Zoosyst. Evol. 9@ (@) 2018, #4#-## | DOI 10.3897/zse.9@.28765

> PENSUFT.

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BERLIN

Redescription and reassignment of Ondina semicingulata to the
Pyramidellidae, with review of the occurrence of genus Evalea in the

Western Atlantic (Gastropoda)

Alexandre D. Pimenta', Franklin N. Santos?, Carlo M. Cunha®

1 Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sdo Cristévdo, 20940-040, Rio

de Janeiro, Brazil

2 Departamento de Educagdo e Ciéncias Humanas, Centro Universitario Norte do Espirito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Sdo

Mateus 29932—540, Espirito Santo, Brazil

3. Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. Ave. Conselheiro Nébias 536, 11045-002, Santos, SP, Brazil

http://zoobank.org/

Corresponding author: Alexandre D. Pimenta (alexpim@mn.ufrj.br)

Abstract

Received 31 July 2018
Accepted @@ ##### 2018
Published @@ ##### 2018

Acteon semicingulatus Dall, 1927, previously known only by its original description is
reassigned to the Pyramidellidae, in Ondina, based on the collecting of several new spec-
imens along the coast of Brazil, in the same bathymetry as the type locality. Its shell shape

variation is discussed and Odostomia (Evalea) ryclea Dall, 1927 is considered a synony-

Academic editor:
Matthias Glaubrecht

my. Other Western Atlantic species, previously allocated to other genera are transferred to
Ondina: Aclis striata Verrill, 1880, Odostomia (Iolaea) hendersoni Bartsch, 1909, Evalea

stocki De Jong & Coomans, 1988 and Odostomia (Evalea) emeryi Bartsch, 1955 based on

Key Words

conchlogical comparison to the revison by Hoiszter (2014), from Northeastern Atlantic.

The genus Evalea is considered to be absent in the Atlantic Ocean.

Heterobranchia
Pyramidelloidea
Taxonomy
Nomenclature
Biodiversity
Southwestern Atlantic

Introduction

The Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 is a notoriously rich and
taxonomically complex gastropod family. It was included
in the “big-five” group of the richest mollusks families
by Albano et al. (2002) after extensive surveys in New
Caledonia. It includes about 3,000 accepted names at the
species level which are classified in around 140 accepted
genera (MolluscaBase 2018).

Although recent advances and changes in the phy-
logenetic position of the family within Heterobranchia
have been proposed (e.g. Dinapoli and Klussmann-Kolb
2010), the alpha taxonomy of several genera remains to
be revised and knowledge of diversity and distribution
of species is still far from satisfactory. Taxonomic stud-

ies in regions where the Pyramidellidae was poorly stud-
ied, generally reveal several new species (e.g. Pefias and
Rolan 2010, in the South Pacific region). Knowledge of
Pyramidellidae diversity in Brazil grew considerably af-
ter several taxonomic works (e.g. Pimenta and Absalao
2001a, b, 2002, 2004a, 2004b, Pimenta et al. 2000, 2008,
2009, 2011, Pimenta 2012), but several genera remain to
be revised. Additionally, old published names should be
revised in both nomenclature and taxonomy.

This is the case of Ondina de Folin, 1870, a genus with
20 valid species (MolluscaBase 2018), mainly from Eu-
ropean and west African waters but so far not recorded in
the Tropical western Atlantic. The nomenclature of On-
dina was revised by van Aartsen (1984) and the Eastern
Atlantic species (from Europe and Africa) were re-de-

Copyright Alexandre D. Pimenta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2

scribed in a series of papers (e.g. van Aartsen 1987, van
Aartsen et al. 1996, Pefias et al. 1996, Pefias and Rolan
1999, Warén 1991, Hoiszeter 2014).

During a visit to the USNM collection, the type se-
ries of Acteon semicingulatus was examined, which led
to its reassessment in the Pyramidellidae, genus Ondi-
na, as well as in the review of the previous records of
the Pyramidellidae genera Ondina and Evalea in the
Western Atlantic.

Material and methods

Taxonomic identification of the new material from Brazil
was based on conchological comparison with type spec-
imens and with the recent revision by Hoiszter (2014).
All available material consists of dry shells; in the “Ex-
amined material” the number of shells is indicated be-
tween brackets.

