Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 | DOI! 10.3897/zse.94.27401 Ate BERLIN Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia’” and Cephalaspidea (Mollusca, Heterobranchia) in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Carlo M. Cunha!*3, Rodrigo B. Salvador*? 1 Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Ave. Conselheiro Nébias 536, 11045-002, Santos, SP, Brazil 2 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA 3. CAPES -— Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia/DF 70040-020, Brazil 4 Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany 5 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, 169 Tory Street, 6011, Wellington, New Zealand http://zoobank.org/09EC3F78-C68C-4F 9C-A76D-008DDAEI3B3E Corresponding author: Carlo M. Cunha (carlomagenta@gmail.com) Abstract Received 12 June 2018 Accepted 29 August 2018 Published 22 November 2018 The type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia” and Cephalaspidea (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA, are listed herein. The collection includes types of circa 60 species, from the families: Acteonellidae, Acteonidae, Bullidae, Cylichnidae, Haminoeidae, Philinidae, Retusidae, Academic editor: Rhizoridae, Ringiculidae and Scaphandridae. The catalogue is presented in systematic Matthias Glaubrecht order, with information on the original description, type locality, type stratum and age, catalog number in the collection, and current taxonomic status. Further taxonomic notes Key Words are offered when pertinent. Several species are illustrated here for first time. The new combinations Roxania hornii (Gabb, 1864) and Volvulella minutissima (Gabb, 1860) are Cenozoic proposed. Some species that have previously been assigned to Acteonidae are revised here, Cretaceous resulting in the following new combinations: Odostomia milium (Lea, 1846), Chrysallida sculpta (Lea, 1846) and Pyrgulina angulata (Lea, 1846). The list of taxa is also presented in other arrangements (alphabetically by specific epithets and by authorship and date) to facilitate locating information. type specimens Introduction The collection of fossil mollusks in the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP; Philadelphia, PA, USA) houses about 80,000 lots, mostly of gastropods. De- spite containing fossils from diverse localities worldwide, most stems from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras of the USA. The collection counts with original material (in- cluding type specimens) of several 19" and early 20" cen- tury paleontologists, such as Timothy A. Conrad, William M. Gabb, Henry C. Lea, Isaac Lea and Henry A. Pilsbry. It is an international consensus that all museums should publish inventories of their type specimens. Since many invertebrate species have convoluted taxonomic histories often with inadequate descriptions and illustrations (or no illustration at all), and little modern taxonomic analysis, it is deemed that such catalogues will benefit or prompt future studies. Some catalogues have been published regarding the Re- cent mollusks of the ANSP collection, focusing on specific authors or families (Borrero and Rosenberg 2015, Callo- mon 2015, Snyder and Callomon 2015), and the entire col- lection is presently searchable online. A catalogue of the ANSP invertebrate fossil types was published by Richards (1968), as well as more specific ones dealing with type specimens of a single author (e.g., Moore 1962, for Con- rad’s types) or a restricted period (e.g., Johnson 1905, for the Cretaceous). These catalogues sometimes fail to cite the type specimens of some species, might present conflict- ing information, and, due to their broad scope, offer very Copyright Carlo M. Cunha, Rodrigo B. Salvador. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 506 little extra information on the species’ taxonomy. There- fore, we present here an annotated catalogue of the fossil “Architectibranchia” and Cephalaspidea gastropod types housed in the ANSP Invertebrate Paleontology collection. When necessary, new combinations are proposed. More- Over, some species that have previously been assigned to Acteonidae are revised, resulting in new combinations. Material and methods The present catalogue offers information on the original de- scription of each species, the ANSP catalog number for the type material lots, type locality and stratum, age and current taxonomical status (following the most recent revisions, where they exist). At least one type specimen (holotype, lec- totype or syntype) of each nominal species is figured here, with further type specimens figured only when they add in- formation. Several species are figured here for the first time. The type catalogue is arranged in three ways to facil- itate locating information: (1) by current systematic po- sition (with additional information and comments and, when necessary, proposed new combinations); (2) alpha- betically by specific epithet; (3) by authorship and date of the nominal species. Some species whose types are housed in the ANSP collec- tion were originally classified in Architectibranchia or Ceph- alaspidea, but clearly do not belong to them. They are listed further below and, as some of them have never received a taxonomical reassessment, they are reclassified here. The classification used here follows Bouchet et al. (2005, 2017), complemented (when available) by taxo- nomic revisions that deal specifically with the fossil taxa. The taxa represented in the ANSP collection are: Archi- tectibranchia (Acteonellidae, Acteonidae, Ringiculidae) and Cephalaspidea (Bullidae, Cylichnidae, Haminoeidae, Philinidae, Retusidae, Rhizoridae, Scaphandridae). Type localities and strata are provided as precisely as possible and when the original descriptions were not very precise, we added information from previous authors, specimens labels, or our own research (new information is always clearly indicated as such). Moreover, some locality and formation names were updated to conform to current conventions; the original names are also indi- cated. Likewise, the age of the strata are given with as much resolution as possible. However, several localities have not been studied in detail since then; in these cases, a coarser age span (e.g., period) is indicated. Previous catalogues and species lists (e.g., Palmer 1937, Moore 1962, Richards 1968) often refer to the type specimens in different manners, without discussing the reasoning behind their choice. Herein, we indicated these previous assesments in quotation marks. One issue can be generalized here, though, regarding the use of the word “holotype” by previous catalogues when confronted by a single specimen in the collection. This practice is erro- neous and all the original specimens are considered syn- types (even if there is only a single one) herein, unless ex- zse.pensoft.net Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... plicetely indicated on the original description that a single specimen was available (in which case, it 1s a holotype). Unfortunately, some of the types supposedly housed in the ANSP collection could not be found in the present study and are thus considered lost. They are: Acteon costellatus Conrad, 1833; Acteon modicellus Conrad, 1860; Bulla mor- toni Forbes, 1845 and Retusa sulcata fossilis Pilsbry, 1922. Systematic list of taxa List of taxa by systematic arrangement Heterobranchia Superfamily Acteonoidea d’Orbigny, 1843 Family Acteonidae d’ Orbigny, 1843 Genus Acteocina Gray, 1847 Acteocina cederstromi Richards, 1947 Figure 1A—B Acteocina cederstromi Richards, 1947: 34, pl. 11, fig. 9. Type locality. Bacons Castle, Virginia, depth 115 ft. (ca. 35 m); stratum: Yorktown Formation; age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP16771 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 113). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina candei (d’ Orbigny, 1841) (Campbell 1993). Acteocina chowanensis Richards, 1947 Figure 1C—D Acteocina chowanensis Richards, 1947: 34, pl. 11. fig. 10. Type locality. Edenton, well 11 (as “well 3” in original description), depth 46-58 ft. (ca. 14-17.5 m), U. S. Ma- rine Base, North Carolina, USA; stratum: Chowan River Formation; age: Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP16754 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 113). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1826) (Mikkelsen and Mikkelsen 1984). Acteocina crassiplica (Conrad, 1848) Figure 1E—F Bulla crassiplica Conrad, 1848a: 282. Type locality. Dr. Smith’s plantation, 6 miles northeast of Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi, USA; stratum: Vicksburg Group; age: Oligocene. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 507 Figure 1. Types. A—B. Holotype of Acteocina cederstromi, H 4.0 mm, ANSP IP16771. C—D. Holotype of Acteocina chowanensis, H 3.8 mm, ANSP IP16754. E—F. Lectotype of Acteocina crassiplica, H 6.0 mm, ANSP IP13412. G—-H. Paratype of Acteocina kirk- woodiana, H 5.0 mm, ANSP IP15935. I-J. Holotype of Acteocina puruha, H 7.6 mm, ANSP IP13684. K—L. Holotype of Acteocina subbullata, H 9.9 mm, ANSP IP3193. M-N. Syntype of Acteocina weatherlli, H 4.6 mm, ANSP IP14431. O—P. Syntype of Acteon biplicatus, H 17.2 mm, ANSP IP19466; also, syntype of A. gabbana. Q-R. Syntype of Acteon cretacea, H 19.1 mm, ANSP IP18778. S. Holotype of Acteon elegans, H 6.0 mm, ANSP IP6011. T-U. Syntype of Acteon forbesiana, H 9.2 mm, ANSP IP18777. zse.pensoft.net 508 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP13412 (designation in Moore 1962: 51, Richards 1968: 119, MacNeil and Dockery 1984: 240); paralectotypes, ANSP 13413, 6 shells (as “paratype” in Richards 1968: 119, MacNeil and Dockery 1984: 240). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina crassiplica (Con- rad, 1848) (MacNeil and Dockery 1984). Acteocina kirkwoodiana Richards & Harbison, 1944 Figure 1G—H Acteocina kirkwoodiana Richards & Harbison, 1944: 9, figs 1, 5-6. Type locality. Brandywine Lighthouse well, depth 385 feet [ca. 117 m], Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA; stra- tum: Kirkwood Formation; age: Miocene. Type material. Paratype, ANSP IP15935, 1 shell (Rich- ards and Harbison 1944: 14, fig. 1, 5; as “paratypes” in Richards and Harbison 1944: figs 1, 5; as “cotype” in Richards 1968: 148). Current taxonomic status. —Acteocina kirkwoodiana Richards & Harbison, 1944. Acteocina puruha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941 Figure 1I-J Acteocina puruha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 13, pl. 8, fig. 1. Type locality. Punta Blanca, Ecuador; stratum: Canoa Formation; age: Late Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP13684 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 179). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina puruha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. Acteocina subbullata Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 Figure 1K—L Acteocina subbullata Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 150-151. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3193 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 192). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina bullata (Kiener, 1834) (Woodring 1970). zse.pensoft.net Acteocina weatherlli (Lea, 1833) Figure 1M—N Acteon weatherlli Lea, 1833: 213, pl. 6, fig. 224. Type locality. Monmouth Co., Deal, New Jersey, USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Miocene(?). Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP14431, 1 shell (as “type” in Richards 1968: 205). Current taxonomic status. Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1826) (Mikkelsen and Mikkelsen 1984 as A. wetherlli [sic]). Genus Acteon Montfort, 1810 Acteon biplicatus (Gabb, 1860) Figure 1O—P Acteonina biplicata Gabb, 1860a: 93, pl. 2, fig. 13 [non d’Orbigny]. Type locality. —New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Lower Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP19466 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 107), 1 shell, ANSP 19467, 1 shell. Current taxonomic status. Acteon gabbana Whitfield, 1892 (Whitfield 1892, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Acteon costellatus Conrad, 1833 Acteon costellatus Conrad, 1833b: 45. Type locality. Claiborne Bluff, Alabama River, Monroe County, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (upper- most Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Lost (Harris 1895a: 13, Palmer 1937: 501, Moore 1962: 50). Current taxonomic status. Acteon costellatus Conrad, 1833 is considered a species inquirenda (Salvador and Cunha 2016). Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862 Figure 1Q—-R Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862: 318. Type locality. Crosswicks, New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Lower Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cre- taceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP18778, 2 shells (as “types” in Richards 1968: 120). Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Current taxonomic status. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862 (Richards and Ramsdell 1962, Richard and Sha- piro 1963). Acteon elegans (Lea, 1833) Figure 1S Monoptygma elegans Lea, 1833: 203, pl. 6, fig. 217. Type locality. Monroe Co., Claiborne Bluff, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP6011 (as “lectotype” [er- ror] in Palmer 1937: 499; as “type” in Richards 1968: 128). Current taxonomic status. Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833 (Palmer and Brann 1966). Acteon forbesiana Whitfield, 1892 Figure 1T—U Actaeon forbesiana Whitfield, 1892: 157, pl. 19, figs 17-22. Type locality. Walnford, New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Low- er Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP18777, 4 shells (as “types” in Richards 1968: 113). Current taxonomic status. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862 (Weller 1907, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Acteon gabbana Whitfield, 1892 Figure 1O—P Actaeon gabbana Whitfield, 1892: 156, pl. 19, figs 23-25. Type locality. Tinton Falls, New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Low- er Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes (also of Acteonina biplicata Gabb, 1860), ANSP 19466 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 135), 1 shell, ANSP IP19467, 1 shell. Current taxonomic status. Acteon gabbana Whitfield, 1892 (Weller 1907, Richards and Ramsdell 1962), nom. nov. pro Acteonina biplicata Gabb, 1860 [non d’ Orbigny]. Acteon glans Lea, 1846 Figure 2A Acteon glans Lea, 1846: 256, pl. 36, fig. 58. 509 Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia, USA; stratum: Yorktown Formation; age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP1517. Current taxonomic status. Acteon glans Lea, 1846. Acteon idoneus Conrad, 1833 Figure 2B—C Acteon idoneus Conrad, 1833b: 45. Type locality. Claiborne Bluff, Alabama River, Alabama, USA: stratum: Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP30547 (as “lectotype” in Palmer 1937: 500; as “lectotype?” in Moore 1962: 65), 1 shell, ANSP IP53814, 5 shells (all as “syntypes” in Richards 1968: 144). The designation as lectotype by Palmer (1937) is likely mistaken (Moore 1962; Richards 1968). Current taxonomic status. Acteon idoneus Conrad, 1833 (Palmer 1937, Palmer and Brann 1966, Dockery 1977). Acteon lineatus Lea, 1833 Figure 2D-E Acteon lineatus Lea, 1833: 112, pl. 4, fig. 97. Type locality. Claiborne, Alabama, USA; stratum: uncer- tain [likely Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group)]; age: Eocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP5541, 1 shell (des- ignation by Palmer 1937: 500; as “holotype” in Richards 1968: 152); paralectotypes, ANSP IP5442, 1 shell, ANSP IP5443, 1 shell, ANSP IP5444, 1 shell (each as “para- type” in Richards 1968: 152). Current taxonomic status. Acteon idoneus Conrad, 1833 (Palmer 1937, Palmer and Brann 1966). Acteon modicellus Conrad, 1860 Actaeon modicellus Conrad, 1860: 287. Type locality. Tippah County, Mississippi, USA; stra- tum: “dark gray marl”; age: Late Cretaceous. Type material. Lost (Sohl 1964). Current taxonomic status. Acteon modicellus Conrad, 1860, nomen dubium (Sohl 1964). zse.pensoft.net 510 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Figure 2. Types. A. Holotype of Acteon glans, H 1.9 mm, ANSP IP1517. B—C. Syntype of Acteon idoneus, H 11.1 mm, ANSP IP30547. D-E. Lectotype of Acteon lineatus, H 8.6 mm, ANSP IP5541. EF. Holotype of Acteon nitens, H 4.0 mm, ANSP IP1516. G-H. Syntype of Acteon novellus, H 12.0 mm, ANSP IP1600. IE-L. Syntype of Acteon ovoidea, H 23 mm, ANSP IP56167. 