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JHR 63: 15-32 (2018) JOURNAL OF *r#erdcnnscloen
doi: |0.3897/jhr.63.2367 | (ME Hymenopter a

http://jhr.pensoft.net The Insertional Society of ymenoptersts. RESEARCH

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster
(Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan

Yoto Komeda', Toshiharu Mita’, Kenzo Yamagishi?

| Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu Universi-
ty, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan 2 Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan 3 Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,
Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya, 468-8502 Japan

Corresponding author: Yoto Komeda (kome123k123@gmail.com)

Academic editor: P Jansta | Received 16 January 2018 | Accepted 25 March 2018 | Published 30 April 2018
Attp://zoobank. org/F446E760-99FE-499D-AF5E-BF298735A6C6

Citation: Komeda Y, Mita T, Yamagishi K (2018) Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera,
Scelionidae) from Japan. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.63.2367 1

Abstract
Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster, 7) coriaceus sp. n., T) granulatus sp. n., and
T. haniyasu sp. n. were described from Japan. Keys to species of Eastern Palearctic brachypterous

Trimorus and Japanese male of Trimorus are provided.

Keywords

Taxonomy, Teleasinae, East Asia

Introduction

The genus Trimorus Forster, 1856 is one of the largest genus in Scelionidae, comprising
389 species (Johnson 2018). Among Scelionidae, the brachypterous females are some-
what common, especially of spider egg parasitoids. Females of Baeus Haliday, 1833 are
always apterous, although males have developed wings. In /dris Foester, 1856, females
of some species have shortened wings, however, others species are macropterous. Wing
polymorphisms are reported in some heteropterous egg parasitoids (e.g. Gryonini Sz-
abd, 1966 and Telenomini Thomson, 1860 (Kononova and Kozlov 2001)). Brachyp-

Copyright Yoto Komeda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

16 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

teries in these genera are results of adaptation for their habitats; most of them live
and seach their host in soils or under litters. Also, among Trimorus, egg parasitoids of
Carabidae (Masner 1975) and Staphylinidae (Staniec 2005) (Coleoptera), brachyptery
is also known in 67 species (Kieffer 1926; Dodd 1930; Nixon 1936; Fouts 1948; Gra-
ham 1984; Buhl 1998; Kozlov and Kononova 2007: see also Suppl. material 1). Kieffer
(1926) reported 34 brachypterous Trimorus (mainly Hoplogryon Ashmead at that time)
from Europe, North America, and Africa. Dodd (1930) described five brachypterous
species from Australia. Kononova and Kozlov (2001) recognized 11 brachypterous spe-
cies from the Palearctic region mainly in Europe and the Russian Far East. However,
no species are recorded from East Asia. In the present study, we describe three new
brachypterous species from central Honshu Island and Kyushu Island, Japan.

Methods

Specimens examined in the present study have been deposited in collections of the
Entomological Laboratory of Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (ELKU) and En-
tomological Laboratory of Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (ELMU). ‘The following
abbreviations were used for collecting methods: EmT — emergence trap, MT — Malaise
trap, PT — pitfall trap, and YPT — yellow pan trap.

Photos were taken by Canon MP-E65mm micro lens mounted on Canon EOS
60D, combined by CombineZM, and processed in GIMP 2.8.14. SEM images were
taken by Hitachi S-3000N.

Morphological terminology and measurements follow Masner (1980), Miké et al.
(2007, 2010), and Komeda et al. (2016). The description of surface sculpture follows
Eady (1968) and Harris (1979). Abbreviations used for additional measurements are
mainly as Miko et al. (2010), and some additional abbreviations as : A2—6 — length of
female antennomere 2—6, A5L — length of male antennomere 5, A5W — apical width
of male antennomere 5, and ty — length of tyloid.

Taxonomy

Trimorus coriaceus sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/AG761D41-4A05-486D-B221-46167ADCE361
Figs 1; 4

Diagnosis. Female. Frons coriaceous. A2—4 same length. Mandible tridentate; teeth
almost same length. Mesoscutum flat, densely punctate—imbricate. Mesoscutellum
flat, imbricate. Postacetabulum imbricate—smooth. Fore and hind wings reaching pos-
terior edge of T1. T1 with slightly developed horn; T3 coriaceous with dense setae.
Description. Female (n = 3): Length = 0.88—-0.90 mm (7m = 0.89).
Color (Fig. 1A, B). Body light brown; head and A3—12 dark brown.