For detailed examination, shells were prepared follow-
ing the standard methods to preparation of micromollusc
shells for SEM of Geiger et al. (2007) and observed by
scanning electron microscopy at the Centro de Micros-
copia Eletrénica, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu
Nacional/UFRJ, with a JEOL JSM-6390LV microscope.

Measurements were made with the software ImageJ
(Rasband 2012).

Institutional Acronyms: ANSP, Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA;
MNRJ, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; USNM, Nation-
al Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C., USA; YPM, Yale Peabody Museum—
Invertebrate Zoology/Yale University, New Haven, Con-
necticut, USA; USFC, United States Fish Commission,
formally known as the United States Commission of Fish
and Fisheries. Shell measurements: H, shell height paral-
lel to coiling axis; D, greatest shell width perpendicular to
H; h, aperture height (maximum length parallel to coiling
axis); d, greatest width of aperture (maximum width per-
pendicular to coiling axis).

Due to the fire in the Museu Nacional, in September
2018, the non type material of Ondina semicingulata was
destroyied.

Systematics

Family Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840
Subfamily Odostomiinae Pelseneer, 1928

Genus Ondina de Folin, 1870

Ondina de Folin, 1870: 200.

Type species. Ondina semiornata de Folin, 1872 [=
Ondina warrenii (Thompson, 1845)] by subsequent
designation (van Aartsen 1984: 134). Atlantic coast of
France.

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Pimenta, A.D. et al..: Ondina and Evalea in the Western Atlantic

Ondina semicingulata (Dall, 1927), comb. n.
Figures la—n, 2a—c

Acteon semicingulatus. Dall 1927: 19-20; Poirier 1954: 102; Marcus
1974: 319; Abbott 1974: 311.
Odostomia (Evalea) ryclea: Dall 1927: 85. New synonym.

Type material. Ondina semicingulata — Syntypes: USNM
107913 [5 shells], from type locality; Odostomia (Evalea)
ryclea— Holotype: USNM 108365, R/V Albatross, sta. 2415,
off Georgia (30°44’ N 79°26’ W, 805.2 m depth) depth, on
broken coral, coarse sand and broken shell bottom).

Type locality. R/V Albatross, sta. 2668, off Fernandina,
Florida [Cumberland Island, off Georgia], (30°58’30”N,
79°38 30” W, 538 m depth).

Material examined. The syntypes and: Off Barbados:
183 m depth, USNM 87264, [1], Blake Expedition; Upper
Pliocene (Lower Pinecrest) of Sarasota Co., Florida, USA:
Harry Lee Private Collection [1]; Brazil: Amapa state:
off Cape Orange, (4°27°54.0”°N, 49°58’05.0”W, 160 m
depth), MNRJ 26217, [2], R/V Sartro 25 coll., 13/x/2000;
off Maraca Island, (2°21’00.0°N, 48°29°54.0°W, 72 m
depth), MNRJ 27809, [2], R/V Columbus Iselin coll.,
22/x/1991; Ceara state: off Camocim, (2.089S, 41.084W,
390 m depth): MNRJ 27823, [9]; MNRJ 27830, [1], R/V
Natureza coll., 30/x/2001; Rio Grande do Norte state: off
Touros, (4.861S, 35.134W, 384 m depth), MNRJ 27821,
[7], R/V Natureza coll., 24/x1/2001; off Sibatima, (6.234S,
34.876W, 510 m depth), MNRJ 27834, [2], R/V Nature-
za coll., 26/x/2001; Bahia state: off Itacaraé, (14.482S,
38.901 W, 278 m depth), MNRJ 28264, [1], R/V Natureza
coll., 02/vii/2001; off Salvador, (13.238S, 38.578W, 316
m depth), MNRJ 26258, [1], R/V Astro Garoupa, 25/
vi/2002; Santa Catarina state: off Itajai, (26°38’44.9"S,
46°51°54.2”W, 150 m depth), MNRJ 15318, [3], 11/2004.