32-33. Same, H 21.0 mm, ANSP IP56166; also, holotype of A. subovoides. M-N. Lectotype of Acteon politus, H 8.2 mm, ANSP IP4266. O-P. Syntype of Acteon pomilius, H 10.1 mm, ANSP IP30546. Q—R. Syntype of Acteon punctatus, H 8.8 mm, ANSP IP5537. S-T. Holotype of Acteon subtornatilis, H 18.1 mm, ANSP IP3183. zse.pensoft.net Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Acteon nitens Lea, 1846 Figure 2F Acteon nitens Lea, 1846: 257, pl. 36, fig. 60. Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia, USA; stratum: Yorktown Formation; age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP1516. Current taxonomic status. Acteon nitens Lea, 1846. Acteon novellus Conrad, 1834 Figure 2G—H Acteon novellus Conrad, 1834: 142. Type locality. Suffolk, Virginia, USA; stratum: uncer- tain; age: Miocene/Pliocene(?). Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP1600, 1 shell (as “ho- lotype” in Gardner 1948: 277, pl. 38, figs 24, 26), ANSP IP79768, 2 shells (all as “syntypes” in Moore 1962: 80; as “types” in Richards 1968: 165). Current taxonomic status. —Acteon novellus Conrad, 1834 (Moore 1962). Acteon ovoidea Gabb, 1862 Figure 2]—L Actaeon ovoidea Gabb, 1862: 319. Type locality. New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Lower Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP56166, 1 shell, ANSP IP56167, 1 shell. Current taxonomic status. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862 (Weller 1907, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Acteon politus (Gabb, 1869) Figure 2M—N Ringinella polita Gabb, 1869: 174-175, 231, pl. 28, fig. 60. Type locality. Colusa County, California, USA; stratum: Shasta Group (Shasta Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4266 (designation in Stewart 1926: 431, fig. 18); paralectotype, ANSP IP79514, 11 shells (as “types lot” in Richards 1968: 176). Current taxonomic status. Acteon politus (Gabb, 1869) (Anderson 1958). Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833 Figure 20—P Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833b: 45. Type locality. Claiborne Bluff, Alabama River, Monroe County, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (upper- most Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP30546 (as “lecto- type?” in Moore 1962: 88), ANSP IP53815, 5 shells (all as “syntypes” in Richards 1968: 177). Current taxonomic status. Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833 (Palmer and Brann 1966). Acteon punctatus Lea, 1833 Figure 2Q-R Acteon punctatus Lea, 1833: 111, pl. 4, fig. 96. Type locality. Claiborne Bluff, Alabama River, Monroe County, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (upper- most Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP5537, 1 shell (as “holo- type” in Richards 1968: 179, and in Palmer and Brann 1966: 482), ANSP IP5538, 1 shell, ANSP IP5539, 1 shell, ANSP TP5540, 1 shell (as “paratype” in Richards 1968: 179). Current taxonomic status. Valid as Acteon pomilius punc- tatus Lea, 1833 (Palmer and Brann 1966), but possible syn- onym of Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833 (Harris 1895a). Acteon subovoides Whitfield, 1892 Figure 2I-L Actaeon subovoides Whitfield, 1892: 155, pl. 19, figs 14-16. Type locality. New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Lower Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP56166 [also a syntype of Actaeon ovoidea Gabb, 1862]. Current taxonomic status. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862 (Weller 1907, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Acteon subtornatilis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 Figure 2S—-T Acteon subtornatilis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 150. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. zse.pensoft.net 512 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3183 (as “type” in Pils- bry 1922: 310, 431, pl. 23, fig. 15; Richards 1968: 193). Current taxonomic status. Acteon subtornatilis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 (Pilsbry 1922). Genus Nucleopsis Conrad, 1860 Nucleopsis subvaricatus (Conrad, 1860) Figure 3A—B Acteonina subvaricata Conrad, 1860: 294, pl. 47, fig. 22. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP30692 (designation in Palmer 1937: 503, pl. 90, fig. 18; see also Moore 1962: 100, Salvador and Cunha 2016: figs 2A—E); paralecto- types, ANSP IP30693, 2 shells (Richards 1968: 193; Sal- vador and Cunha 2016: figs 2F—G). Type locality. Claiborne, Alabama, USA; stratum: likely Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Current taxonomic status. Nucleopsis subvaricatus (Conrad, 1860) (Salvador and Cunha 2016). Genus Rictaxis Dall, 1871 Rictaxis andersoni (Conrad, 1847) Figure 3C—D Actaeon andersoni Conrad, 1847: 287. Type locality. Vicinity of Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi, USA; stratum: Vicksburg Group; age: Oli- gocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP13411 (Conrad 1848b: 117, pl. 11, fig. 37, Moore 1962: 38, Richards 1968: 100, MacNeil and Dockery 1984: 232, pl. 39, fig. 10). Current taxonomic status. Rictaxis andersoni (Conrad, 1847) (MacNeil and Dockery 1984). Rictaxis oryza (Gabb, 1872) Figure 3E—F Actaeonidea oryza Gabb, 1872: 245. Type locality. Cibao region, Dominican Republic; stra- tum: uncertain [likely either Cercado or Gurabo Forma- tions]; age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP3181 (as “type” in Pilsbry 1922: 310, pl. 23, fig. 12; Richards 1968: 167). Remarks. Type species of genus Actaeonidea Gabb, 1872, by monotypy. Current taxonomic status. Rictaxis oryza (Gabb, 1872) (Pilsbry 1922, Woodring 1970). zse.pensoft.net Genus TJornatellaea Conrad, 1860 Tornatellaea bella Conrad, 1860 Figure 3G—H Tornatellaea bella Conrad, 1860: 294, pl. 47, fig. 23 Type locality. Alabama(?), USA; stratum: uncertain [likely Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group)|; age: Eocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP30691 (designation by Palmer 1937: 502, pl. 90, fig. 21; as “holotype” in Richards 1968: 177; see also Moore 1962: 41, Salvador and Cunha 2016: fig. SIN—O). Remarks. Type species of genus TJornatellaea, by monotypy. Current taxonomic status. 7Zornatellaea bella Conrad, 1860 (Salvador and Cunha 2016). Tornatellaea impressa (Gabb, 1864) Figure 3I—J Acteon impressus Gabb, 1864: 142, pl. 21, fig. 106. Type locality. North fork of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County, California, USA; stratum: uncertain [likely Shas- ta Formation]; age: Early Cretaceous. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4286 (designation by Stewart 1926: 434, pl. 24, fig. 8); paralectotypes, ANSP IP79476, 6 shells (Richards 1968: 144). Current taxonomic status. Tornatellaea (Gabb, 1864) (Anderson 1958). impressa Genus Volvaria Lamarck, 1801 Volvaria reticulata Johnson, 1899 Figure 3K—L Volvaria reticulata Johnson, 1899: 71, pl. 1, fig. 1. Type locality. Moseley’s Ferry, Brazos River, Burleson Co., Texas, USA; stratum: Stone City Beds (middle Clai- borne Group); age: Middle Eocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP6467 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 182). Current taxonomic status. Volvaria reticulata Johnson, 1899 (Palmer and Brann 1966). Family Acteonellidae Gill, 1871 + Genus Acteonella d’ Orbigny, 1843 Acteonella oviformis Gabb, 1869 Figure 3M—N Acteonella oviformis Gabb, 1869: 173, 232, pl. 28, fig. 58. