce dtl A, xanthostigma (Gravenhorst, 1829)
6 Malar space 0.9 x as long as basal width of mandible. Areolet receiving vein
2m-cu basal of its lower posterior corner. Hind coxa, tergite 2 and subsequent
tergites reddish! brown): sccsc.ccteesnceceaenanle A. albinotatus Kasparyan, 2007
— Malar space 0.6 x as long as basal width of mandible. Vein 2m-cu distal of
areolet (Figs 1, 8). Hind coxa and posterior tergites black... eee
bere P ia Se Wee cx a ee rete iat teen tenes lars A, externus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov.

Anisotacrus externus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/D5C3928A-8 1 8E-493E-A423-5 D6C43BB8582
Figures 1-12

Description. Body length 6.0 mm. Fore wing length 4.6 mm. Ovipositor sheath
0.5 mm long.

Head. Inner margins of eyes (Fig. 2) almost parallel, scarcely concave near antennal
sockets. Face (Fig. 2) approximately 1.5 x as wide as long, shagreened, with yellow setae;
slightly convex medially; upper lateral between eye and antennal socket with weak lon-
gitudinal depression. Clypeus with relatively large punctures; 3.2 x as wide as long;
apical margin almost truncate. Mandible (Figs 2, 3) strong, with dense yellowish brown
setae; lower tooth distinctly longer than upper tooth. Malar space with dense yellow
setae, about 0.6 x as long as basal width of mandible. Gena (Figs 3, 4) evenly and

190 Shu-Ping Sun et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 187-197 (2021)

l 1mm
—$_——

Figures 1-5. Anisotacrus externus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. Holotype. Female I habitus, lateral view 2 head,

anterior view 3 head, lateral view 4 head, dorsal view 5 mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht eel

strongly convergent backward, shagreened. Vertex (Fig. 4) shagreened, with dense yel-
lowish brown setae; posteromedian portion distinctly concave. Postocellar line approxi-
mately 0.7 x as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons almost flat, slightly concave under
median ocellus, shagreened. Antenna with 32 flagellomeres; ratio of length from first to
fifth flagellomeres: 2.1:1.3:1.2:1.0:1.0. Occipital carina (Figs 3, 4) complete, dorsal por-
tion relatively strong, genal carina joining hypostomal carina above base of mandible.

Mesosoma. Anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 6) with dense short irregular lon-
gitudinal wrinkles; lateral concavity with dense transverse wrinkles; dorsoposterior
portion with dense fine punctures and yellowish brown setae. Epomia indistinct. Mes-
oscutum (Fig. 5) almost shiny, anterior and lateral portions with fine punctures, dis-
tance between punctures 0.5—2.0 x diameter of puncture; posteromedian portion with
dense indistinct irregular punctures. Notauli evident on anterior portion of mesoscu-
tum. Scuto-scutellar groove deep, relatively wide, shiny, with shin setae. Scutellum
distinctly convex, shiny, with fine irregular punctures. Postscutellum with fine indis-
tinct punctures, anterior portion concave. Upper half of mesopleuron (Fig. 6) shiny,
with distinct punctures, distance between punctures 1.0—2.5 x diameter of punctures;
lower half with dense yellowish white setae and indistinct punctures; beneath specu-
lum and lower posterior portions with indistinct fine wrinkles. Speculum relatively
large, smooth, shiny. Upper end of epicnemial carina almost reaching front edge of
mesopleuron, about 0.6 distance to subtegular ridge. Mesosternum (Fig. 7) with dense
punctures, distance between punctures 1.0—2.0 x diameter of punctures; median ster-
nal groove relatively deep, with transverse carinae. Metapleuron with surface structure
as lower portion of mesopleuron, evenly convex. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Hind leg
slender. Hind femur 5.2 x as long as its maximum width. Ratio of length of hind tar-
someres from first to fifth: 3.8:2.0:1.5:1.0:1.2. Claw simple. Wings slightly yellowish,
hyaline. Fore wing with vein lcu-a interstitial. Areolet small, triangular, distinctly
stalked frontally; vein 2m-cu reaching vein M slightly distal of areolet (Fig. 8). Postner-
vulus intercepted at lower 0.45. Hind wing vein 1-cu 3.0 x as long as cu-a. Propodeum
(Fig. 9) evenly convex, shiny, with irregular indistinct longitudinal wrinkles and
brownish setae; lateromedian longitudinal carinae irregular; apicomedian portion with
strong longitudinal wrinkles. Propodeal spiracle circular.