Redescription. Shell small, thin, up to 3.2 mm, width
~50% of length; oblong ovate to biconical; color trans-
lucent white; spire regularly conical, ~30° angled, ~40%
of shell length. Protoconch heterostrophic, helicoidal,
with about one smooth whorl, intorted, oriented ~180°
to teleoconch axis, immersed into first teleoconch whorl,
with no visible nucleus; width about 210 um; transition
with teleoconch weak, hardly discernible. Teleoconch
up to four stepped whorls, each whorl slightly convex,
last whorl somewhat globose; suture deep, forming a nar-
row furrow. Axial sculptured absent, except for growth
lines; spiral sculpture with very narrow spiral grooves
of variable distribution and number; usually restricted to
the periphery, near the area of implantation of the outer
lip, extending anteriorly up to about 1/3 of last whorl and
on the base; young shells with three-four very thin fur-
rows; some adult shells with up to 20 furrows covering all
base surface and extending anteriorly on last whorl more
than half of its length, but not reaching anterior suture;
adult shells with visible furrows just above suture; spiral
furrows covered by microscopic axial threads. Aperture

Zoosyst. Evol. 9@ (@) 2018, ##-## 3

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Figure 1. Shells of Ondina semicingulata. A. Syntype (USNM 107913), in apertural view; B. same in lateral view; C. same in
ventral view; D. same, detail of protoconch in apical view. E. From Rio Grande do Norte state (MNRJ 27821), in apertural view;
F. same, lateral view; G. same, adapertural view; H. same, detail of protoconch in apical view; I. same, detail of sculpture. J. From
Brazil, Amapa state (MNRJ 27809), shell #1 in apertural view; K. same, shell #2 in ventral view. L. From Brazil, Bahia state, MNRJ
28264, in apertural view. M. From Brazil, Amapa state (MNRJ 26217), in ventral view. N. From Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte state
(MNRJ 27834), in apertural view. Scale bars: whole shells (vertical bar): 1 mm; details (horizontal bar): 200 um.

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elliptical-oblong, length about half of last whorl length,
anteriorly elongated-rounded, posteriorly narrow and
somewhat acute. Columellar margin slightly concave,
without tooth. Outer lip thick. Umbilicus deep and wide,
ranging from circular to wide chink.

Geographic distribution. USA: Florida (type locality);
Barbados (present study); Brazil: Amapa, Ceara, Rio Grande
do Norte, Bahia and Santa Catarina states (present study).

Remarks. Except for the features of soft parts, absent in
the type specimens of Acteon semicingulatus, all char-
acteristics agree with the diagnose provided by Hoiszter
(2014) for Ondina, including the oblong-ovate shell, ob-
long aperture and intorted protoconch. In comparison to
the Eastern Atlantic species, which usually have more
elongate shells, O. semicingulata has a wider shell, with
biconical general shape. The original allocation in Acteon
is reyected since Acteonids have a solid shell, with colu-
mellar tooth and rounded protoconch (Valdés 2008).

Hogiszter (2014) discussed the high variability of the
surface of the shell, being smooth or with variable incised
spirals. According to this author, in a single species, the
spirals may cover uniformly the whole shell, they may be
confined to the lower half of each teleoconch whorl or the
shell may be smooth and shiny.

Ondina semicingulata (Figures l1a—n, 2a—c) is strongly
sculptured with spiral furrows (Figure 11) restricted to the
anterior 1/3 to half of the whorls. On earlier whorls, these
lines are visible only above suture (Figure le—g), but on
the last whorl, they are visible also below the periphery
of whorl (Figure le), extending to the base (Figure 1g).
The amount of lines on the last whorl (including the base)
is variable, both ontogenetically and between shells with
the same number of whorls.

Figure 1j—n illustrates shells of O. semicingulata in a
growth series. The amount of spiral lines and strength of
the spiral sculpture increase from shells of younger spec-
imens (Fig. 1j-k) to adult ones (Fig. 11—n). Besides these
three adult specimens, with same number of whorls, ex-
hibit variation tn the sculpture, covering almost entire last
whorl of the shell in Figure 1m.