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Spas) Figure 3. Types. A-B. Lectotype of Nucleopsis subvaricatus, H 10.8 mm, ANSP IP30692. C—D. Holotype of Rictaxis andersoni, H 10.5 mm, ANSP IP13411. E-F. Syntype of Rictaxis oryza, H 6.8 mm, ANSP IP3181. G—H. Lectotype of Jornatellaea bella, H 12.5 mm, ANSP IP30691. I-J. Lectotype of Tornatellaea impressa, H 10.7 mm, ANSP IP4286. K-L. Holotype of Volvaria reticulata, H 7.2 mm, ANSP IP6467. M-N. Holotype of Acteonella oviformis, H 42.1 mm, ANSP IP4323. O—P. Syntype of Avellana bullata, H 25.4 mm, ANSP IP289. Q-R. Syntype of Avellana costata, H 4.5 mm, ANSP IP691. S—T. Lectotype of Biplica obliqua, H 9.9 mm, ANSP IP4263. U-V. Lectotype of Biplica mathewsonii, H 11.6 mm, ANSP IP4262. zse.pensoft.net 514 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Type locality. Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County, Cali- fornia, USA; stratum: uncertain [either Shasta or Chico Formations]; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Holotype, ANSP [P4323 (Stewart 1926: 432, pl. 21, fig. 13; Richards 1968: 168). Current taxonomic status. Acteonella oviformis Gabb, 1869 (Anderson 1958). Superfamily Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853 Family Ringiculidae Philippi, 1853 Genus Avellana d@’ Orbigny, 1843 Avellana bullata (Morton, 1834) Figure 30—P Tornitella? bullata Morton, 1834: 48, pl. 5, fig. 3. Type locality. Merchantville, New Jersey, USA; stratum: uncertain [likely Navesink Formation]; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP [P289, 1 shell, ANSP IP19702, 1 shell (as “type” in Whitfield 1892: 163, pl. 20, figs 3-4; Richards 1968: 108; Richards and Ramsdell 1962: 93). Current taxonomic status. Ave//ana bullata (Morton, 1834) (Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Avellana costata (Johnson, 1898) Figure 3Q—-R Cinulia costata Johnson, 1897: 264 [nomen nudum]. Cinulia costata Johnson, 1898: 462, fig. 1. Type locality. Mount Laurel well, New Jersey, USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP [P691, 1 shell, ANSP IP79408, 2 shells (as “type” in Richards and Ramsdell 1962: 94). Current taxonomic status. Avellana costata (Johnson, 1898) (Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Genus Biplica Popenoe, 1957 Biplica obliqua (Gabb, 1864) Figure 3S—T Cinulia obliqua Gabb, 1864: 111, pl. 19, fig. 64. Type locality. Tuscan Springs, Tehama Co., California, USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Late Cretaceous. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4263 (designation by Stewart 1926: 436, pl. 24, fig. 14; see also Richards 1968: 166; Popenoe 1957: 435). zse.pensoft.net Current taxonomic status. Biplica obliqua (Gabb, 1864) (Popenoe 1957). Biplica mathewsonii (Gabb, 1864) Figure 3U-V Cinulia mathewsonii Gabb, 1864: 111, 225, pl. 19, fig. 65. Type locality. Bull’s Head Point, Martinez, California, USA; stratum: uncertain [likely Chico Formation]; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4262 (designation by Stewart 1926: 437, pl. 24, fig. 11). Remarks. Popenoe (1957: 434) points out that Gabb’s material from Bull’s Head Point could represent a non-Cretaceous locality/horizon or be Paleogene material mixed with Gabb’s Cretaceous specimens. Current taxonomic status. Biplica mathewsonii (Gabb, 1864) (Popenoe 1957). Genus Cinulia Gray, 1840 Cinulia naticoides (Gabb, 1860) Figure 4A—B Actaenia naticoides Gabb, 1860c: 299, pl. 48, fig. 2. Type locality. Mullica Hill, New Jersey, USA; stratum: uncertain [likely Navesink Formation]; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP18784, 2 shells (as “type” in Richards 1968: 164). Current taxonomic status. Cinulia naticoides (Gabb, 1860) (Clark 1916, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Cinulia rectilabrum Gabb, 1869 Figure 4C—D Cinulia rectilabrum Gabb, 1869: 264, pl. 35, fig. 10. Type locality. Arivechi, Eastern Sonora, Mexico; stra- tum: uncertain [either Cafiada de Tarachi or El Potrero Grande Units]; age: Late Cretaceous. Type material. Syntype(?), ANSP IP4753 (as “type?” in Richards 1968: 181). Current taxonomic status. Cinulia rectilabrum Gabb, 1869 (Stanton 1947). Genus Ringicula Deshayes, 1838 Ringicula hypograpta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912 Figure 4E—F Ringicula hypograpta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912: 505, text fig. 2. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 515 Figure 4. Types. A-B. Syntype of Cinulia naticoides, H 9.0 mm, ANSP IP18784. C—D. Syntype(?) of Cinulia rectilabrum, H 9.9 mm, ANSP IP4753. E-F. Holotype of Ringicula hypograpta, H 2.0 mm, ANSP IP3841. G—H. Syntype of Ringicula lata, H 15.4 mm, ANSP IP30695. I-J. Lectotype of Ringicula mississippiensis, H 3.7 mm, ANSP IP13414. K—L. Syntype of Ringicula trapaquara, H 2.3 mm, ANSP IP6468. M-N. Lectotype of “Ringicula” varia, H 7.1 mm, ANSP IP4264. O-P. Holotype of Roxania hornii new comb., H 20.1 mm, ANSP [P4232. Type locality. Scott’s locality 3, excavation of the lower locks at Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama; stratum: Gatun For- mation; age: Late Miocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3841 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 143). Current taxonomic status. Ringicula (Ringiculella) semistriata d’Orbigny, 1841 (Woodring 1970). Ringicula lata (Conrad, 1865) Figure 4G—H Actaeon (Nucleopsis) latus Conrad, 1865a: 34. Type locality. Alabama(?), USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Early Eocene(?). Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP30695, 1 shell (as “holotype” in Palmer 1937: 502, Richards 1968: 150; as “probable holotype” in Moore 1962: 69; see also Salva- dor and Cunha 2016: fig. SIK—M). Current taxonomic status. Ringicula lata (Conrad, 1865) (Salvador and Cunha 2016). Ringicula mississippiensis Conrad, 1848 Figure 4I-J Ringicula mississippiensis Conrad, 1848a: 287. Type locality. Dr. Smith’s plantation, 6 miles northeast of Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi, USA; stratum: Vicksburg Group; age: Oligocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP13414 (designa- tion by Moore 1962: 77; as “lectotype” in MacNeil and Dockery 1984: 235, Moore 1962: 77; as “holotype” in Richards 1968: 161); paralectotypes, ANSP IP13415, 8 Shells (as “paratype” in Richards 1968: 161; MacNeil and Dockery 1984: 235; see also Conrad 1848b: 117, pl. Hilksite* 36)! Current taxonomic status. Ringicula (Ringiculella) mis- sissippiensis Conrad, 1848 (MacNeil and Dockery 1984). zse.pensoft.net 516 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Ringicula trapaquara Harris, 1895 Figure 4K—L Ringicula trapaquara Harris, 1895a: 76, pl. 8, fig. 7. Type locality. Moseleys Ferry, Brazos River, Texas; stra- tum: lower Claiborne Formation; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP6468, 8 shells (as R. trapaquaria [sic], “paratype” in Richards 1968: 198). Current taxonomic status. Ringicula trapaquara Har- ris, 1895 (Palmer 1937). Ringicula varia Gabb, 1864 Figure 4M—N Ringicula varia Gabb, 1864: 112, pl. 29, fig. 222a—b. Type locality. Cow Creek, Shasta County, California, USA; stratum: Chico Formation; age: Cretaceous. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4264 (designation by Stewart 1926: 435, pl. 24, fig. 3; see also Richards 1968: 202). Current taxonomic status. Uncertain, as “Ringicula” varia Gabb, 1864 (Stewart 1930). Order Cephalaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 Superfamily Bulloidea Gray, 1827 Family Bullidae Gray, 1827 Genus Roxania Leach, 1847 Roxania hornii (Gabb, 1864), new comb. Figure 40—P Bulla hornii Gabb, 1864: 143, pl. 29, fig. 235. Type locality. Kern County, California, USA; stratum: Tejon Formation; age: Eocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP [P4232 (Stewart 1926: 439, pl. 29, fig. 9; Richards 1968: 142). New taxonomic status. Roxania hornii (Gabb, 1864) new comb. This species was placed in the genus Abderospira Dall, 1898 (e.g., Stewart 1926, Keen and Bentson 1944), which is now considered a synonym of Roxania (Valdés 2008). Genus Bulla Linnaeus, 1758 Bulla macrostoma Gabb, 1860 Figure SA-B Bulla macrostoma Gabb, 1860c: 301, pl. 48, fig. 15. Type locality. Prairie Bluff, Alabama, USA; stratum: un- certain (“white limestone”); age: Cretaceous. zse.pensoft.net Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP30727 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 155). Current taxonomic status. Bulla macrostoma Gabb, 1860 (Stephenson 1914). Genus Bullopsis Conrad, 1858 Bullopsis cretacea Conrad, 1858 Figure 5C—D Bullopsis cretacea Conrad, 1858: 334. Type locality. Owl Creek, near Ripley, Tippah County, Mississippi, USA; stratum: “dark gray sandy marl” (Owl Creek Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Holotype, IPANSP 18924 (Conrad 1860: pl. 46, fig. 27; as “type” in Richards 1968: 120). Current taxonomic status. Bullopsis cretacea Conrad, 1858 (Stephenson 1955, Sohl 1964). Family Retusidae Thiele, 1925 Genus Retusa Brown, 1827 Retusa biforis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 Figure SE—F Retusa biforis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151 Type locality. Dominican Republic. Type stratum: “San- to Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Forma- tions); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3192 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 106). Current taxonomic status. Retusa biforis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 (Pilsbry 1922). Retusa sulcata fossilis Pilsbry, 1922 Retusa sulcata var. fossilis Pilsbry 1922: 311. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Holotype and paratypes, ANSP IP3186 (3 shells; lost). Current taxonomic status. Uncertain, likely valid as Re- tusa sulcata fossilis Pilsbry, 1922. Retusa galba (Conrad, 1833) Figure SG—H Volvaria galba Conrad, 1833a: 34, pl. 18, fig. 2. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Figure 5. Types. A—B. Holotype of Bulla macrostoma, H 26.2 mm, ANSP IP30727. C—D. Holotype of Bullopsis cretacea, H 18.0 mm, ANSP IP18924. E—F. Holotype of Retusa biforis, H 2.9 mm, ANSP IP3192. G. Paralectotype of Retusa galba, H 14.3 mm, ANSP IP53816. H. Lectotype of Retusa galba, H 15.0 mm, ANSP IP30548. I-J. Lectotype of Retusa sthillairii, H 14.0 mm, ANSP IP5486. K. Syntype of Retusa subspissa, H 4.8 mm, ANSP IP30641. L. Holotype of Volvulella cylichnoides, H 4.2 mm, ANSP IP3177. M-N. Syntype of Volvulella cylindrica, H 4.7 mm, ANSP IP3179. Type locality. Claiborne Bluff, Alabama River, Monroe County, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (upper- most Claiborne Group); age: Middle Eocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP30548 (designa- tion by Palmer and Brann 1966: 878; as “lectotype?” in Moore 1962: 62); paralectotypes, ANSP IP53816, 3 Shells, ANSP IP53817, 1 shell, ANSP IP30549, 8 shells (all as “probable syntypes” in Richards 1968: 136). Current taxonomic status. Retusa (Cylichnina) galba (Conrad, 1833) (Palmer and Brann 1966). Retusa sthillairii (Lea, 1833) Figure 5I—J Bulla St. Hillairii Lea, 1833: 98, pl. 4, fig. 78. Type locality. Monroe Co., Claiborne Bluff, Alabama, USA; stratum: Gosport Sand (uppermost Claiborne Group); age: Eocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP5486, 1 shell (des- ignation by Palmer 1937: 481; as “holotype” in Palmer and Brann 1966: 878); paralectotypes, ANSP IP5487, 1 shell, ANSP IP5488, 1 shell, ANSP IP5489, 1 shell, ANSP IP5490, 1 shell, ANSP IP5491, 1 shell, ANSP IP5487, 1 shell (all [including ANSP IP5486] as “types” in Richards 1968: 191). Current taxonomic status. Retusa galba (Conrad, 1833) (Palmer and Brann 1966). Retusa subspissa (Conrad, 1846) Figure 5K Bulla subspissa Conrad, 1846: 20, pl. 1, fig. 29. Type locality. Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA; stratum: Calvert Formation; age: Miocene. Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP30641, 1 shell (as “probable holotype” in Moore 1962: 100; as “type?” in Richards 1968: 193). Current taxonomic status. Retusa subspissa (Conrad, 1846), but possible synonym of Retusa conulus (De- shayes, 1824) (Martin 1904). Family Rhizoridae Dell, 1952 Genus Volvulella Newton, 1891 Volvulella cylichnoides (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917) Figure 5L Volvula cylichnoides Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. zse.pensoft.net 518 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3177 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 121); paratype, ANSP IP79027, 1 shell. Current taxonomic status. Vo/lvulella cylichnoides (Pils- bry & Johnson, 1917), but could be a synonym of Retusa yaquensis Maury, 1917 (Pilsbry 1922). Volvulella cylindrica (Gabb, 1872) Figure SM—N Volvula cylindrica Gabb, 1872: 246 [non Carpenter, 1865; non E.A. Smith, 1871]. Type locality. Dominican Republic; type stratum: uncer- tain [likely either Cercado or Gurabo Formations]; age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP3179, 1 shell (as “type” in Richards 1968: 121). Current taxonomic status. Volvulella persimilis (Morch, 1875) (Dall 1889, Pilsbry 1922). Volvulella micratracta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912 Figure 6A Volvulella micratracta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912: 504, text fig. 1. Type locality. Scott’s locality 3, excavation of the lower locks at Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama; stratum: Gatun For- mation; age: Late Miocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3842 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 158). Current taxonomic status. Volvulella_ micratracta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912 (Woodring 1970). Volvulella minutissima (Gabb, 1860), new comb. Figure 6B Volvula minutissima Gabb, 1860b: 386-387, pl. 67, fig. 52. Type locality. Caldwell County, Texas, USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP13267, 1 shell (as “type” in Richards 1968: 159). New taxonomic status. Volvulella minutissima (Gabb, 1860), new comb. Harris (1895b) considered the species valid. The genus Volvulella Newton, 1891 is a replace- ment name for Volvula A. Adams, 1850 non Gistel, 1848 (Valdés 2008). Volvulella ornata (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917) Figure 6C—D Volvula ornata Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. zse.pensoft.net Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3178 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 167); paratypes, ANSP IP81665, 6 shells. Remarks. Pilsbry and Johnson (1917) did not clearly indi- cate which one of their specimens is the holotype, merely indicating the presence of a “Type”. Judging by the con- ventions used elsewhere in their paper, we here consider the holotype to be the specimen measured by these authors. Besides the holotype, Pilsbry and Johnson (1917) men- tioned seven specimens, one of which is presently missing. Current taxonomic status. Volvulella ornata (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917) (Pilsbry 1922). Volvulella parallela (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917) Figure 6E Volvula parallela Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3188 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 169); paratypes, ANSP IP79026, 2 shells. Current taxonomic status. Volvulella cylindrica paral- lela (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917) (Woodring 1970). Volvulella tritica (Olsson & Harbison, 1953) Figure 6F Volvula tritica Olsson & Harbison, 1953: 163, pl. 25, figs 3—3a. Type locality. St. Petersburg, Pinellas County, Florida, USA; stratum: North St. Petersburg Beds; age: Plio-Pleistocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP19104:; paratypes, ANSP IP79270, 2 shells (all as “types” in Richards 1968: 199). Current taxonomic status. Volvulella tritica (Olsson & Harbison, 1953) (Portell and Kittle 2010). Superfamily Haminoeoidea Pilsbry, 1895 Family Haminoeidae Pilsbry, 1895 Genus Atys Montfort, 1810 Atys cinctorii Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 Figure 6G Abys cinctorii Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 152. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 519 Figure 6. Types. A. Holotype of Volvulella micratracta, H 1.5 mm, ANSP IP3842. B. Syntype of Volvulella minutissima new comb., H 2.3 mm, ANSP IP13267. C—D. Holotype of Volvulella ornata, H 3.2 mm, ANSP IP3178. E. Holotype of Volvulella parallela, H 2.1 mm, ANSP IP3188. F. Holotype of Volvulella tritica, H 4.1 mm, ANSP IP19104. G. Holotype of Atys cinctorii, H 2.6 mm, ANSP IP3185. H. Syntype of Atvs sulculorum, H 2.5 mm, ANSP IP3317. I-J. Syntype of Cylichna cylindrus, H 4.7 mm, ANSP IP1554. K. Syntype of Cylichna dekayi, H 5.0 mm, ANSP IP6008. L. Syntype of Cylichna kellogii, H 5.7 mm, ANSP IP13266. M. Holotype of Cylichna recta, H 8.0 mm, ANSP IP18782. N. Syntype of Bulla occidentalis, H 10.0 mm, ANSP IP17139. O-P. Lectotype of Cylichna costata, H 16.0 mm, ANSP IP4338. Q-R. Syntype of Acteon sculptus, H 1.9 mm, ANSP IP1515. S. Syntype of Acteon milium, H 2.1 mm, ANSP IP1520. T. Holotype of Acteon angulatus, H 2.4 mm, ANSP IP1521. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP3185 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 113). Current taxonomic status. Atys cinctorii Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 (Pilsbry 1922). Atys sulculorum Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 Figure 6H Atys sulculorum Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 152. Type locality. Dominican Republic; stratum: “Santo Domingan Beds” (either Cercado or Gurabo Formations); age: Miocene/Pliocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP3317, 2 shells (as “type” in Richards 1968: 194). Current taxonomic status. Atys doliolum (Maury, 1917) (Woodring 1970). Superfamily Cylichnoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 Family Cylichnidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 Genus Cylichna Lovén, 1846 Cylichna cylindrus (Lea, 1846) Figure 6I-J Bulla cylindrus Lea, 1846: 250-251, pl. 35, fig. 43. Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia, USA; stratum: Yorktown Formation; age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP1554, 1 shell (Gardner 1948: 279, pl. 38, fig. 27; as “type” in Richards 1968: 122), ANSP IP79382, 1 shell (Gardner 1948: 279, pl. 38, fig. 28). zse.pensoft.net 520 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Current taxonomic status. Cylichna cylindrus (Lea, 1846) (Gardner 1948). Cylichna dekayi (Lea, 1833) Figure 6K Bulla dekayi Lea, 1833: 200, pl. 6, 215. Type locality. Claiborne, Alabama, USA; stratum: Clai- borne Group; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP6007, 1 shell (as “ho- lotype” in Richards 1968: 123), ANSP IP6008, 1 shell (as “paratype” in Richards 1968: 123). Current taxonomic status. Cylichna (Mnestia) dekayi (Lea, 1833) (Glibert 1962). Cylichna kellogii (Gabb, 1860) Figure 6L Bulla kellogii Gabb, 1860b: 386, pl. 67, fig. 50. Type locality. Texas, USA; stratum: uncertain; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntype, ANSP IP13266, 1 shell (as “type” in Richards 1968: 148). Current taxonomic status. Cylichna (Acrotrema) kel- logii (Gabb, 1860) (Gardner 1945). Cylichna recta (Gabb, 1860) Figure 6M Bulla recta Gabb, 1860c: 303, pl. 48, fig. 16. Type locality. Burlington County, New Jersey, USA; stratum: “Lower Green Marls” (Navesink Formation); age: Cretaceous. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP18782 (as “type” in Richards 1968: 181). Current taxonomic status. Cylichna recta (Gabb, 1860) (Wade 1926, Richards and Ramsdell 1962). Superfamily Philinoidea Gray, 1850 Family Philinidae Gray, 1850 Genus Philine Ascanius, 1772 Philine gabbi Cossmann, 1895 Philine (Megistostoma) gabbi Cossmann, 1895: 127. Type locality. Martinez, California, USA; stratum: un- certain; age: Eocene. zse.pensoft.net Type material. Syntypes ANSP IP4216 (of M. striatum Gabb, 1864), 2 shells (lost). Remarks. This was a new name for Megistostoma stri- atum Gabb, 1864, when transferred to the genus Philine [non striata Deshayes, 1824]. However, the name P. gab- biana (Stoliczka, 1868) has precedence over it (see below). Current taxonomic status. Philine (Megistostoma) gab- biana (Stoliczka, 1868) (Keen and Bentson 1944). Philine gabbiana Stoliczka, 1868 Bullaea Gabbiana Stoliczka, 1868: 434. Type locality. Martinez, California, USA; stratum: un- certain; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes ANSP IP4216 (of M. striatum Gabb, 1864), 2 shells (lost). Remarks. This was coined as a new name for Megis- tostoma striatum Gabb, 1864, when transferred to the genus Bullaea Lamarck, 1801 [non striata Deshayes]. Bullaea is presently considered a synonym of Philine. Current taxonomic status. Philine (Megistostoma) gab- biana (Stoliczka, 1868) (Keen and Bentson 1944). Megistostoma striatum Gabb, 1864 Megistostoma striata [sic] Gabb, 1864: 144, 229, pl. 21, fig. 108. Type locality. Martinez, California, USA; stratum: un- certain; age: Eocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP [P4216 (lost), 2 shells (Stewart 1926: 442: pl. 26, fig. 2; as “holotype” and “paratype” in Keen and Bentson 1944: 170; as “holo- types” in Richards 1968: 191). Remarks. Type species of Megistostoma Gabb, 1864. The correct epithet is striatum (not striata), since the end- ing -stoma is neuter. Current taxonomic status. Philine (Megistostoma) gab- biana (Stoliczka, 1868) (Keen and Bentson 1944), new name for M. striatum Gabb, 1864 (see above). Family Scaphandridae G.O. Sars, 1878 Genus Ellipsoscapha Stephenson, 1941 Ellipsoscapha mortoni (Forbes, 1845) Bulla mortoni Forbes, 1845: 63, fig. A. Type locality. New Jersey, USA; stratum: uncertain [like- ly Navesink Formation]; age: Cretaceous. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Type material. Holotype not found; could be in Charles Lyell’s fossil collections (John Sime, pers. comm.), presently in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) and Oxford University Museum of Natural Histo- ry (Oxford, UK). Current taxonomic status. Ellipsoscapha mortoni (Forbes, 1845) (Richards and Ramsdell 1962, Sohl 1964). Ellipsoscapha occidentalis (Meek & Hayden, 1856) Figure 6N Bulla occidentalis Meek & Hayden, 1856 (non A. Adams, 1850): 69. Type locality. Yellowstone River (150 miles above its mouth), near Glendive, Montana, USA; stratum: Pierre Shale; age: Late Cretaceous. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP17139, 2 shells. Current taxonomic status. E/lipsoscapha occidenta- lis (Meek & Hayden, 1856) (Sohl 1967). Substitution of the junior primary homonym is not mandatory if the conditions of Article 23.9.5 ICZN (1999) are met, but a request for a ruling of the Commission under its plenary powers to validate the junior homonymous name would be necessary. Genus Scaphander Montfort, 1810 Scaphander costatus (Gabb, 1864) Figure 60—P Cylichna costata Gabb, 1864: 143, pl. 2, fig. 107. Type locality. Martinez, Contra Costa County, Califor- nia, USA; stratum: Tejon Formation s. |.; age: Eocene. Type material. Lectotype, ANSP IP4338 (designation by Stewart 1926: 437, pl. 27, fig. 3; see also Richards 1968: 118); paralectotypes, ANSP IP79477, 8 shells. Remarks. Type species of subgenus Mirascapha Stew- art. “L927. Current taxonomic status. Scaphander (Mirascapha) costatus (Gabb, 1864) (Squires 1984). Species transferred to other gastropod groups Here are listed the species (with type material in the ANSP collection) that were originally classified in “Ar- chitectibranchia” and Cephalaspidea, but that actually do not belong to them. Some of them have already un- dergone taxonomical revision and are listed concisely in Table 1, while others are reclassified below. 521 Panpulmonata Superfamily Pyramidelloidea Gray, 1840 Family Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 Genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 Chrysallida sculpta (Lea, 1846), new comb. Figure 6Q—R Acteon sculptus Lea, 1846: 257, pl. 36, fig. 59. Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia, USA; stratum: Yorktown Formation; age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP1515, 2 shells (as “types” in Richards 1968: 186). Taxonomical reassessment. This species is better clas- sified in the genus Chrysallida due to the following con- chological features (Robba 2013): a weak or absent col- umellar fold, teleoconch sculpture consisting of collabral ribs and spiral cords of similar strength. Most species of Chrysallida are strongly sculptured, as the present spec- imens, with the ribs forming nodes where crossing the spiral cords and tending to fade away near the base. Genus Odostomia Fleming, 1813 Odostomia milium (Lea, 1846), new comb. Figure 6S Acteon milium Lea, 1846: 257, pl. 36, fig. 61. Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virgin- ia, USA. Type stratum: Yorktown Formation. Age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Syntypes, ANSP IP1520, 1 shell, ANSP IP79385, 1 shell (lost, not found in the vial). Taxonomical reassessment. This species 1s better classified in the genus Odostomia due to the following conchologi- cal features (Robba 2013): verall ovate-conical shell with moderately convex whorls, suture with a blunt subsutural margin, slit-like umbilicus, and prominent columellar fold. Genus Pyrgulina A. Adams, 1863 Pyrgulina angulata (Lea, 1846), new comb. Figure 6T Acteon angulatus Lea, 1846: 256, pl. 36, fig. 57. Type locality. Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virgin- ia, USA. Type stratum: Yorktown Formation. Age: Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Type material. Holotype, ANSP IP1521. Taxonomical reassessment. This species is better clas- sified in the genus Pyrgulina due to the following con- chological features (Robba 2013): elongated (somewhat zse.pensoft.net 522 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... Table 1. Species (with type material in the ANSP collection) that were originally classified in Architectibranchia and Cephalaspidea, but that after revision were reclassified in other groups. The species are arranged in alphabetical order of the specific epithets, with information on their original description, type specimens in the ANSP collection, current taxonomic status, and references of such status. Abbreviations: Hol = holotype; Lec = lectotype; Pal = Paralectotype(s); Par = paratype(s); Syn = syntype(s). Original description calafia, “Acteonina” Stewart, Type material ANSP Current taxonomic status Reference(s) Squires and Saul 1926: 432, pl. 21, fig. 12 4287 (Hol) Paosia Calafia (Stewart, 1926) Pseudomelaniidae (2004) californica, Acteonina Gabb, ag ‘. Squires and Saul 1864: 128, pl. 29, fig. 230a-b A259 (Pal) Paosia californica (Gabb, 1864) Pseudomelaniidae 5004 curta, Globiconcha Gabb, 1862: 319 elevatus, Acteon Lea, 1833: 113, pl. 4, fig. 98 globosus, Acteon Lea, 1846: 255, pl. 36, fig. 55 31393 (Hol) Tylostoma elevatum (Shumard, 1853) Tylostomatidae Stanton (1947) \j, 5545 (Lec); 5546 to 5549 (Pal 1518 (Syn) ; ane Palmer (1937), Palmer Pyramidella larvata Conrad, 1833 Pyramidellidae and BranincLO6G Iselica globosa (Lea, 1846) Amathinidae Lee (2015) granulatus, Acteon Lea, 1846: 255, pl. 36, fig. 54 1533 (Syn) Odostomia granulatus (Lea, 1846) Pyramidellidae Holmes (1860) laevis, Actaeon Lea, 1841: 94, pl. 1, fig. 4 linteus, Solidulus Conrad, 1858: 334, pl. 35, fig. 10 magnoplicatus, Acteon Lea, 1841: 94, pl. 1, fig. 5 melanellus, Acteon Lea, 1833: 113, pl. 4, fig. 99 lost (Hol) lost (Hol) Eoacteon linteus (Conrad, 1858) 13158 (Hol) 5550:¢Lec), 5551 to 5557 (Pal) Odostomia laevis (Lea, 1847) Pyramidellidae Palmer (1937) Stephenson (1955), Sohl (1964 Pyramidellidae Palmer (1937) Palmer (1937) Odostomia (Evalea) melanella (Lea, 1833 Odostomia (Evalea) melanella (Lea, 1833) Pyramidellidae pygmaeus, ?Acteon Lea, 1833: VIA, ipl. 4, fig, VO) 5559 (Hol) Pyramidella larvata Conrad, 1833 Palmer (1937), Palmer Pyramidellidae and Brann (1966) simplex, Acteon Lea, 1843: 8 1519 (Syn) striatus, Acteon Lea, 1833% U4, le, te 100 turbinatus, Acteon Lea, 1843: 256, pl. 36, fig. 56 5558 (Hol) 1522 (Syn) turreted) conical shell, convex whorls, distinct subsutural shelf, deep suture, preence of a columellar fold present, teleoconch sculpture consisting of axial ribs (including on the base) overridden by spiral threads. Campbell (1993: 68) considers Acteon angulatus Lea 1846 a synonym of Melanella angulata (Lea, 1846) (Eu- limidae), which is clearly not the case. The present spe- cies lacks the diagnostic conchological features of the latter genus (and of eulimids in general), such as: a high Spire, a smooth teleoconch with fine axial marks, and the absence of a columellar fold (Warén 1984, Geiger 2016). List of taxa by species-group names Here is presented a list of the species whose types can be found in the ANSP collection, arranged alphabetically by specific epithet. Species appear first in their original generic allocation and then in their current systematic po- sition. An “*” after the specific epithet indicates that the type material is lost. andersoni, Actaeon Conrad, 1848a: 287. Rictaxis ander- soni (Conrad, 1848). Acteonidae. bella, Tornatellaea Conrad, 1860: 294. Tornatellaea bel- la Conrad, 1860. Acteonidae. biforis, Retusa Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Acteon ga- bbana Whitfield, 1892. Retusidae. biplicata, Acteonina Gabb, 1860a: 93. Acteocina canali- culata (Say, 1826). Acteonidae. zse.pensoft.net Odostomia simplex (Lea, 1843) Odostomia (Evalea) melanella alveata Lea, 1833 Odostomia turbinatus (Lea, 1846) Pyramidellidae tes sd ae aaa 17 cs Ward and Blackwelder Pyramidellidae 1987 rar Palmer (1937), Palmer Pyramidellidae arcbERaRnt OGG bullata, Tornitella? Morton, 1834: 48. Avellana bullata (Morton, 1834). Ringiculidae. calafia, “Acteonina” Stewart, 1926: 432. Paosia cala- fia (Stewart, 1926). Pseudomelaniidae. cederstromi, Acteocina Richards, 1947. Acteocina can- dei (d’ Orbigny, 1841). Acteocinidae. chowanensis, Acteocina Richards, 1947: 34. Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1826). Acteocinidae. cinctorii, Atys Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 152. Atys cincto- rii Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917. Haminoeidae. costata, Cinulia Johnson, 1898: 462. Avellana costata (Johnson, 1898). Ringiculidae. costata, Cylichna Gabb, 1864: 143. Scaphander (Miras- capha) costatus (Gabb, 1864). Scaphandridae. costellatus* , Acteon Conrad, 1833b: 45. Status uncertain. Acteonidae. crassiplica, Bulla Conrad, 1848a: 282. Acteocina cras- siplica (Conrad, 1848). Bullidae. cretacea, Acteon Gabb, 1862: 318. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862. Acteonidae. cretacea, Bullopsis Conrad, 1858: 334. Bullopsis creta- cea Conrad, 1858. Bullidae. cylichnoides, Volvula Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Volvulella cylichnoides (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917). Rhizoridae. cylindrica, Volvula Gabb, 1872: 246 [non Carpenter, 1865]. Volvulella persimilis (Mirch, 1875). Rhizori- dae. Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 cylindrus, Bulla Lea, 1846: 250. Cylichna cylindrus (Lea, 1846). Cylichnidae. dekayi, Bulla Lea, 1833: 200. Cylichna (Mnestia) dekayi (Lea, 1833). Cylichnidae. elegans, Monoptygma Lea, 1833: 203. Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833. Acteonidae. forbesiana, Actaeon Whitfield, 1892: 157. Acteon creta- cea Gabb, 1862. Acteonidae fossilis*, Retusa sulcata Pilsbry, 1922: 311. Retusa sul- cata fossilis Pilsbry, 1922. Retusidae. gabbana, Actaeon Whitfield, 1892: 156. Acteon gabbana Whitfield, 1892. Acteonidae. gabbi, Philine (Megistostoma) Cossmann, 1895: 127. Philine (Megistostoma) gabbiana (Stoliczka, 1868). Philinidae. gabbiana, Bullaea Stoliczka, 1868: 434. Philine (Megis- tostoma) gabbiana (Stoliczka, 1868). Philinidae. galba, Volvaria Conrad, 1833a: 34. Retusa galba (Con- rad, 1833). Retusidae. glans, Acteon Lea, 1846: 256. Acteon glans Lea, 1846. Acteonidae. hornii, Bulla Gabb, 1864: 143. Roxania hornii (Gabb, 1864) new comb. Scaphandridae. hypograpta, Ringicula Brown & Pilsbry, 1912: 505. Rin- gicula (Ringiculella) semistriata d’Orbigny, 1841. Ringiculidae. idoneus, Acteon Conrad, 1833b: 45. Acteon idoneus Conrad, 1833. Acteonidae impressus, Acteon Gabb, 1864: 142. Tornatellaea im- pressa (Gabb, 1864). Acteonidae. kirkwoodiana, Acteocina Richards & Harbison, 1944: 9. Acteocina kirkwoodiana Richards & Harbison, 1944, Acteocinidae. kellogii, Bulla Gabb, 1860b: 386. Cylichna (Acrotrema) kellogii (Gabb, 1860). Cylichnidae. latus, Actaeon (Nucleopsis) Conrad, 1865a: 34. Ringicu- la lata (Conrad, 1865). Ringiculidae. lineatus, Acteon Lea, 1833: 112. Acteon idoneus Con- rad, 1833. Acteonidae. macrostoma, Bulla Gabb, 1860c: 301. Bulla macrosto- ma Gabb, 1860. Bullidae. mathewsonii, Cinulia Gabb, 1864: 111. Biplica mathew- sonii (Gabb, 1864). Ringiculidae. micratracta, Volvulella Brown & Pilsbry, 1912. Volvule- lla micratracta Brown & Pilsbry, 1912. Rhizoridae. minutissima, Volvula Gabb, 1860b: 386. Volvulella minutissima (Gabb, 1860) new comb. Rhizoridae. mississippiensis, Ringicula Conrad, 1848a: 287. Ringic- ula (Ringiculella) mississippiensis Conrad, 1848. Ringiculidae. modicellus*, Actaeon Conrad, 1860: 287. Acteon modi- cellus Conrad, 1860. Acteonidae. mortoni*, Bulla Forbes, 1845: 63. Haminoea mortoni Forbes, 1845. Haminoeidae. naticoides, Actaenia Gabb, 1860c: 299. Cinulia nati- coides (Gabb, 1860). Ringiculidae. nitens, Acteon Lea, 1846. Acteon nitens Lea, 1846. Acteonidae. 523 novellus, Acteon Conrad, 1834: 142. Acteon novellus Conrad, 1834. Acteonidae. obliqua, Cinulia Gabb, 1864: 111. Biplica obliqua (Gabb, 1864). Ringiculidae occidentalis, Bulla Meek & Hayden, 1856: 69. Ellip- soscapha occidentalis (Meek & Hayden, 1856). Scaphandridae. ornata, Volvula Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Volvulella ornata (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917). Rhizoridae. oryza, Acteonidea Gabb, 1872: 245. Rictaxis oryza (Gabb, 1872). Acteonidae. oviformis, Acteonella Gabb, 1869: 173. Acteonella ovi- formis Gabb, 1869. Acteonellidae. ovoidea, Actaeon Gabb, 1862: 319. Acteon cretacea Gabb, 1862. Acteonidae. parallela, Volvula Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 151. Vol- vulella cylindrica parallela (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917). Rhizoridae. polita, Ringinella Gabb, 1869: 174. Acteon politus (Gabb, 1869). Acteonidae. pomilius, Acteon Conrad, 1833b: 45. Acteon pomilius Conrad, 1833. Acteonidae. punctatus, Acteon Lea, 1833: 111. Acteon pomilius punctatus Lea, 1833. Acteonidae. puruha, Acteocina Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 13. Acteo- cina puruha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. Acteocinidae. recta, Bulla Gabb, 1860c: 303. Cylichna recta (Gabb, 1860). Cylichnidae. rectilabrum, Cinulia Gabb, 1869: 264. Cinulia rectila- brum (Gabb, 1869). Ringiculidae. reticulata, Volvaria Johnson, 1899: 71. Volvaria reticula- ta Johnson, 1899. Acteonidae. sthillairii, Bulla Lea, 1833: 98. Retusa (Cylichnina) gal- ba (Conrad, 1833). Retusidae. striata, Megistostoma Gabb, 1864: 144. Philine (Megis- tostoma) gabbiana (Stoliczka, 1868). Philinidae. subbullata, Acteocina Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 150. Ac- teocina bullata (Kiener, 1834). Acteocinidae. subovoides, Actaeon Whitfield, 1892: 155. Acteon creta- cea Gabb, 1862. Acteonidae. subspissa, Bulla Conrad, 1846: 20. Retusa subspissa (Conrad, 1846). Retusidae. subtornatilis, Acteon Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 150. Acteon subtornatilis Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917. Acteonidae. subvaricata, Acteonina Conrad, 1860: 294. Nucleopsis subvaricatus (Conrad, 1860). Acteonidae. sulculorum, Atys Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 152. Atys do- liolum (Maury, 1917). Haminoeidae. trapaquara, Ringicula Harris, 1895a: 76. Ringicula tra- paquara (Harris, 1895a). Ringiculidae. tritica, Volvula Olsson & Harbison, 1953: 163. Volvulella tritica (Olsson & Harbison, 1953). Rhizoridae. varia, Ringicula Gabb, 1864: 112. Ringicula varia Gabb, 1864. Ringiculidae. weatherlli, Acteon Lea, 1833: 213. Acteocina canalicu- lata (Say, 1826). Acteocinidae. zse.pensoft.net 524 Cunha, M.C. & Salvador, R.B.: Type specimens of fossil “Architectibranchia”... List of taxa by authorship Johnson, C. W. Here the list of types is arranged by author (alphabetical- 1898 costata, Cinulia ly) and date; see “References” section for full citation. 1898 reticulata, Volvaria Species appear in their original generic allocation; see text for current systematic status and placement. An “*” Lea, H. C. indicates that the type material is lost. Brown, A. P. & Pilsbry, H. A. 1912 hypograpta, Ringicula 1912 micratracta, Volvulella Conrad, T. A. 1833a galba, Volvaria 1833b costellatus, Acteon* 1833b idoneus, Acteon 1833b pomilius, Acteon 1834 novellus, Acteon 1846 subspissa, Bulla 1848a andersoni, Actaeon 1848a crassiplica, Bulla 1848a mississippiensis, Ringicula 1858 cretacea, Bullopsis 1860 bella, Tornatellaea 1860 modicellus, Actaeon* 1860 subvaricata, Acteonina 1865a latus, Actaeon (Nucleopsis) Cossmann, M. 1895 gabbi, Philine (Megistostoma) Forbes, E. 1845 mortoni, Bulla* Gabb, W. M. 1860a biplicata, Acteonina 1860b kellogii, Bulla 1860b minutissima, Volvula 1860c macrostoma, Bulla 1860c naticoides, Actaenia 1860c recta, Bulla 1862 cretacea, Acteon 1862 curta, Globiconcha 1862 ovoidea, Actaeon 1864 costata, Cylichna 1864 hornii, Bulla 1864 impressus, Acteon 1864 mathewsonii, Cinulia 1864 obliqua, Cinulia 1864 striata, Megistostoma 1864 varia, Ringicula 1869 oviformis, Acteonella 1869 polita, Ringinella 1869 rectilabrum, Cinulia 1873 cylindrica, Volvula 1873 oryza, Acteonidea Harris, G. D. 1895a trapaquara, Ringicula zse.pensoft.net 1846 cylindrus, Bulla 1846 glans, Acteon 1846 nitens, Acteon Lea, I. 1833 dekayi, Bulla 1833 elegans, Monoptygma 1833 lineatus, Acteon 1833 punctatus, Acteon 1833 sthillairii, Bulla 1833 weatherlli, Acteon Meek, F. B. & Hayden, F. V. 1856 occidentalis, Bulla Morton, S. G. 1834 bullata, Tornitella? Olsson, A. A. & Harbison, A. 1953 tritica, Volvula Pilsbry, H. A. 1922 fossilis, Retusa sulcata* Pilsbry, H. A. & Johnson, C. W. 1917 biforis, Retusa 1917 cinctorii, Atys 1917 cylichnoides, Volvula 1917 ornata, Volvula 1917 parallela, Volvula 1917 subbullata, Acteocina 1917 subtornatilis, Acteon 1917 sulculorum, Atys Pilsbry, H. A. & Olsson, A. A. 1941 puruha, Acteocina Richards, H. G. 1947 cederstromi, Acteocina 1947 chowanensis, Acteocina Richards, H. G. & Harbison, A. 1944 kirkwoodiana, Acteocina Stoliczka, F. 1868 gabbiana, Bullaea Whitfield, R. P. 1892 forbesiana, Actaeon 1982 gabbana, Actaeon 1982 subovoides, Actaeon Zoosyst. Evol. 94 (2) 2018, 505-527 Acknowledgements We are deeply grateful to Francisco Borrero and Paul Callomon (ANSP) for helping with images; to Gary Rosenberg (ANSP) for helping with nomenclature; to John Sime (ANSP) for helping with curatorial matters; to Cathy Buckwalter and Alexandria Capone (ANSP) for helping in tracking down some of the old literature; and to Paul Callomon (ANSP), Alexander Nitzel (Bayerische Staatssammlung fiir Palaontologie und Geologie, Germa- ny) and Luiz R. L. Simone (Museu de Zoologia da Uni- versidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil) for the helpful comments that greatly improved this article. The comprehensive coverage of crucial literature associated with this study was only possible due to initiatives facilitating online open-access to older scientific works, most notably the Biodiversity Heritage Library and the Internet Archive projects. This work was partly supported by a doctoral grant from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvi- mento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil) to R.B.S. (proc. #245575/2012-0) and a post-doc grant from CAPES (Co- ordenacao de Aperfeig¢oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Supe- rior, Brazil) to C.M.C. (proc. #8739/13-7). References Anderson FM (1958) Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast. 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