Metasoma. First tergite (Figs 10, 11) 2.3 x as long as apical width, evenly widened
posteriorly, anterior portion shiny, median portion shagreened; posterior portion
smooth, with fine punctures; without glymma; latero-median absent; dorso-lateral
carinae weakly present; ventro-lateral carinae complete; spiracle located almost at mid-
dle. Second tergite 0.75 x as long as posterior width, almost shiny, anterior median
portion shagreened. Third and subsequent tergites with dense yellowish brown setae.
Third tergite 0.9 x as long as posterior width. Ovipositor (Fig. 12) straight, with a
large, deep dorsal notch.

Coloration (Fig. 1). Black, except for following: Face, clypeus except a small dark
brown spot at the center of clypeal sulcus, mandible except teeth, malar space, maxil-
lary palpi, labial palpi, ventral profiles of scape and pedicel, upper-posterior corner of
pronotum, anterolateral portion of mesoscutum, tegula, subtegular ridge, fore and

192, Shu-Ping Sun et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 187-197 (2021)

Figures 6-12. Anisotacrus externus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. Holotype. Female 6 mesosoma, lateral view

7 mesosoma, ventral view 8 areolet 9 propodeum 10 first and second tergites, dorsal view II first and

second tergites, lateral view 12 apical portion of metasoma, lateral view.

middle coxae, trochanters, hind trochantellus yellowish white. Dorsal profiles of scape
and pedicel, basal portion of flagellum darkish brown; remainder of flagellum yellow-
ish brown. Fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsi, basal portion of hind tibia yellow

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht 193

brown. Hind tarsus brownish black. Posterior portion of second tergite, third and
fourth tergites entirely brownish red. Metasomal sternites 2 and 3 whitish yellow, with
small lateral longitudinal brown spots; sternites 4-6 almost entirely reddish brown.
Ovipositor sheath irregularly blackish brown. Pterostigma and veins brownish black.

Etymology. ‘The specific name is derived from the fore wing vein 2m-cu connect-
ing to cubitus distal of lower-posterior corner of areolet.

Material examined. Holotype: Cuina ° 9; Beijing, Huairou, Labagoumen; 9.
VII.2016; IT by Shi-Xiang Zong.

Distribution. China.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to A. albinotatus Kasparyan,
2007, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of char-
acters: malar space about 0.6 x as long as basal width of mandible; areolet triangular,
2m-cu connecting to cubitus slightly distal of areolet (Fig. 8); hind coxa and posterior
tergites of metasoma black. Anisotacrus albinotatus: malar space about 0.9 x as long as
basal width of mandible; areolet receiving vein 2m-cu basal of lower posterior corner;
hind coxa, second and subsequent tergites reddish brown.

Anisotacrus senticosus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/1F3984F1-1529-434E-A668-OABE9B216814
Figures 13-22

Description. Body length 8.7 mm. Fore wing length 6.9 mm. Ovipositor sheath 0.5 mm.

Head. \nner margins of eyes (Fig. 14) slightly concave near antennal sockets. Face
(Fig. 14) 1.2 x as wide as long, almost flat, shagreened, with dense fine indistinct punc-
tures and yellowish white setae; upper margin with median narrow smooth longitudi-
nal stripe and a small median tubercle. Clypeus approximately 3.3 x as wide as long,
shagreened, lateral portion with sparse fine punctures, apical median smooth, shiny;
apical margin slightly arcuate. Mandible with sparse punctures and dense long yellow-
ish white setae; lower tooth distinctly wider and slightly longer than upper tooth.
Malar space about 0.4 x as long as basal width of mandible. Gena (Figs 15, 16), vertex
(Fig. 16) and frons shagreened, with dense yellowish brown setae. Gena strongly con-
vergent backward. Postocellar line approximately 0.6 x as long as ocular-ocellar line.
Antenna with 38 flagellomeres; ratio of length from first to fifth flagellomeres:
2.4:1.3:1.1:1.0:1.0. Occipital carina complete, genal carina joining hypostomal carina
above base of mandible.

