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JHR 74: 51-64 (2019) JOURNAL OF *0eerevowed opevaccetsjoural
Are ee (4G) Hymenoptera

http://jhr.pensoft.net The Inerational Society of Hymenoptersts. RESEARCH

Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of
the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma) (Hymenoptera,
Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam,
with description of a new species

Lien Thi Phuong Neuyen'”, James M. Carpenter?

I Insect Ecology Department, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2. Graduate school of Science
and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau
Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park
West at 79” Street, New York, NY 10024, USA

Corresponding author: Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen (phuonglientit@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 30 October 2019 | Accepted 1 December 2019 | Published 30 December 2019
http.//zoobank. ore/F4F7EFFB-ODB5-4878-80E6-0A832471E3F7

Citation: Nguyen LTP, Carpenter JM (2019) Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma)
(Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam, with description of a new species. Journal of Hymenoptera

Research 74: 51-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795

Abstract
Taxonomy of the paper wasps of the subgenus Gyvostoma of the polistine genus Polistes from Vietnam is
treated, with a key to all the five species occurring in Vietnam, including one described herein as new to

science under the name Polistes longus sp. nov. Nests of P gigas and P. longus sp. nov. are also described.

Keywords

Polistes, Gyrostoma, distribution record, key, nest description, new species

Introduction

The paper wasp genus Polistes, with more than 200 species worldwide, is divided into
four subgenera (Carpenter 1996a). The subgenera Gyrostoma Kirby 1828, Polistella
Ashmead 1904, and Polistes Latreille 1802 are distributed in the Old World (including

Copyright L.T. P Nguyen, J. M. Carpenter. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

52 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

Australasia), and a few species of the subgenera Gyrostoma and Polistes s. str. have been
accidentally introduced into the New World; the subgenus Ap/anilopterus Meunier
1888 is distributed exclusively in the New World. Of the three Old World subgenera,
Gyrostoma presently has 22 species, of which four have been recorded from Vietnam:
P. gigas Kirby, 1826, P olivaceus (DeGeer, 1773), P rothneyi Cameron (1900) and P
tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 (Nguyen and Kojima 2013).

In this paper, based on specimens deposited in the Institute of Ecology and Biolog-
ical Resources (IEBR), a taxonomic study on the subgenus Gyrostoma from Vietnam is
presented: a species is described as new to science together with its nest, and the nest
of another species is also described.

Methods

All material including the holotype of the new species is deposited in the Institute of
Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Hanoi, Vietnam. The adult morphological
and color characters were observed using pinned and dried specimens under a stereo-
scopic microscope. Measurements of body parts were made with an ocular micrometer
attached to the microscope. “Body length” indicates the length of head, mesosoma and
the first two metasomal segments combined. ‘The parts measured for the morphomet-
ric characters referred to in the descriptions are defined as in Nguyen et al. (2011).
Photographic images were made with Nikon SMZ 800N Digital Stereo Microscope,
using Helicon Focus 7 software; the plates were edited with Photoshop CS6.

In the descriptions of adult morphology, the following abbreviations are used: ‘The
abbreviations E, S and T refer to numbered flagellomeres, metasomal sterna and metaso-
mal terga, respectively; POD, distance between the inner margins of the posterior ocelli;
OOD, distance between the outer margin of the posterior ocellus and the inner margin
of the eye at vertex; Od, transverse diameter of a posterior ocellus; IED-c and [SD-c refer
to collectors of the Insect Ecology Department and Insect Systematic Department, IEBR.

Taxonomic accounts
Subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby

(1) Polistes gigas (Kirby)
Figs 1-3, 19, 20

Cyclostoma gigas Kirby, 1826, 1, 3: 36.
Polistes gigas: Sonan, 1943, 33: 469.