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 17

Figure |. Trimorus coriaceus sp. n. A female, dorsal view B female, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Head. FCI = 1.18-1.21 (m= 1.19); LCI = 1.50—1.62 (m = 1.55); DCI = 1.81-1.90
(m = 1.84) HW/IOS = 1.60-1.65 (m = 1.62); head about 1.3 times as wide as meso-
soma (HW/TSL = 1.27—1.33, m = 1.31). Frons (Fig. 4A) coriaceous with dense setae;
frontal patch absent; central keel incomplete; antennal scrobe small, smooth, without
setae; interantennal process (Fig. 1B) rounded without setae. Vertex coriaceous with
dense setae; POL as long as OOL (POL/OOL = 1.00-1.14, m = 1.05); OOL 1.5 times
as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 1.40-1.60, m = 1.53); hyperoccipital carina absent; ver-
tex patch absent. Eyes with dense setae. Malar region costate; facial striae expanding to
bottom of eye; orbital carina extending to top of eye. Gena coriaceous with dense setae;
genal patch absent. Al (Fig. 4B) about 5.7 times as long as radicle (Al/r = 5.50—5.75,
m = 5.67), about 11.3 times as long as AG (A1/A6 = 11.00-11.50, m = 11.33), as long
as clava (Al/cl = 1.00-1.05, m = 1.03); A2—4 same length, about 2 times as long as AG
(A2/A6 = 2.00; A3/AG6 = 2.00; A4/A6 = 1.50—2.00, m = 1.83); A5 as long as AG (A5/
A6 = 1.00). Mandible tridentate; all teeth of mandible almost same length.

Mesosoma. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus foveolate; epomial carina incompletely
present; cervical pronotal area imbricate with dense setae; lateral pronotal area ru-
gulose-smooth. Mesoscutum (Fig. 4C) about 1.8 times as wide as long (TSL/ML =
1.67-1.76, m = 1.73), flat, densely punctate-imbricate, with dense setae; mesoscutal
suprahumeral sulcus present; mesoscutal humeral sulcus present; antero—admedian

18 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

line absent; notauli absent. Mesoscutellum about 2.6 times as wide as long (SW/SL
= 2.50—2.63, m = 2.58), flat, imbricate, with dense setae; scutoscutellar sulcus foveo-
late; axillular carina present; mesoscutellum without median spine; posterior scutellar
sulcus foveolate. Femoral depression (Fig. 4D) smooth; mesopleural carina present;
anterior rows of foveae of mesopleural carina present; posterior rows of foveae of meso-
pleural carina present dorsally; postacetabular sulcus foveolate; postacetabulum im-
bricate-smooth with dense setae; postacetabular patch absent; sternaulus foveolate;
mesepimeral sulcus foveolate; speculum relatively wide, transversely sulcate; prespecu-
lar sulcus foveolate; transpleural sulcus foveolate. Metanotal trough foveolate; metas-
cutellum smooth; metascutellar carina unclear; metanotal spine present, short, blunt.
Metapleural sulcus foveolate; dorsal metapleural areas smooth; ventral metapleural ar-
eas smooth; paracoxal sulcus present; metapleural epicoxal sulcus present; metapleural
epicoxal carina completely present; metapleural triangle smooth; prespiracular propo-
deal area narrow, modified to small teeth; lateral propodeal carina present; lateral pro-
podeal area sulcate; metasomal depression sulcate; plica present posteriorly; posterior
propodeal projection modified to shortly curved spine; plical area with dense setae.
Legs (Fig. 1A, B) elongate. Fore wing (Fig. 1A, B) short, narrow, reaching posterior
edge of T1. Hind wing short, narrow, reaching posterior edge of T1.

Metasoma. T1 about 0.7 times as long as T1+T2 length (T1W/T1+T2L = 0.59-
0.87, m = 0.70), longitudinally costate; T1 horn slightly producing. T2 longitudinally
costate anteriorly, coriaceous with dense setae posteriorly; basal depressions on T2 pre-
sent; lateral patch of T2 absent; [3 (Fig. 4E) about 1.2 times as wide as long (T3 W/
T3L = 1.16—-1.26, m = 1.22), about 1.3 times as wide as mesoscutum (T3W/TSL =
1.23-1.43, m = 1.34), coriaceous with dense setae; basal depressions on T3 absent;
lateral patch of T3 absent; posterodorsal patch of T3 absent; apical setae on T3 absent.
S3 (Fig. 4F) coriaceous with dense setae; basal depressions of S3 absent. T4 coriaceous
with dense setae; median patch on T4 absent; lateral patch of T4 absent. [5 coriaceous
with dense setae; lateral patch of T5 absent; T6 coriaceous with dense setae; lateral
patch of T6 absent.

Male. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype: Aichi pref.: Kita-Shitara dist., Shitara town,
Uradani (Beech forest), alt. 900m, 18-24. VII. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg., 19 (EmT)
[ELMU]. Paratypes: Same locality as the holotype, 9-17. IV. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg.,
192 (YPT) [ELMU]}; 25. IV—-1. V. 1994, 12 (EmT) [ELMU]; 2-8. V. 1994, 39 (YPT)
[ELMU]; 9-15. V. 1994, 12 (EmT) [ELMU]; 9-15. V. 1994, 12 (YPT) [ELMU];
16—22. V. 1994, 12 (EmT) [ELMU]; 23-29. V. 1994, 992 (EmT) [ELMU}]; 6-12. VI.
1994, 49 (YPT) [ELMU]; 13-19. VI. 1994, 239 (EmT) [ELMU]; 13-19. VI. 1994,
92 (YPT) [ELMU]; 20-26. VI. 1994, 82 (EmT) [ELKU]; 20-26. VI. 1994, 19
(MT) [ELMU]; 27. VI-3. VII. 1994, 72 (EmT) [ELKU]; 27. VI-3. VII. 1994, 29
(YPT) [ELMU]; 4-10. VII. 1994, 49 (EmT) [ELMU]; 11-17. VII. 1994, 29 (EmT)
[ELMU]; 15-21. VII. 1994, T. Kanbe leg., 12 (EmT) [ELMU]; 22-28. VUI. 1994,
22 (EmT) [ELMU]; 29. VHI-4. XI. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg., 39 (EmT) [ELKU];
5-11. XI. 1994, 29 (EmT) [ELMU].