Odostomia (Evalea) ryclea with type locality off Go-
ergia is here considered a synonymy name of Ondina
semicingulata, since it has identical shell shape and pro-
toconch. Despite the eroded shell surface of the holotype
(Figure 2a—c), the original description (Dall 1927) states
the presence of spiral lines in the teleoconch whorls.

Ondina striata (Verrill, 1880), comb. n.
Figure 2d—h

Aclis striata: Verrill 1880: 377; 1882: 528, pl. 58, fig. 13; Johnson 1989:

66, pl. 11, fig. 7.
Odostomia (Menestho) striata: Bartsch 1911: 435.

Type material. Lectotype (designated by Johnson
1989: 66): YPM 15757, missing; paralecotype: USNM

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Pimenta, A.D. et al..: Ondina and Evalea in the Western Atlantic

44820, USFC sta. 873, 183 m depth, off Newport,
Rhode Island.

Type locality. Bay of Fundy, near Eastport, Maine, Ver-
rill coll. 1868.

Material examined. Photographs of the paralectotype
and of: USFC sta. 863, 33 m, Vineyard Sound, Rhode
Island: YPM 15704 [1]; ANSP 102517 [1].

Geographic distribution. USA: Rhode Island (type lo-
cality), Maine.

Remarks. Ac/is striata was described (Verrill 1880)
based on two shells: from shallow water in the Bay of
Fundy; and from deep-water off Newport, Rhode Island,
by the USFC. Two years later, Verrill (1882) referred to
the same two shells, adding station number information
(USFC sta. 873) to the the deep-water shell. In this work,
Verrill (1882: pl. 58, fig. 13) presented the drawing of a
shell without indicating which one of the two syntypes.

The type material of Ac/is striata was studied by John-
son (1989: 66, pl. 11, fig. 7), who designated and figured
the lectotype (YPM 15757, from the Bay of Fundy), and
listed YPM 15704, from USFC sta. 873, as a paralec-
totype (but see comments below about its type status).
After searching the YPM Molluscan Collection (E. Lazo-
Wasen pers. comm. ), 1t was noticed that the lectotype was
missing (the vial was empty) and the label of the sup-
posed paralectotype YPM 15704 (Figure 2h) mentions
‘USEC sta. 863’ (which is a shallow water station in the
Vineyards Sounds, 33 m depth).

According to Johnson (1989: 15), Verrill sent the
samples (types and other specimens) of the species de-
scribed by himself to the National Museum of Natural
History (USNM), keeping nevertheless, some duplicate
specimens with him, which he later sold to YPM (Lazo-
Wasen pers. comm.). Thus, it seems that the two original
syntypes of Aclis striata were split by Verrill between the
USNM and the YPM collections.

This is corroborated by the original label of USNM
44820 (Figure 2g) that states: “Aclis striata V. Off New-
port, R. I. U.S.F.C. 1880”. This label has a hand-written
indication of “figd. type” that corresponds to Verrill’s cal-
ligraphy (E. Lazo-Wasen pers. comm.); such “figd. type”
(Figure 2d—e) matches perfectly the figured syntype by
Verrill (1882: pl. 58, fig. 13), and thus, it must be consid-
ered the paralectotype from deep-water (USFC sta. 873),
while the missing lectotype (figure in Johnson 1989: pl.
11, fig. 7), by the other hand, is a smaller shell.

Thus, the shell YPM 15704 (Figure 2h), considered by
Johnson to be a paralectotype has no type status. As indicat-
ed by its label, it was dredged by USFC 1s sta. 863, in which
an additional shell (ANSP 102517) was also collected.

The only remaining question is the reference to USFC
sta. 863 in the original label of specimen USNM 44820
(Figure 2g). We believe that such information was mis-
takenly inserted by someone later since it has a different

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Figure 2. A. Shell of Odostomia (Evalea) ryclea, holotype (USNM 108365) in ventral view; B. same, in adapertural view; C. same,
detail of protoconch in apical view. D. Shell of Ondina striata, paralectotype (USNM 44820), in apertural view; E. same, in ada-
pertural view; F. same, detail of protoconch in apical view. G. Original label of USNM 44820, showing a hand-written indication
of “figd. type” by A. E. Verrill.; H. Ondina striata, a non-type shell (YPM 15704) erroneously indicated as lectotype by Johnson
(1989). Scale bars: whole shells (vertical bar): 1 mm; detail (horizontal bar): 200 um.