Notes. ‘This is the biggest species among polistine wasps, with female body length
being about 25-30 mm, and male body length even bigger, about 32-35 mm. Its
distribution is restricted to one area in the northeastern part of India (Sikkim),

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 53

southern China including Hong Kong, and Taiwan (Das and Gupta 1989; Tan et
al. 2014). In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from many localities in the
northern part of the country (Nguyen et al. 2005). In this study, some new localities
in the northern part are added to the distribution range of the species, and a record
of one locality in the southern part is also added.

Material examined. VieTNAM. Cao Bang [2 9, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
22°34'14.2"N, 105°52'51.7"E, 9 Aug. 2012, J Kojima, H Nugroho & IED-c leg.;
2 9, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, 23°32'29"N, 105°52'52.7"E, 8 Aug. 2012, J Ko-
jima, H Nugroho & IED-c leg; 1 2, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, 23°32'37"N,
105°52'10.4"E, 7 Aug. 2012, J Kojima, H Nugroho & IED-c leg.; 6 9, Nguyen Binh,
Tam Kim, Na Va, 22°36'17"N, 106°01'47"E, alt. 320m, 18 Oct. 2015, LPT Nguyen,
DD Nguyen, MP Nguyen leg.; 1 2, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, Phia Oac, 11 Aug.
2012, ISD-c leg.; 2 9, Trung Khanh, Dam Thuy, Nguom Ngao cave, 28 Apr. 2015,
LPT Nguyen leg.]; 1 2, Bac Kan. Na Ri, Lan San, Kim Hy NR, 3 Jun. 2014, 22°14'N,
106°5'E, SV Tran leg.; 1 9, Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, Phuc Xuyen, 23 Apr. 2012, LD
Khuat leg.; 1 9, Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, 29 Sep. 2006, LD Khuat leg.; 3 2, Phu Tho,
Xuan Son NP, alt. 500-600 m, 12—13 Jun. 2004, LTP Nguyen leg.; 1 9, Thai Nguyen,
Xuan Dai, Tan Son, 20 May 2011, HP Pham leg.; Bac Giang [5 9, Son Dong, An Lac,
Keo Vang, 21°18'46"N, 106°56’E, 4 Jun. 2014, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen, DD Tran
leg.; 1 2, Son Dong, Tuan Dao, Khe Dan, Tay Yen Tu NR, 4 Jul. 2010, DD Tran leg,;
1 9, Son Dong, Khe Vang, 16 May 2013, DD Nguyen leg.; 1 2, Son Dong, An Lac,
Dong Bay, 12 Aug. 2012, J Kojima, H Nugroho & IED-c leg.]; 1 2, Quang Ninh, Yen
Tu mountain, 4 Mar. 2002, LPT Nguyen leg.; Hoa Binh [1 9, Yen Thuy, Da Phuc,
27 Apr. 2012, HT Dang leg.; 1 9, Mai Chau, Chieng Chau, Lac village, alt. 600m,
10 Jun. 2008, LPT Nguyen & PH Pham leg.; Ha Noi [1 9, Ba Vi, Van Hoa, 03 Jun.
2001, LPT Nguyen leg.; 3 2, Ba Vi, Yen Bai, Suoi Mo, alt. 100 m, 01 Jun. 2001, LPT
Nguyen leg.]; Hai Phong [4 9, Cat Ba NP, 20°47'58"N, 106°59'93"E, Nest#-CB-
2013-Po-01, 26 Jul. 2013, LTP Nguyen leg.; 19, Cat Ba NP, 10 Jun. 2003, DL Khuat
leg.]; Vinh Phuc [1 2, Me Linh, Ngoc Thanh, 02 Aug. 2000, LX Truong leg.; 6 9,
Tam Dao NP, 2005, 21°26'N, 105°37'E, alt. 400 m, 20 Aug., J. Kojima leg.; 1 2, Me
Linh, Ngoc Thanh, 13 Jun. 2001, LX Truong leg.; 8 9, Tam Dao, alt. 900—-1200m, 30
Jul.-3 Aug. 2012, DT Tran leg.; 6 2, 21 , Phuc Yen, Me Linh, Nest# 2012-ML-P-01,
11 Nov. 2012, J Kojima, DT Dang & LPT Nguyen leg.]; Thanh Hoa, Thuong Xuan,
Van Xuan, Hon Can, Xuan Lien NR [1 92, 23-24 Aug. 2012, LPT Nguyen & TV
Hoang leg.; 1 9, 19°51'41.2"N, 105°14'6"E, alt. 175 m, 27 Aug. 2012, LPT Nguyen
leg.]; 1 2, Nghe An, Con Cuong, Khe Bu, 16 Apr. 2006, ISD-c leg., light trap; 1 9,
Ha Tinh, Huong Son, Son Kim, alt. 400 m, 06 May 2004, LPT Nguyen leg.; 1 9,
Quang Binh, Quang Ninh, Truong Son, U Bo, alt. 650-800 m, 10 Jun. 2006, LIP
Nguyen leg.; 1 2, Thua Thien Hue, Phu Loc, Bach Ma NP, 30 May 2001, LD Khuat
leg.; 12, Quang Nam, Dong Giang, Macoih, 27 May 2006, ISD-c leg.