Mesosoma. Pronotum, mesoscutum, mesopleuron and metapleuron shagreened,
almost entirely with fine indistinct punctures. Epomia present. Mesoscutum (Fig. 17)
evenly convex, anteromedian portion almost shiny; notauli impressed in the frontal
0.3 x of mesoscutum. Scutoscutellar groove slightly smooth. Scutellum and postscutel-
lum weakly granulate. Postscutellum transversely convex, anterior portion deeply con-
cave. Mesopleuron (Fig. 18) flat. Speculum small, with sparse fine punctures. Upper
end of epicnemial carina not reaching to the front margin of mesopleuron and reach-

194 Shu-Ping Sun et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 187-197 (2021)

13

Figure 13. Avisotacrus senticosus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. Holotype. Female habitus.

ing 0.5 height of mesopleuron. Metapleuron weakly convex; juxtacoxal carina absent;
submetapleural carina complete, strong. Tibiae with sparse long thorns (Fig. 19). Hind
femur 5.6 x as long as its maximum width. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres from
first to fifth: 5.5:2.7:2.0:1.0:1.4. Claw simple. Wings slightly infuscate. Fore wing with
vein lcu-a postfurcal by 0.2 x length of lcu-a. Areolet obliquely quadrangular, dis-
tinctly stalked frontally, receiving vein 2m-cu approximately in its distal 0.7. Postner-
vulus intercepted at middle. Hind wing vein 1-cu 1.5 x as long as cu-a. Propodeum
evenly convex, with dense yellowish white setae; anterior portions of lateromedian
longitudinal carinae and posterior portions of lateral longitudinal carinae present. Pro-
podeal spiracle circular, convex.

Metasoma. First tergite (Fig. 20) approximately 2.7 x as long as posterior width,
straight, shagreened, apical half with sparse fine indistinct punctures; latero-median
and dorso-lateral carinae absent; ventro-lateral carinae complete; spiracle small, circu-
lar, distinctly convex, located at 0.5 of first tergite. Second and third tergites (Fig. 21)
shagreened. Second tergite approximately as long as apical width, anteromedian por-
tion with weak indistinct transverse wrinkles; thyridium transverse, distance to basal
margin of second tergite about as its length. Third tergite (Fig. 21) parallel laterally,
0.85 x as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 22) 5.5 x as long as maximum width,
0.2 x as long as hind tibia, upper and lower margins almost parallel.

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht 195

Figures | 4-22. Anisotacrus senticosus Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. Holotype. Female 14 head, anterior view
| Shead, lateral view 16 head, dorsal view 17 mesoscutum, dorsal view 18 mesosoma, lateral view 19 hind
tibia, lateral view 20 first tergite, dorsal view 21 second and third tergites, dorsal view 22 apical portion

of metasoma, lateral view.

196 Shu-Ping Sun et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 187-197 (2021)

Coloration (Fig. 13). Black, except for following: Lateral side of face widely and
irregularly, labrum, mandible except teeth and dorso-posterior corners of pronotum
yellowish white. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown. Fore and middle tibiae and
tarsomeres 1—4 brownish yellow. Basal half of hind tibia except basal end and tibial
spurs reddish brown. Posterior portion of tergite 2, tergite 3 entirely and 4 except pos-
terior margin brownish red. Pterostigma brownish black. Veins blackish brown.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the tibia with thorns.

Material examined. Holotype: Cuina * 9; Beijing, Huairou, Labagoumen; 15.
VIII.2016; IT by Shi-Xiang Zong.