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handwriting and Verrill (1880, 1882) did not list material
from that station.

Ondina striata was originally described as belonging
to Aclis due to its spiral striae and was later transferred
to the Pyramidellidae genus Odostomia (Menestho) by
Bartsch (1911: 435) without any comments on this tax-
onomic rearrangement. The species has all features that
characterize the genus Ondina (Hoiseter 2014) and is
very similar to the type species of the genus.

Ondina hendersoni (Bartsch, 1909), comb. n.
Figure 3a, b

Odostomia (Iolaea) hendersoni: Bartsch 1909: 101, pl. 13, fig. 43.
Type material. Holotype: USNM 203813.

Type locality. Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Material examined. Photographs of the holotype.

Geographic distribution. USA: Massachusetts (type
locality).

Remarks. The holotype of Ondina hendersoni (Fig-
ure 3a, b) matches the general features of the genus Ondi-
na, being however, larger with more globose whorls. The
typical spiral lines of the genus are very numerous in the
figured holotype and especially evident on the lower half
of the teleoconch whorls.

This species was recorded from Texas by Odé (1994)
as Amoura cf. hendersoni but the drawing of the shell
(Odé 1994: 48, fig. 4) exhibits a slender shell, with few
spiral lines above suture, which resembles O. stocki (see
below).

Ondina stocki (De Jong & Coomans, 1988), comb. n.

Figure 3c—e

Evalea stocki: De Jong and Coomans 1988: 124, pl. 6, fig. 655.

?Amoura hendersoni auct. non Bartsch 1909: Gundersen (1998: 13,
figured).

?Amoura cf. hendersoni auct. non Bartsch 1909: Odé (1994: 39, fig. 4).

Type material. Holotype: ZMA.MOLL. 138319 [origi-
nal publication indicates ZMA 3.87.105]; two paratypes:
ZMA.MOLL. 138320.

Type locality. Curacao/Aruba [according to Jong and
Coomans (1988: 124), the holotype was selected from
mixed material from those two localities].

Material examined. Photographs of the types.
Geographic distribution. Curacao/Aruba (type locality).

Remarks. Ondina stocki (Figure 3c—e) was originally de-
scribed in Evalea, based on a sample of shells from Aru-

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Pimenta, A.D. et al..: Ondina and Evalea in the Western Atlantic

ba/Curacao; the original illustration is a simple drawning
that precludes a precise generic allocation, but the pho-
tographs of the holotype (Figure 3c) and of a young and
an adult paratypes (Figure 3d—e) clearly shows that this
species belong in the genus Ondina. The shell shape is
similar to Ondina hendersoni, but the shell is narrower,
and the spiral grooves are less numerous.

Lee (2009) recorded Evalea stocki from Jacksonville
Beach, Florida, (USA) based on a young specimen. The
author, in the same work, referred to a color illustration of
that species, published by Gundersen (1998), but named
by Gundersen (1998) as Amoura hendersoni. The figured
shells from Sanibel Island in Gundersen (1998) and that
from Jacksonville in Lee (2009) clearly can be ascribed
to the genus Ondina, but the images provided by the au-
thors as well as the drawing of Amoura cf. hendersoni by
Odé (1994), do not allow a precise separation between
O. stocki or O. hendersoni. Also, the simple drawing of
Amoura cf. hendersoni from Texas in Odé (1994) does
not allow a conclusive identification, in spite of the pat-
tern of spiral grooves resembling that found in O. stocki.

Therefore, we consider that the only confirmed occur-
rence of O. stocki is that restricted to the type locality area.

Ondina emeryi (Bartsch, 1955), comb. n.

Odostomia (Evalea) emeryi Bartsch, 1955: 84, pl. 17, fig. 1.

Evalea emeryi: Odé and Speers (1972: 11, figs 13-14); Tunnel Jr. et al.
(2010: 364, figured); Rosenberg et al. (2009: 672).

Amoura emeryi. Odé (1994: 40, fig. 5).

Type material. Holotype: USNM 561672 (Bartsch
1955: pl. 17, fig. 1); paratype: ANSP IP 31335. All from

type locality.