Distribution. India: Sikkim; southern China; Vietnam.

Nest. A nest (Nest# 2012-ML-P-01) collected in Me Linh station, Vinh Phuc on
11 November 2012 was examined. The nest (Fig. 19) was collected inside an old toilet,
on the wall about 2 m from the ground, together with 8 females and 25 males.

54 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

Figures 1-12. Gyvostoma species. 1-3 Polistes gigas | female head, frontal view 2 male head, frontal
view 3 antennal flagellomeres 1-4. 4—6 Polistes olivaceus 4 female head, frontal view 5 male head, frontal
view 6 antennal flagellomeres 1-4. 7-9 Polistes rothneyi 7 female head, frontal view 8 male head, frontal
view 9 antennal flagellomeres 1-4. 10—12 Polistes tenebricosus \0 female head, frontal view I | male head,

frontal view 12 Antennal flagellomeres 1-4.

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 55

Nest structural characters are as follows. Single comb, nearly round in shape with
diameter of the comb nearly 10cm and 10cm in height, tough paper-like in texture,
bicoloured, almost all dark brown mixed with reddish gray, expanded from the petiole
to form fan-shape in ventral view, with dorsal surface slightly concave. One-third of
the cell length from the bottom at outside covered with sharp thorns (Fig. 20). The cell
where the petiole is placed is longest, about 88 mm in length, and the length of the
other two next cells is 71 mm (while only 51.8 mm and 45.5 mm deep respectively).
Outside of those cells with a fold at about one-third of the length from the bottom
implying that the wasps may have reused the nest. Petiole single, terminal, with thick
central core of plant fibers, 8.7 mm long and 4.6 x 4.7 mm thick. Cells generally
arranged in regular rows, round at open end; cell gradually expanded towards open
end, 8.4 mm (range 7.0—10.3; n=10) wide at bottom and 14.8 mm (rang 13.5—16.7;
n = 10) wide at open end, 49.7 mm (range 43.6—-52.9; n=10) deep; cell wall about
0.25 mm thick; cocoon cap strongly domed beyond level of cell opening, whitish gray.

(2) Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer)
Figs 4-6

Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773, 3: 582.
Polistes olivaceus: de Saussure, 1853: 89.