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 19

Distribution. Japan (Honshu: Aichi).

Etymology. The species name refers to the sculpture of frons and metasoma.

Remarks. Among eastern Palearctic Trimorus species, this species is similar to 77
amesis Kozlov & Kononova, 2001 and 7 mirandus Kozlov & Kononova, 2001 in hav-
ing shortened wings that at most reach posterior margin of mesosoma. However, it
differs from 7! amesis in small body size (T’ coriaceus about 0.9 mm, whereas 7! amesis
is about 1.4 mm), antenomere length ratio (A2, A3, A4 are same length, A4 is about 2
times longer than A5, A5 and AG are same length in 7! coriaceus; A2 and A3 are same
length, A4 is about 0.8 times shorter than A3 and 3.4 times longer than A5, A5 and
A6 are same length in 7’ amesis) and central keel (not reaching anterior ocellus in 7
coriaseus; complete in T’ amesis), and from T’ mirandus in sculpture of frons, mesos-
cutellum, and T3 (frons is coriaceous (Fig. 4A), mesoscutellum is imbricate (Fig. 4C),
and T3 is densely punctate—imbricate (Fig. 4E) in 7’ coriaceus; all of them are smooth
in T’ mirandus). In addition, this species differs from 7! granulatus sp. n. in the shape
of head (flat in 7’ coriaceus (Fig. 1A, B); globular in 7’ granulatus (Fig. 2A, B)) and
sculpture of frons (coriaceous in T’ coriaceus (Fig. 4A); granulate in 7’ granulatus (Fig.
5A)) and T3 (densely punctate—imbricate in 7’ coriaceus (Fig. 4E); shallowly punctate
in T’ granulatus (Fig. 5E)).

Trimorus granulatus sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/6694BCFA-36A2-4C18-A1D4-13E8381C50F7
Figs'.23:53 6

Diagnosis. Head globular. Frons granulate. Eyes small. Mandible subtridentate, with
anterior and posterior large teeth and median small tooth. Mesoscutum and mesoscu-
tellum flat, granulate. Postacetabulum granulate-smooth. In female, A2 and A3 long-
est among A2-6; fore and hind wings short, narrow, beyond anterior edge of meta-
soma; Tl without horn; T3 shallowly punctate with dense setae. In male, A5 about
2.3 times as long as wide, about 1.5 times as long as tyloid; fore and hind wings long,
narrow, exceeding to apical metasoma; [3 weakly punctate—smooth.

Description. Female (n = 3): Length = 0.90-0.95 mm (m = 0.93).

Color (Fig. 2A, B). Body dark brown; Al—2, legs, T1 light brown.

Head globular. FCI = 1.13-1.16 (m = 1.14); LCI = 1.28-1.35 (m = 1.32); DCI
= 1.48-1.52 (m = 1.50); HW/IOS = 1.33-1.40 (m = 1.37); head about 1.3 times as
wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.24—1.32, m = 1.29). Frons (Fig. 5A) granulate with
dense setae; frontal patch absent; central keel present ventrally; antennal scrobe small,
smooth, without setae; interantennal process (Fig. 2B) rounded without setae. Vertex
granulate with dense setae; POL as long as OOL (POL/OOL = 0.90-1.11, m = 1.00);
OOL about 1.9 times as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 1.80—2.00, m = 1.87); hyperoc-
cipital carina absent; vertex patch absent. Eyes small with dense setae. Malar region
costate; facial striae expanding to bottom level of eye; orbital carina extending to top
level of eye. Gena granulate with dense setae; genal patch absent. Al (Fig. 5B) about

20 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

Figure 2. Trimorus granulatus sp. n. A female, dorsal view B female lateral view C male, dorsal view

D male lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 21

5.6 times as long as radicle (Al/r = 5.50—5.75, m = 5.58), about 22.3 times as long
as A6 (A1/AG = 22.00—23.00, m = 22.33), about as long as clava (Al/cl = 1.05—1.10,
m = 1.00); A2—3 same length, 5 times as long as A6 (A2/A6 = 5.00; A3/A6 = 5.00); A4
about 3.3 times as long as A6 (A4/A6 = 3.00-4.00, m = 3.33); A5 as long as A6 (A5/
A6 = 1.00). Mandible tridentate; anterior and posterior tooth same length, median
tooth shorter.