Distribution. China.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to A. xanthostigma (Graven-
horst, 1829), but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of
characters: areolet distinctly quadrilateral; first tergite evenly convex, without longitu-
dinal groove; second tergite as long as apical width; third tergite distinctly shorter than
its width; mesoscutum, tegulae, all coxae and trochanters black. Anisotacrus xanthostig-
ma: areolet triangular; first tergite with longitudinal groove; second tergite longer than
apical width; third tergite as long as apical width; anterolateral portion of mesoscutum
with yellow spots; tegulae yellow; fore coxae and parts of trochanters yellow.

Discussion

The male of Anisotacrus xanthostigma displays some distinct variation (Kasparyan
and Khalaim 2007), including a wide range of coloration. The original description
of A. iyoensis (Uchida, 1953) was based on two male specimens, and is very similar to
A. xanthostigma (Gravenhorst, 1829). Both species may be conspecific (Kasparyan and
Khalaim 2007). For a decision, the type of A. iyoensis and more East Palaearctic mate-
rial have to be studied in the future.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful to Drs Gavin Broad (The Department of Life Sciences,
the Natural History Museum, London, UK), Matthias Riedel (Zoologische Staatssa-
mmlung Miinchen, Munich, Germany) and Andrei E Humala (Forest Research Insti-
tute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia) for
reviewing this manuscript. The authors are also indebted to Drs Dmitri Kasparyan and
Andrey I. Khalaim (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg,
Russia) for presenting valuable material. This research was supported by National Key
Research & Development Program of China “Research on key technologies for preven-
tion and control of major disasters in plantation” (2018YFD0600200), the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31110103062, No. 31501887) and
by key project of Science-technology basic condition platform from The Ministry of Sci-
ence and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402).

Two new species of Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht 197

References

Bauer R (1958) Ichneumoniden aus Franken (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Beitrage zur
Entomologie 8: 438-477.

Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera — Ichneumonidae. Biodiversity
Data Journal 4: e9042. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9042

Broad GR, Shaw MR, Fitton MG (2018) Ichneumonid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumoni-
dae): their Classification and Biology. Royal Entomological Society and the Field Studies
Council, Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7(12): 1-418.

Carlson RW (1979) Family Ichneumonidae. Stephanidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PD,
Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) “Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico.”
Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, 315-741.

Hinz R (1961) Uber Blattwespenparasiten (Hym. und Dipt.). Mitteilungen der Schweizer-
ischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 34: 1-29.

Holmgren AE (1857) Forsok till uppstallning och beskrifning af de i sverige funna Tryphonider
(Monographia Tryphonidum Sueciae). Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlin-
gar N.E1 (1)(1855): 93-246.

Kasparyan DR (2019) Subfamily Ctenopelmatinae. In: Belokobylskij SA, Samartsev KG,
IPinskaya AS (Eds) Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia (Vol. IT). Apocrita:
Parasitica. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences. Supple-
ment 8. Zoological Institute RAS, St Petersburg, 361-378. [In Russian]

Kasparyan DR, Khalaim AI (2007) Ctenopelmatinae (Scolobatinae). In: Lelej AS (Ed.) ‘Key to
the insects of Russia Far East (Vol. IV). Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 5.’
Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 474-559. [In Russian]

Kazmierczak T (2004) Checklist of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of Poland. Electronic Journal
of Polish Agricultural Universities 7(2): 1-63.

Meyer NF (1936) Parasitic Hymenoptera in the family Ichneumonidae of the USSR and adja-
cent countries. Part 5. Tryphoninae. Opredeliteli Faune SSSR 21(5): 1-340. [in Russian]

Schmiedeknecht O (1913) Opuscula Ichneumonologica 5(33-35): 2563-2802.

Townes HK (1970) ‘The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 3. Memoirs of the American Entomo-
logical Institute 13(1969): 1-307.

Uchida T (1953) Die Ichneumoniden (Hymenoptera). Die Insektenfauna aus dem Berg Ishi-
zuchi und dem Tal Omogo. Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 3: 126-134.

Yu DS, van Achterberg C, Horstmann K (2016) Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database

on flash-drive, Nepean, Ontario.