Notes. This species has been recorded from Vietnam (Das and Gupta 1984; Carpenter
1996b) but the details of localities were not given. Later, the species was recorded from
provinces in the northeastern part of the country such as Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Tuyen
Quang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Lang Son and Bac Giang (Nguyen et al. 2015, Nguyen
2016). The present study gives records from some localities in the northern part includ-
ing the northwestern part, and a single locality in the southern part of the country.
Material examined. VirtNam. 19, Dien Bien, Dien Bien city market, 25 Aug.
2006, LTP Nguyen, F Saito & J Kojima leg.; Lao Cai [10 9, Bao Yen, Thuong Ha,
Nest # VN-P-2006-1, 18 Aug. 2006, LIP Nguyen, F Saito & J Kojima leg.; 11 9,
Nam Cuong, alt. 120 m, 19 Aug. 2006, LIP Nguyen, F Saito & J Kojima leg.]; 2 9,
Yen Bai, Yen Bai city, 18 Aug. 2006, LTP Nguyen, F Saito & J Kojima leg.; 1 9,
Son La, To Hieu farm, 7 Sep. 1993, XL Truong leg.; Vinh Phuc [1 9, Tam Dao NP,
21°27'N, 105°38'E, alt. 890 m, 4 May 2000, JM Carpenter leg.; Tam Dao, Me Linh,
Ngoc Thanh [2 9, 20 Jul. 2000, DL Khuat leg.; 1 2, 24 May 2000, LTP Nguyen leg.];
1 2, Tam Dao, Tam Dao NP, alt. <50 m, 21 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg.;
Hanoi [2 9, Cau Giay, Nghia Do, 29 May 2000, LTP Nguyen leg.; 2 6, 23 %,-Cau
Giay, Nghia Do, Nest# VN-P-2005-1, 1 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg.;
9 2, Thong Nhat park, 7 Sep. 2006, J Kojima leg.; 1 2, Quoc Oai, 14 Aug. 1998, XL
Truong leg.; 1 9, Ba Vi, Van Hoa, Yen Bai, 15 Aug. 2006; ISD-c leg.; 1 9, Thuong
Tin, 11 Jul. 2005, XT Nguyen leg.]; Hoa Binh, Yen Thuy [1 9, Lac Thinh, 30 Apr.
2002, DL Khuat leg.; 4 4, Da Phuc, 30 Aug. 2000, LTP Nguyen; 5 2, Da Phuc,

56 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

5 Jul. 2000, XL Truong leg.; 1 9, Bao Hieu, 9 Aug. 2000, LTP Nguyen leg.; Lac
Thinh, 6 May 2002, VT Hoang leg.]; Nghe An [2 9, Khe Bo, 19°03'N, 104°43’E, alt.
120 m, 25-28 Apr. 1998, JM Carpenter leg.; 2 2, Con Cuong, Mon Son, Pha Lay,
11 Mar. 2002; 5 2, Con Cuong, Mon Son, Bung village, 7—9 Sep. 2005; 2 2, Pu Mat
NP office, 17 Nov. 2005; 1 9, Con Cuong, Khe Bu, 16 Jul. 2006; 1 2, Co Phat, alt.
200 m, 22 Jul. 2006; 2 2, Chau Khe, Khe Choang, 14 Jul. 2005, leg. ISD-c; 4 9, Pu
Mat NP office, 21 Jul. 2004], LTP Nguyen leg.; 12, Con Cuong, Mon Son, 22-24
Jul. 2004, LTP Nguyen leg.; 4 9, Quang Binh, Bo Trach, 17 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen
& J Kojima leg.; 9 9, Thua Thien Hue, Hue City, 16 Aug. 2005, LIP Nguyen & J
Kojima leg.; 1 2, Kien Giang, U Minh Thuong NP, 30 Sep. 2003, LTP Nguyen leg.
Distribution. Madagascar; Réunion; Mauritius (including Chagos Archipelago);
Tanzania: Zanzibar; Seychelles (including Amirantes); Egypt; Oman; Iran; Afghanistan;
India: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Assam, Himachal Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odis-
ha, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Myanmar; China; ? Japan: Okinawa; Vietnam; Laos; Cam-
bodia; Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; ? Indonesia: Kalimantan; Marianas; New Cal-
edonia; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa; French Polynesia: Tahiti, Tuamotu Archipelago, Marquesas;
adventive in Chile: Easter Is.; U.S.A.: Hawaii; Australia: Queensland; New Zealand.

(3) Polistes rothneyi Cameron
Figs. 7-9, 23, 24

Polistes rothneyi Cameron, 1900, (7) 6: 410.