Mesosoma. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus sulcate—foveolate; epomial carina weakly
present; cervical pronotal area granulate with dense setae; lateral pronotal area smooth.
Mesoscutum (Fig. 5C) about 1.6 times as wide as long (TSL/ML = 1.50-1.61, m =
1.56), flat, granulate, with dense setae; mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus weakly present;
mesoscutal humeral sulcus weakly present; antero—admedian line absent; notauli weak-
ly present, expanding to half level of mesoscutum; inter notaular area granulate with
dense setae; lateral notaular area granulate with dense setae. Mesoscutellum about 2.4
times as wide as long (SW/SL = 2.25—2.50, m = 2.36), flat, granulate, with dense setae;
scutoscutellar sulcus foveolate; axillular carina present; mesoscutellum without me-
dian spine; posterior scutellar sulcus foveolate. Femoral depression (Fig. 5D) smooth;
mesopleural carina present; anterior rows of foveae of mesopleural carina present; pos-
terior rows of foveae of mesopleural carina foveolate dorsally; postacetabular sulcus
foveolate; postacetabulum granulate-smooth with dense setae; postacetabular patch
absent; sternaulus absent; mesepimeral sulcus foveolate; speculum wide, transversely
sulcate; prespecular sulcus foveolate; transpleural sulcus absent. Metanotal trough fo-
veolate; metascutellum rugulose—foveolate; metascutellar carina unclear; metanotal
spine weakly present, short, blunt. Metapleural sulcus present; dorsal metapleural ar-
eas smooth; ventral metapleural areas smooth; paracoxal sulcus foveolate; metapleural
epicoxal sulcus present; metapleural epicoxal carina completely present; metapleural
triangle smooth; prespiracular propodeal area narrow; lateral propodeal carina present;
lateral propodeal area sulcate; metasomal depression sulcate; plica absent; posterior
propodeal projection weakly present; plical area narrow, with dense setae. Legs (Fig.
2A, B) elongate. Fore wing (Fig. 2A, B) short, narrow, beyond anterior edge of meta-
soma. Hind wing short, narrow, beyond anterior edge of metasoma.

Metasoma. T1 about 0.6 times as long as T1+T2 length (T1W/T1+T2L = 0.50-
0.59, m = 0.55), longitudinally costate. T2 longitudinally costate in anterior, shallowly
punctate with dense setae in posterior; basal depressions on T2 present; lateral patch of
T2 absent. T3 (Fig. 5E) about 1.2 times as wide as long (T3W/T3L = 1.10-1.22, m
= 1.16), about 1.2 times as wide as mesoscutum (T3W/TSL = 1.18—1.22, m = 1.20),
shallowly punctate with dense setae; basal depressions on T3 absent; lateral patch of T3
absent; posterodorsal patch of T3 absent; apical setae on T3 absent. S3 (Fig. 5F) shal-
lowly punctate with dense setae. [4 shallowly punctate with dense setae; median patch
on [4 absent; lateral patch of T4 absent. T5 shallowly punctate with dense setae; lateral
patch of T5 absent. T6 shallowly punctate with dense setae; lateral patch of T6 absent.

Male (n = 3): Length = 0.93-1.00 mm (m = 0.95). FCI = 1.17-1.27 (m = 1.22);
LCI = 1.32-1.36 (m = 1.34); DCI = 1.55-1.73 (m = 1.64); HW/IOS = 1.42-1.46
(m = 1.45); HW/TSL = 1.17-1.27 (m = 1.24). Central keel (Fig. 6A) present, incom-

22 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

plete dorsally; antennal scrobe larger than female, smooth, without setae. POL/OOL
= 0.89-1.00 (m=0.96); OOL/LOL = 1.80-2.25 (m = 2.10). Eyes larger than female.
Orbital carina extending to bottom level of eye. Al/r = 4.00-4.40 (m = 4.20); A5 (Fig.
6B) 2.3 times as long as wide (ASL/A5W = 2.25), about 1.5 times as long as tyloid
(A5L/ty = 1.50). TSL/ML = 1.36-1.50 (m = 1.44). SW/SL = 2.00-2.20 (m = 2.13);
notauli (Fig. 6C) present, expanding to 3/4 levels of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum shal-
lowly punctate-smooth with dense setae. Anterior rows of foveae of mesopleural carina
(Fig. 6D) foveolate dorsally, smooth ventrally; postacetabulum granulate-smooth with
sparse setae; speculum wide, smooth. Metapleural sulcus absent; paracoxal sulcus fo-
veolate dorsally, absent ventrally; metapleural epicoxal sulcus absent; lateral propodeal
area foveolate; metasomal depression foveolate; plica present in posterior; plical area
with dense setae. Legs (Fig. 2C, D) elongate. Fore wing (Fig. 2C, D) long, narrow,
exceeding to apical metasoma, as wide as mesoscutum (TSL/WW = 0.94-1.04, m =
1.00); marginal vain about 3.5 times as long as stigmal vein (m/st = 3.33-3.67, m =
3.53). Hind wing long, narrow, exceeding to apical metasoma, 1.5 times as wide as
length of marginal cilia at widest point (HWW/HWS = 1.40-1.50, m = 1.47). T1W/
T1+T2L = 0.60-0.63 (m = 0.61). T3W/T3L = 1.11-1.23 (m = 1.18); T3 (Fig. GE)
narrower (T3W/TSL = 1.03-1.07, m = 1.04), weakly punctate-smooth with sparse se-
tae; posterodorsal patch of T3 present, rugulose. $3 (Fig. 6F) smooth with dense setae;
S3 setae sparser than female. T4 smooth with dense setae; [4 setae sparser than female.