Type locality. Pliocene of North St. Petersburg, Flor-
ida (type locality); Texas (Odé and Speers (1972), Odé
(1994), Tunnel Jr. et al. (2010), Rosenberg et al. (2009).

Remarks. This species was originally described from the
Pliocene of Florida and later recorded from the Gulf of
Mexico by Odé and Speers (1972), Odé (1994), Tunnel
Jr. et al. (2010) and Rosenberg et al. (2009).

Geographic distribution. USA: Pliocene of Florida
(type locality);

Discussion

Knowledge of species richness, geographic distribution
and accurate taxonomic status of marine molluscan fauna
from Brazil is still far from satisfactory. Traditionally, the
marine molluscan diversity was compiled in catalogues
(e.g. Rios 1994, 2009), with the main purpose of working
as identification guides, with a brief description of each
taxa, and an image. Despite the recent contributions to the
Brazilian molluscan diversity (e.g. Pimenta et al. 2004a),

Zoosyst. Evol. 9@ (@) 2018, ##-##

Figure 3. A. Shell of Ondina hendersoni, holotype (USNM 203813) in apertural view; B. same, in lateral view. C. Shell of Ondi-
na stocki, holotype (ZMA.MOLL. 138319) in apertural view [photo: Naturalis, Jeroen Goud. D. Ondina stocki, paratype (ZMA.
MOLL. 138320), smaller shell in apertural view; E. same, bigger shell in apertural view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

several taxa remain poorly known, and the revision of
genera usually gives rise to the discover of new records
and/or new species (e.g. Fernandes and Pimenta 2011).
This is especially true to the marine micromollusks, as
discussed by Pimenta and Geiger (2015).

In the last two decades, the Pyramidellidae species
richness from Brazil raised from 35 previously record-
ed species (Rios 1994) to 94 species, including several
new species, after the works by Pimenta (2012), Pimen-
ta and Absalao (2001, 2002, 2004a, 2004b), Pimenta et
al. (2008, 2009, 2011). Nevertheless, there is still many
species of this family to be described, especially from
deep-water (Pimenta pers. obs.).

On the other hand, acteonids also lack dedicated studies
in the Western Atlantic, where few works have been pub-
lished (Rehder 1939, Marcus 1972, 1974, Cunha 2011,
Zelaya et al. 2011). Interestingly, recent studies have re-
vealed new genera (Bouchet 1975, Salvador and Cunha
2016) and species (Smriglio and Mariottini 1996, Valdés
2008, Cunha and Simone 2018) from around the world.

For both families, re-examination of type material is
imperative and in the case of Acteon semicingulatus, its
reassignment to the Pyramidellidae revealed the first re-
cord of the genus Ondina in the Western Atlantic.

On the occurrence of Ondina in the Western Atlantic

The most complete and recent account on the taxonomy
of Ondina was provided by van Aartsen (1987), Waren
(1991) and Hogiszeter (2014), based on European species.
Hoiszter (2014) figured the type species Ondina semior-
nata de Folin, 1870 (= Ondina warreni) and discussed the
intraspecific variation found in the genus.

According to the works by van Aartsen (1987), van
Aartsen et al. (1998), Pefias et al. (1996), Pefias and

Rolan (1999), Warén (1991), and Hoiszeter (2014), On-
dina is mainly distributed in the Eastern Atlantic, both in
temperate and tropical latitudes, including the Northern
European Seas, the Lusitanian, the Mediterranean Sea
and West African Transition Provinces, while a single
species is known from the temperate northern Pacific, in
the coast of Japan (Hori and Fukuda 1999).

The present records of Ondina semicingulata, O. em-
eryi, O. stocki and O. hendersoni in the western Atlantic
broadens the distribution of the genus including geo-
graphical areas that go from Georgia (north-western At-
lantic) and south Brazil (south western Atlantic), which
gives the genus a wider latitudinal range in the western
Atlantic when compared to its distribution in the eastern
part of the Atlantic. Ondina semicingulata, besides pre-
senting a wider distribution in the western Atlantic, also
presents a larger bathymetric range from 72—500 m depth.
Ondina mosti van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 1998 is
the only eastern Atlantic species with similar bathymetry
(119-405 m), while the other species are restricted to lit-
toral and continental shelf depths (Aartsen et al. 1998).