Notes. In Vietnam, van der Vecht (1968) recorded this species from a single locality in
the southern part of the country. The species has been recorded from some provinces
in the northern part such as Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Bac Kan, and Lang Son (Nguyen et
al. 2015, Nguyen 2016). This study adds records from other localities in the northern
part of the country, and one southern record has been also added.

In previous study in Vietnam, this species has only one color form and it agrees
with the color form that van der Vecht (1968: 106) referred to as subspecies guatei
(Fig. 23). In this study, the specimens from the southern part of the country have
ground color darker than the specimens from the northern part (Fig. 24).

Material examined. VieTNAM. Cao Bang [2 9, Nguyen Binh, Phia Oac NR, alt.
1590 m, 23°02'49"N, 104°59'35.6"E, 5 Nov. 2016, NN Tran, MP Nguyen, TV Luong
leg.; 1 2, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, Phia Oac, 11 Aug. 2012, leg. ISD-c leg.; 3 9,
Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, 22°32'37"N, 105°52'10.4"E, 7 Aug. 2012, J Kojima, H
Nugroho & JED-c leg.; 12, Bang Giang river, 21 Aug. 2001, XL Truong leg.]; Lang
Son [1 8, Bac Son, 1 Jul. 2003, XL Truong leg.; 1 9, Huu Lung, Cai Kinh, alt. 85m, 16
Jul. 2016, 20°31'37.6"N, 105°00'24.2"E, LPT Nguyen, DD Nguyen, NT Tran leg.];
Bac Giang [1 9, Son Dong, Khe Ro, 18 May 2013, DD Nguyen leg.; 1 2, Son Dong,
Thanh Son, alt. 300m, 1 Jul. 2010, HP Pham leg.]; 3 2°, Ha Noi, Ba Vi, 16 Jun. 2016,

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 57

TV Tran leg.; 4 9, Phu Tho, Xuan Son NP, alt. 400 m, 12-13 Jun. 2004, LTP Nguyen
leg.; Vinh Phuc [3 9, Tam Dao NP, alt. 800 m, 01 Jul. 2003, LTP Nguyen leg.; 6 ah
7 2, Tam Dao NP, alt. 900 m, 21 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg.; 26 , Tam
Dao NP, alt. 800 m, Nest# VN-P-2006-19, 1 Sep. 2006, F Saito & J Kojima leg.; Hoa
Binh, Mai Chau, Pa Co [1 Q, alt. 1100 m, 28 Apr. 2002; ISD-c leg.; 1 Q, alt. 900 m,
1 Aug. 2004, XL Truong leg.]; 1 2, Hoa Binh, Yen Thuy, 1 May 2002, VT Hoang leg.;
1 Q, Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong NP, 8 May 2002, VT Hoang leg.; 1 9, Nghe An, Quy
Hop, Chau Thanh, 16 Jul. 2004, XH Le leg.; 4 2, Gia Lai, Kon Chu Rang NR, Son
Lang, Kbang, 14°28'27"N, 108°32'24.3"E, alt. 830 m, 13 Apr. 2015, LTP Nguyen leg.

Distribution. Pakistan; Nepal; India: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh; Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, Bihar, Assam, Delhi, Karnataka,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur, Meghalaya; Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Vietnam; Indo-

nesia: Sumatra, Java; China; Japan; Korea.

(4) Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier
Figs 10-12, 25, 26

Polistes tenebricosa Lepeletier, 1836, 1: 529.

Notes. This species has been recorded from the northern part of Vietnam (Nguyen et
al. 2005) (Fig. 25). Specimens from the southern part are examined, which are new
records for that region of the country. Those specimens have the metasoma more yel-
low than the specimens from the northern part (Fig. 26).