Material examined. Holotype: Fukuoka pref.: Fukuoka city, Mt. Tachibana, 2. X.
1993, H. Honda leg., 12 (YPT) [ELKU]. Paratypes: Same locality as the holotype,
2. X. 1993, H. Honda leg., 54 (YPT) [ELKU]; 16. X. 1993, 7429 (YPT) [ELKU];
23. X. 1993, 5359 (YPT) [ELKU}; 30. X. 1993, 6419 (YPT) [ELKU]; 6. XI. 1993,
74292 (YPT) [ELKU]; 14. XI. 1993, 8469 (YPT) [ELKU]; 20. XI. 1993, 6369
(YPT) [ELKU]; 27. XI. 1993, 3429 (YPT) [ELKU].

Distribution. Japan (Kyushu: Fukuoka).

Etymology. The species name refers to the sculpture on frons and mesoscutum.

Remarks. Among eastern Palearctic Trimorus species, the female of this species is
similar to 7. amesis Kozlov & Kononova, 2001 and 7. mirandus Kozlov & Kononova,
2001 in shortened wings at most reaching posterior margin of mesosoma. But it differs
from 7. amesis in small body size (7! granulatus about 0.9 mm; T amesis about 1.4 mm)
and sculpture of T3 (shallowly punctate in 77 granulatus, coriaceus in T! amesis), and
from 7) mirandus in sculpture of frons, mesoscutellum and T3 (frons and mesoscutel-
lum are granulate (Fig. 5A, C) and T3 is shallowly punctate (Fig. 5E) in 7’ granulatus;
all of them are smooth in 7! mirandus). In addition, this species differs from 7. coriaceus
sp. n. in the shape of head (globular in 7’ granulatus (Fig. 2A, B), flat in T° coriaceus
(Fig. 1A, B)) and sculpture of frons (granulate in 7’ granulatus (Fig. 5A); coriaceous in
T. coriaceus (Fig. 4A)) and T3 (shallowly punctate in 7’ granulatus (Fig. 5E); densely
punctate—imbricate in 7! coriaceus (Fig. 4E)). Male of T° granulatus is similar to T’ bi-
sulcatus Kieffer, 1908 in ratio of length and width of antenomeres. ‘The new species dif-
fers from 7. bisulcatus in body size (7) granulatus is about 1 mm; T’ bisulcatus is about
1.7—2 mm) and body sculpture.

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 23

Trimorus haniyasu sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/52D8DD10-3F9E-41AE-B743-42EF34062BF6
Figs 33/58

Diagnosis. Frons shallowly punctate. Mandible subtridentate, with anterior and poste-
rior large teeth and median small tooth. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum densely deep-
ly punctate. Postacetabulum rugulose—densely deeply punctate. T3 deeply punctate. In
female, A3 longest among A2—6; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum flat; fore and hind
wings reaching apical margin of T3; T1 without horn. In male, A5 about twice as long
as wide and about 1.8 times as long as tyloid; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum convex;
fore wing far exceeding to apical mesosoma; hind wing exceeding to apical mesosoma.

Description. Female (n = 2): Length = 1.83—2.00 mm.

Color (Fig. 3A, B). Body mainly black—dark brown; Al—A6 and mandibles brown
and legs excluding coxae yellow.

Head. FCI = 1.09-1.13; LCI = 1.62—1.74; DCI = 1.83-1.89; HW/IOS = 1.66—
1.76; head about 1.2 times as wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.18—1.28). Frons (Fig.
7A) shallowly punctate with dense setae; frontal patch absent; central keel completely
present; antennal scrobe smooth without setae; interantennal process (Fig. 3B) round-
ed with sparse setae. Vertex shallowly punctate with dense setae; POL as long as OOL
(POL/OOL = 1.00); OOL about 1.6 times as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 1.50-1.67);
hyperoccipital carina absent; vertex patch present, rugulose. Eyes with sparse setae.
Malar region costate; facial striae expanding to middle level of eye; orbital carina ex-
tending to top level of eye. Gena costate—punctate with dense setae; genal patch ab-
sent. Al (Fig. 7B) about 6.3 times as long as radicle (Al/r = 6.00—6.60), about 10.5
times as long as AG (A1/AG = 10.00—11.00), about 1.9 times as long as clava (A1/cl
= 1.07—-1.10); A2 2.3 times as long as AG (A2/A6 = 2.33); A3 longest among A2-6,
about 2.7 times as long as A6 (A3/A6 = 2.67); A4 about 2.2 times as long as A6 (A4/
AG = 2.00—2.33); A5 as long as A6 (A5/AG6 = 1.00). Mandible tridentate, with anterior
and posterior large teeth and median small, tubercular tooth.