Evaluation of the occurrence of Evalea in the Western
Atlantic

Aartsen (1987) evaluated the generic allocation of sever-
al European odostomids species previously included in
Evalea and based on the absence of a well-developed col-
umellar tooth, trasnferred them to Ondina. This criterion
was followed by Hoiszeter (2014).

According to Aartsen and Menkhorst (1996: 51-52),
Evalea was confused by Nordsieck (1972), most likely
because of the lack of an illustration of the type species
Odostomia (Evalea) elegans A. Adams, 1860. Aartsen
and Menkhorst (1996: fig. 11) designated a neotype for

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Figure 4. A. Shell of Odostomia fernandina, holotype (USNM
108053) in apertural view; B. same, in adapertural view.
Scale bar: 1 mm.

the type species of Evalea which shows a shell with
coarse spiral striae covering all whorls and a visible col-
umellar tooth.

According to MolluscaBase (2018), Evalea has 18
Species and it is not present in European waters (e.g. East
Atlantic and Mediterranean), being restricted to the Pacif-
ic coast of Japan, New Zealand, Indian South Africa, and
to the western Atlantic.

In the present work, an attempt was made to eval-
uate the presence of Evalea in the western Atlantic by
checking the previous species recorded in that genus
and comparing them to the type species as illustrated by
Aartsen (1996). According MolluscaBase (2018), the fol-
lowing species are recorded from the western Atlantic:
Evalea fernandina (Bartsch, 1927), E. ryclea (Bartsch,
1927), E. emeryi (Bartsch, 1955), and E. stocki De Jong
& Coomans, 1988; besides that, Odé (1994) recorded an
aditional taxon as “Evalea sp. indet. A”.

As demonstrated above, Evalea stocki, E. ryclea (=
O. semicincgulata) and E. emery belong in fact to the
genus Ondina. As for the other species we do not have
at present enough evidence to critically discuss their ge-
neric placement.

Odostomia (Evalea) fernandina (Dall, 1927: 85) was
originally described in Odostomia and it has an elongate
shell with whorls with an almost rectilinear outline. Al-
though the holotype, USNM 108053, (Figure 4a, b) is
eroded and has a partially broken outer lip, it is possible
to distinguish from Evalea by the absence of spiral sculp-
ture and columellar tooth. However, it does not seem to
belong to Ondina, because of the different protoconch
which is not fully immersed. Thus, until further evidence

zse.pensoft.net

Pimenta, A.D. et al..: Ondina and Evalea in the Western Atlantic

is available we suggest this species to be kept in the genus
Odostomia. The record of Evalea sp. A by Odé (1994:
46, fig. 8) is considered doubtful because in the drawing
provided by the author, characters that could relate the
specimen to Evalea such as the spiral sculpture through-
out the shell and the presence of a columellar fold, are
difficult to interpret.

Therefore, based on previous studies (e.g Hoiszter
2014) and our own results it is here suggested that the
genus Evalea is absent in the Atlantic Ocean.

Acknowledgements

We thank Ellen E. Strong and Yolanda Villacampa
(USNM) for the images of the type specimens and their
kind help and hospitality while visiting the museum
(CMC). José Carlos N. Barros (UFRPE), for donating
some of the material examined from north/northeast
Brazil; Harry Lee, for information and image of Ondina
stocki from Florida; Bram van der Bil and Jeroen Goud
(ZMA / Naturalis, Leiden), for the photos and informa-
tion about the types of O. stocki, E. Lazo-Wasen and Dan-
iel Drew (YPM) for the photos of the type specimens in
YPM and valuable discussions on the type status of Ac/lis
striata, Ellen Wildner (ANSP), for photos of additional
material; Leonardo Souza, for photos and notes about the
type of O. striata when visiting the USNM. We also thank
Anne DuPont (Florida, USA) for review and corrections
of English grammar and spelling.

This project was partially supported by Capes Founda-
tion proc. 8739/13-7 to C. M. Cunha.

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