Material examined. VieTNAM. | 9, Bac kan, Ba Be NP, 17 Jul. 2004, DH Nguyen
leg.; Bac Giang [2 9, Son Dong, Khe Vang, 16 May 2013, DD Nguyen leg.; 1 2, Son
Dong, Thanh Son, alt. 300 m, 1 Jul. 2010, HP Pham leg.]; 5 9, Phu Tho, Xuan Son
NP, alt. 400-600 m, 12-16 Jun. 2004, LTP Nguyen leg.; Vinh Phuc [1 9, Tam Dao
NP, alt. 1000 m, 3 Jul. 2003, LTP Nguyen leg.; 1 9, Tam Dao NP, alt. 900 m, 19 Aug.
2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg.; 7 2, Tam Dao NP, Nest # VN-P-2006-18, alt.
800 m, 31 Aug. 2006, F Saito & J Kojima leg.]; Hoa Binh [1 9, Yen Thuy, Lac Thinh,
alt. 130 m, 30 Apr. 2002, DL Khuat leg.; 3 9, Kim Boi, Thuong Tien, 5 Aug. 2012,
LD Khuat leg.]; 2 2, Thanh Hoa, Thuong Xuan, Van Xuan, Hon Can, Xuan Lien NP,
23 Aug. 2012, LTP Nguyen leg.; Nghe An [1 2, Con Cuong, Mon Son, 22-24 Jul.
2004, LTP Nguyen leg.; 1 9, Quy Hop, Chau Cuong, 14-19 Jul. 2004, XH Le leg,;
12, Ha Tinh, Huong Son, 18°21N 106°15E, alt. 450 m, 14-21 Apr. 1998, Malaise
Trap, J M Carpenter, DL Khuat, Grimaldi, Herman, Silva leg.; 1 f#, Quang Nam,
Dong Giang, Prao district, alt. 500-600 m, 28 May 2006, ISD-c leg.; 1 2, Gia Lai,
Mang Yang, A Yun, Kon Ka Kinh NP, alt. 881 m, 04 Jun. 2011, ISD-c leg.; 2 9, Ninh
Thuan, Ngoan Muc pass, 4 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg..

Distribution. India: Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura; Nepal; China;
Vietnam; Myanmar; Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Flores, Sumba, Kalim-
antan; Sulawesi; Philippines: Negros, Sibuyan.

58 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

(5) Polistes longus Nguyen & Carpenter, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/AEFFE8F9-6207-4C73-9BE6-175 DIE45C8F 1
Figs 13-18, 21, 22

Material examined. Holotype, 9, Vietnam: Ia Pal, Chu Se, Gia Lai, 13°39'46.2"N,
108°08'04.2"E, alt. 370 m, Nest#2012-TN-P-04, 25 Jul. 2012, LIP Nguyen leg.,
deposited in IEBR. Paratypes: 30 9, same data as holotye.

Other material examined. 3 9, Binh Thuan, Ham Thuan Nam, 10°51'07.7"N,
109°53'59.8"E, 11 Aug. 2005, LTP Nguyen & J Kojima leg.; 2 9 Kon Tum, Kon Tum
City, 20 Jul. 2012, LPT Nguyen leg.; Gia Lai [10 &, Ia Pal, Chu Se, 13°39'46.2"N,
108°08'04.2"E, alt. 370 m, Nest#2012-TN-P-04, 3 Q, Ia Pal, Chu Se, 21-25 Jul.
2012, ISD-c leg.; 3 9, Chu Se, 14 Apr. 2013, LTP Nguyen leg.; 1 9, Ayun Pa, Ia
Rto, 13°21'49.6"N, 108°30'06.4"E, alt. 200 m, 1 May 2016, LPT Nguyen, DD
Nguyen, NT Tran leg.; 8 2, Chu Se, Ia Pal, 13°39'46.2"N, 108°08'04.2"E, alt.
370 m, 21 Jul. 2012, LTP Nguyen leg.]; 1 9, Dak Lak, Nam N Jang, 24 Jul. 2012,
ISD-c leg.

Description. Female. Body length 17.7-19.5 mm (holotype 19 mm); fore wing
length 19.5—21.5 mm (holotype 21 mm).