Mesosoma. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus foveolate; epomial carina incompletely
present; cervical pronotal area rugulose—densely deeply punctate without setae; lateral
pronotal area smooth—rugose. Mesoscutum (Fig. 7C) about 1.7 times as wide as long
(TSL/ML = 1.60-1.73) flat, densely deeply punctate, with dense setae; mesoscutal
suprahumeral sulcus absent; mesoscutal humeral sulcus weakly present; antero—ad-
median line absent; notauli weakly present. Mesoscutellum about 2.2 times as wide as
long (SW/SL = 2.14—2.33); flat, densely deeply punctate with dense setae; scutoscutel-
lar sulcus foveolate; axillular carina present, with weakly tooth; mesoscutellum with-
out median spine; posterior scutellar sulcus foveolate. Femoral depression (Fig. 7D)
smooth in upper half, transversely costate in lower half; mesopleural carina present;
anterior rows of foveae of mesopleural carina absent; posterior rows of foveae of meso-
pleural carina absent; postacetabular sulcus absent; postacetabulum rugulose—densely
deeply punctate with dense setae; postacetabular patch absent; sternaulus absent; mese-
pimeral sulcus absent; speculum transversely costate; prespecular sulcus weakly foveo-

24 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

Figure 3. Zrimorus haniyasu sp. n. A female, dorsal view B female lateral view C male, dorsal view

D male lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

late; transpleural sulcus absent. Metanotal trough foveolate; metascutellum densely
deeply punctate; metascutellar carina present; metanotal spine present, short, blunt.
Metapleural sulcus sulcate; dorsal metapleural areas smooth; ventral metapleural areas
smooth; paracoxal sulcus present; metapleural epicoxal sulcus weakly present; meta-
pleural epicoxal carina incomplete; metapleural triangle smooth; prespiracular propo-

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 25

25,0KVx200 200um ; 2950KV"x200) § 200um

Figure 4. Trimorus coriaceus sp. n., female. A head, frontal view B Antennae C mesosoma, dorsal view

D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

deal area narrow, modified to small teeth; lateral propodeal carina present; lateral pro-
podeal area densely deeply punctate; metasomal depression densely deeply punctate;
plica present; posterior propodeal projection modified to shortly sharp spine; plical
area narrow, densely deeply punctate with dense setae; legs(Fig. 3A, B) elongate. Fore
wing (Fig. 3A, B) short, reaching posterior edge of T3, 2 times as wide as mesoscutum
(TSL/WW = 2.00—2.05); marginal vein 5 times as long as stigmal vein (m/st = 5.00).
Hind wing short, reaching posterior edge of T3, about 4.2 times as wide as length of
marginal cilia at widest point (HWW/HWS = 4.00-4.25).

26 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

eee ©
si

200um

a
wa

“ 4
“4
yen? 0

a
. .
Py’ 4 |

2550KV"x200 200Um 2950kKV"x200) ¥ 200Um

Figure 5. Zrimorus granulatus sp. n., female. A head, frontal view B Antennae C mesosoma, dorsal view

D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

Metasoma. T1 about 0.6 times as long as T1+T2 length (T1W/T1+T2L =
0.56—-0.57), longitudinally costate. T2 longitudinally costate; basal depressions on
T2 present; lateral patch of T2 present, with dense setae. T3 (Fig. 7E) about 1.3
times as wide as long (T3W/T3L = 1.26—1.33), about 1.3 times as wide as mesos-
cutum (T3W/TSL = 1.24-1.33), deeply punctate with dense setae; T3 sculpture
sparser medially; basal depressions on T3 absent; lateral patch of T3 absent; pos-
terodorsal patch of T3 absent; apical setae on T3 absent. S3 (Fig. 7F) deeply punc-
tate with dense setae; basal depressions on S3 absent. [4 punctate with dense setae;
median patch on T4 absent; lateral patch of T4 absent. T5 punctate with dense

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 27

——s
aS
a

25. 2kV x1. 2K un BS

25. OkV x250) 200um 2 25. 0kV x250) 200um

Figure 6. Trimorus granulatus sp. n., male. A head, frontal view B A5, lateral view C mesosoma, dorsal

view D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

setae; lateral patch of T5 absent. T6 smooth; lateral patch of T6 present, imbricate,
with dense setae.

Male (n = 3): Length=1.88-1.98 mm (m = 1.93); Al—2 (Fig. 3C, D) brown. Head
wider than female (FCI = 1.17—1.26, m = 1.22); LCI = 1.56-1.70 (m = 1.62); DCI
1.96—2.00 (m = 1.97); HW/TOS = 1.55-1.64 (m = 1.60); HW/TSL = 1.16—1.23 (m
1.20). Frons (Fig. 8A) punctate with dense setae: antennal scrobe smooth—costate without
setae. Vertex costate—punctate with dense setae; OOL longer (POL/OOL = 0.91-—1.00, m
= 0.94; OOL/LOL = 2.00-2.75, m = 2.32); vertex patch absent. Ocelli more developed
than female. Facial striae expanding to 3/4 of eye. Gena costate with dense setae. Al/r =

28 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

25.0kV x120 250um

25.0kV x100 900um

25.0kV x100 900um

+

Figure 7. Trimorus haniyasu sp. n., female. A head, frontal view B Antennae C mesosoma, dorsal view

D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

4.50-5.00 (m = 4.67); A5 (Fig. 8B) about twice as long as wide (ASL/A5W = 1.83-2.20,
m = 2.01); A5 about 1.9 times as long as tyloid (A5L/ty = 1.83—2.00, m = 1.89). Cer-
vical pronotal area rugulose without setae. Mesoscutum (Fig. 8C) longer (TSL/ML =
1.41-1.48, m = 1.44), convex; notauli incompletely present. Mesoscutellum longer (SW/
SL = 2.00—2.14, m = 2.07), convex, densely deeply punctate with dense setae. Paracoxal
sulcus (Fig. 8D) sulcate—foveolate; metapleural epicoxal sulcus sulcate; metapleural epi-
coxal carina completely present; prespiracular propodeal area larger than female, modified
to small teeth. Fore wing (Figs 3C, D) long, far exceeding to apical mesosoma, wider than

mesoscutum (TSL/WW = 0.71-0.73, m = 0.72); marginal vein about 4.2 times as long

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 29

25. OkV"x700) 50um

é

= 25..0kV x00) -'500um

25, OkKVE xil00) 1500Um

Figure 8. Trimorus haniyasu sp. n., male. A head, frontal view B A5, lateral view C mesosoma, dorsal

view D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

as stigmal vein (m/st = 4.00-4.44, m = 4.19). Hind wing long, exceeding to apical meso-
soma, about 6.4 times as wide as length of marginal cilia at widest point (HWW/HWS =
6.20-6.60, m = 6.40). T1W/T1+T2L = 0.44-0.45 (m = 0.45); T2 longitudinally costate
with dense setae laterally; lateral patch of T2 present, imbricate. T3W/T3L = 1.31-1.36
(m = 1.33); T3 narrower (T3W/TSL = 1.07—1.09, m = 1.08); sculpture of T3 (Fig. 8E)
sparser than female; posterodorsal patch of T3 present, imbricate. S3 (Fig. 8F) deeply
punctate with dense setae. Lateral patch of T4 present, imbricate.

Material examined. Holotype: Aichi pref.: Kita-Shitara dist., Shitara town,
Uradani (Beech forest), alt. 900m, 13-19. VI. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg., 12 (YPT)

30 Yoto Komeda et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 15—32 (2018)

[ELMU]. Paratypes: Same locality as the holotype, 16-22. V. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg.,
14 (EmT) [ELMU}]; 6-12. VI. 1994, 24 (YPT) [ELKU]; 6-12. VI. 1994, 1¢ (MT)
[ELMU]; 13-19. VI. 1994, 12 (YPT) [ELKU]; 10-16. X. 1994, 14 (PT) [ELMU].

Distribution. Japan (Honshu: Aichi).

Etymology. The species named after Haniyasu, a Japanese god of the soil.

Remarks. Among eastern Palearctic Trimorus species, the female of this species
is similar to 7’ mirificus Kozlov & Kononova, 2000 and 7 angulator Kozlov & Kon-
onova, 2000 in shortened wings that reach T3. However, it differs from both species
in sculpture of frons (shallowly punctate in 7’ haniyasu; along to central keel smooth
and other part costate in 7’ mirificus; dorsally reticulate, ventrally smooth 7’ angula-
tor), mesoscutum (densely and deeply punctate in 7’ haniyasu; reticulate in T’ mirificus
and 7’ angulator) and 13 (deeply punctate in 7’ haniyasu; costate and granulate in 7
mirificus; reticulate in 7’ angulator). In male, antenomeres about twice as long as wide
in T’ haniyasu, but about 5 times as long as wide in T’ mirificus.

Key to species of brachypterous female of the Eastern Palearctic Trimorus

(“Brachypterous’ means shortened wing reaching or not beyond posterior margin of

T3 in this key.)

1 Body length more than 1.7 mm; wings reaching T3 ...... ieee eeeeeeeeeeeee 2
= Body length less than 1.4 mm; wings shorter, at most reaching posterior mar-
rasa 63 pes sO Yo! 010 6) 18 We cor eee Po RRC Ar Re eet re Pet ce 4
2 Frons (Fig. 7A) shallowly punctate; mesoscutum (Fig. 7C) densely and deeply
punctate; [3-(hiee /E)-déeply punctate ..203 caste tensane ges T: haniyasu sp. n.
Sculptures of frons and T3 different from above; mesoscutum reticulate.....3
3 ‘Horn. presentsfeoristand eS! Suri gate.vn ceweg scans vsnnet¥eauetabnvrad tdnosestorntes