Head in frontal view about 1.12 x as wide as high (Fig. 13); in dorsal view weakly
swollen laterally behind eyes, then narrowed posteriorly, with posterior margin shal-
lowly and broadly emarginate. Vertex (Fig. 14) slightly raised in area among ocelli,
slightly sloped down behind posterior ocelli towards occipital carina; POD: OOD =
about 1:1.7; POD about 1.5 times Od. Gena wider than eye, in lateral view 1.2 x as
wide as eye (Fig. 15). Occipital carina complete, clearly present along entire length of
gena. Inner eye margins slightly convergent ventrally, in frontal view distance of inner
eye margins at clypeus 1.1 x than those at vertex (Fig. 13). Antennal sockets closer to
inner eye margin than to each other; anterior tentorial pit slightly further apart from
inner eye margin than from antennal socket; interantennal space strongly raised. Cl-
ypeus in frontal view (Fig. 13) nearly as wide as high, produced ventrally into blunt
angle, in lateral view weakly swollen anteriorly (Fig. 15); length of lateral margin of
clypeus lying along inner eye margin longer than diameter of antennal socket and
slightly shorter than the length of malar space. Antennal scape 3 x as long as its maxi-
mum width; FI 3.1 x as long as its maximum width, FII-IV as long as wide, FV-IX
wider than long, FX bullet-shaped, 1.3 x as long as its basal width.

Pronotal carina raised, produced dorsally into lamella in dorsal part, slightly sinu-
ate backward on lateral side, reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum in lat-
eral view weakly convex, about 1.16 x as long as wide between tegulae; anterior margin
broadly rounded. Scutellum flattened, slightly depressed in the middle, in lateral view
slightly higher at the level of mesoscutum, strongly depressed along anterior margin.
Metanotum weakly convex, disc nearly flat but strongly depressed anterior margin.
Propodeum short (Fig. 16); posterior face narrowly (about one third the maximum
width of propodeum) and strongly excavated medially, more or less smoothly passing
into lateral faces; propodeal orifice elongate, about 2.8 times as long as wide (measured
at widest part), somewhat narrowed in dorsal half. Wings hyaline.

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 59

Figures 13-18. Polistes longus sp. nov. , holotype female 13 head, frontal view 1 4 head, lateral view 15 ver-

tex, dorsal view 16 propodeum, dorsal view 17 T1, lateral view 18 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

TI short and thick, about 0.9 times as long as its apical width, in lateral view
abruptly swollen dorsally just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory
ligament; corner between anterior and dorsal faces bluntly angled (Fig. 17). SH in lat-
eral view swollen ventrally in smoothly curved line from base to apical margin.

Clypeus with scattered large punctures, each bearing sharply pointed golden bris-
tle. Mandible with several small and shallow punctures at base and deep punctures
at anterior margin. Frons covered with small and shallow punctures. Vertex and gena
with minute punctures, area around ocelli with minute punctures; ventral one third

60 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

Figures 19-22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P gigas 21,22 Nest of P longus sp. nov.

of gena with large and shallow punctures. Pronotum with medium deep punctures.
Mesoscutum sparsely with deep punctures; punctures on scutellum and metanotum
similar to those on mesoscutum. Mesepisternum with sparse large and deep punc-
tures in posterodorsal part, scattered shallow punctured in anteroventral part; bor-
der between posterodorsal and anteroventral parts indistinct. Dorsal metapleuron
with some strong striae and shallow large punctures; ventral metapleuron with sparse
strong punctures. Propodeum with strong transverse striae. Metasomal segments
(Fig. 18) covered with minute punctures. Dark reddish brown; following parts yel-
low to orange-yellow: clypeus up to front except black strip between antennal socket,
mandible except apical and lateral margins, lower part of gena near mandible; apical
margin of pronotum along pronotal carina, a narrow transverse band near apical mar-
gin of T1, all tarsae; following parts black: propodeum except 4 large reddish brown
mark, valvula, a narrow transverse strip at two third from base of T1, some mark on
T2-6; hind leg (except yellow tarsa).

Male. Unknown.

Distribution. South Vietnam.