Chen Ee opces oo gestae as ton Bslest tn, hn sees Jed T. mirificus Kozlov & Kononova, 2000
= T1 horn absent; frons and T3 reticulate .................csssecccsssecccsseccccccccccessceessess
ee Se ee en es ee Ae T. angulator Kozlov & Kononova, 2000
4 Central keel completely present, reaching anterior ocellus........ eee
Fob Pi en 8) ia bers de he cele Pn eta BEY ee T. amesis Kozlov & Kononova, 2000
Central keel incomplete, not reaching anterior ocellus...... eee eeeeeeeeee 5
5 Frons, mesoscutellum, and T3 smooth; mesoscutellum wide: SW/SL about 3.3;
T3 wider: T3W/T3L about 1.5.......... T-mirandus Kozlov & Kononova, 2000
- Frons, mesoscutellum and T3 sculptured; mesoscutellum not so wide: SW/
SEvless*than-2.6; TSW APS about ll 2: n.02.fc sedans o ckeaanteten dane besecodecheietelewneed 6
6 Head (Fig. 1B) flat: LCI about 1.5, DCI about 1.8; eyes large; frons (Fig. 4A)
and T3 (Fig. 4E) coriaceous; mesoscutum (Fig. 4C) densely punctate—imbri-
cates llahGen weakly present 2 sect st one seen ae: T. coriaceus sp. n.
= Head (Fig. 2B) globular: LCI about 1.3, DCI less than 1.5; eyes small; frons
(Fig. 5A) and mesoscutum (Fig. 5C) granulate; T3 (Fig. 5E) shallowly punc-
PALEY tpl RHOP MEAS EINES oncest np tecs erssetues A Bytmbwoestect donee bnicees ile T. granulatus sp. n.

Three new brachypterous species of Trimorus Forster (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan 31

Key to males of species of Japanese Trimorus

(Male of 7’ butus Kononova & Kozlov, 2001, 7) calvus Miyazaki, 1979, T° coriaceus,
LT. fulviclavatus Miyazaki, 1979, T’ nasutus Kononova & Kozlov, 2001, 7’ nipponensis
Masner & Muesebeck, 1968, 7. striatissimus Miyazaki, 1979 and T. viktori Kononova,
2001 are unknown.)

1 Mandible tridentate, with almost same length teeth (body mainly black-dark
brown; notaulus present, expanding to half level of mesoscutum; T3 weakly
GOMACCOUIS)) AAS tes on schscensdehtiee ent evan sueearsteagsas T. nigrigaster Miyazaki, 1979

- Mandible subtridentate, with anterior and posterior large teeth and median
Sioakel UM rare rao Coyes| 8 16h 38) 0 teem a peek ceeen Annes ARB MO 7 CAMRY ARNE be ore RoR, ie 2

2 Antennomeres elongated: A5L more than 3.5 times as long as AS W.............
kal etlatas edad GAAS lon iltont st lea batbelae Sieh aah T. laticlypeatus Miyazaki, 1979

7 Antennomeres shortened: A5L less than 2.5 times as long as ASW ............. 3

3 Body length less than 1 mm. (frons (Fig. GA) and mesoscutum (Fig. 4C)
granulate; postacetabulum (Fig. 6D) granulate—smooth) ...... eee
si hina Gn eat pea ves war eDanRieah vena sus eapassbesarns tml tbenae hesatesla T. granulatus sp. n.

a Body length greater than 1.8 mm. (frons (Fig. 8A) punctate; mesoscutum
(Fig. 8C) deeply punctate with densely locates punctures; postacetabulum
(Fig. 8D) rugulose—deeply punctate with densely locates punctures).............
Laccnsttate ooit gabon Belen satel Bye'oualt Suctoueune'ousten ptenstes Pol gies tte detente T. haniyasu sp. n.

Acknowledgements

We express our cordial thanks to Dr. T. Hirowatari and members of the Entomologi-
cal Laboratory, Kyushu University for their invaluable advice during this study. The
authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier version of
this paper. Our thanks are also due to Mr. H. Honda for the collection of many speci-
mens. This is a contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University,

Fukuoka (Ser. 7, No. 61).

References

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zenodo.23836

Eady RD (1968) Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the
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Platygastridae) from Japan, with a description of male of Ceratoteleas. ZooKeys 609: 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.609.8852

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Baeinae. Akademperiodika, Kiev, 438 pp. [In Russian]

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0.1080/03745481.1936.10801393

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Society of Canada 113: 1-54. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm112113fv

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dae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): head and mesosoma. Zootaxa 1571: 1-78.

Miyazaki M, Hirashima Y (1979) the Genus Trimorus Forster of Japan (Hymenoptera, Scelio-
nidae). Esakia 14: 79-92.

Staniec B (2005) A description of the developmental stages of Acylophorus wagenschieberi Kiesen-
wetter, 1850 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with comments on its biology, egg parasite and
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Entomologische Zeitschrift 52: 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200210003

Various contributors (2018) Hymenoptera Online (HOL). http://hol.osu.edu. [accessed: 1
March 2018]

Supplementary material |

Checklist of brachypterous Trimorus

Authors: Yoto Komeda, Toshiharu Mita, Kenzo Yamagishi

Data type: species data

Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License
(http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License
(ODDbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and
use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the
original source and author(s) are credited.

Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.63.2367 1.suppl1