Remarks. ‘This species comes close to P rothneyi but it is different from the latter
by the female clypeus nearly as wide as high (slightly wider than high in P rothneyi),

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 61

Figures 23-26. Color variation in Gyrostoma species. 23, 24 P rothneyi 23 typical form 24 darker form
in the southern part 25, 26 P tenebricosus 25 typical form 26 brighter form in the southern part.

dorsal two thirds of the gena without medium punctures (dorsal two thirds of the gena
with sparse and medium punctures in P rothneyi), propodeum with posterior face
narrowly and strongly excavated medially (propodeum with posterior face widely and
more shallowly excavated medially in P rothneyi).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the very long cells of the nest.

Nest. A nest (Nest#2012-TN-P-04) (Figs 21, 22) collected in Ia Pal, Chu Se, Gia

Lai was examined.

62 L. T. P Nguyen & J. M. Carpenter / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 51-64 (2019)

The nest was attached to a thin branch of a shrub about 0.5 m above the ground.
The nest characteristics are as follows: Petiole lost during collecting, but the remaining
part showed that it is single, nearly central. Comb rather tough, pliable paper-like in
texture, more or less uniformly brown in cell walls, subcircular (about 22 mm x 20
mm) in view from side of cell opening, dorsal surface dome shape. Cells arranged in
regular rows and round at open end; cell expanded towards open end, 6.3 mm (range
6.0-6.9 mm; n = 10) wide at bottom and 7.3 mm (range 7.0—7.5 mm; n = 10) wide
at open end, 16.3 mm (range 16.1—16.9 mm; n = 10) deep; cell wall about 0.03 mm
thick. Cocoon caps very long (range 20-42mm), white.

Key to species of Gyrostoma from Vietnam

The characters used are applicable to both sexes unless the sex is specified.

1 Prestigma longer than the length of the pterostigma measured along ventral part;
mesepisternum without dorsal episternal groove; interantennal carina toothed;
pronotum with striations; hind trochanter toothed. In male, clypeus as wide as
high, separated from eye by a gap on both sides, mandible tridentate. Body color
entirely dark brown, clypeus brown...........eeseeeseeseeeeeeeeee Polistes gigas (Kirby)

— Prestigma about equal to or shorter than the length of the pterostigma measured
along ventral part; mesepisternum with dorsal episternal groove; interantennal
carina blunt; pronotum without striations; hind trochanter smooth................. 2

2 Méesepisternum without epicnemial carina. Clypeus dark brown, metasomal ter-
ga yellow with black or dark brown bands or entirely dark brown...

ah een i os WA aro a ED RS Os Sa e Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier
Mesepistertiumewith ‘epicneniall carina: 1.2.5.2. oc--1u0-sa-<3h caste katate csreadense.efseeouce 3

3. Mesopleuron weakly and sparsely punctate medially. In male, clypeus touching
eye, wider than high, SVII with lateral process. Clypeus yellow, metasomal terga
yellow with reddish-brown bands..............::cesseeeeees Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer)

— Mesopleuron strongly and densely punctate medially... cies eeeeeeeeneees 4

4 Female clypeus nearly as wide as high. Prestigma shorter than the length of the
pterostigma; dorsal two thirds of gena without medium punctures; propodeum
with posterior face narrowly (about one third the maximum width of propo-
deum) and strongly excavated medially. Body color dark reddish brown, clypeus
HU iaceaitug cuntegiien ts ial hei anoves Mee asta sean eee SEs Polistes longus sp. nov.

— Female clypeus slightly wider than high. Prestigma about equal to the length of
the pterostigma; dorsal two thirds of gena with sparse and medium punctures;
propodeum with posterior face widely (about half the maximum width of pro-
podeum) and shallowly excavated medially. Body color yellow with black marks,
Cy CUS ELON ee lneete tes taeae rete eta nsn ste be Bare Polistes rothneyi Cameron

Gyrostoma from Vietnam 63

Acknowledgements

‘The present study was supported by a grant from the Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology (KHCBSS.01/18-20).

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