or JHR 63:51-60 (2018) JOURNAL OF *r#ierdcnnscloen doi: |0.3897/jhr.63.24427 (ME Hymenopter a http://jhr.pensoft.net The Inerational Society of ymenopterists. RESEARCH Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) John T. Huber' I Natural Resources Canada, clo Canadian National Collection of Insects, AAFC, K.W. Neatby building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, KIA 0C6, Canada Corresponding author: John T: Huber (john.huber@agr.gc.ca) Academic editor: P Jansta | Received 13 February 2018 | Accepted 9 March 2018 | Published 30 April 2018 http://zoobank.org/6D832AA7-FA5B-4C30-A65A-9F2101CB97DB Citation: Huber JT (2018) Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.63.24427 Abstract A neotype for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is designated from among specimens reared in a laboratory culture on Lygus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae). Based on specimens examined, the dis- tribution of A. brevis extends west-east from UK (Wales) apparently as far as China and north-south from Germany to Morocco. The species also apparently occurs in North America. Keywords France, Anaphes brevis, neotype, species description Introduction Walker (1846) described Anaphes brevis as “A. fuscipenni affinis, alis limpidis latio- ribus”. This was one of seven species he described or redescribed and placed under Anaphes Haliday, and the only one mentioned as having been collected in France, in this case from the Forest of Fontainebleau (about 55 km south-south-east of Paris). Graham (1982) briefly discussed the species but could not locate any type material. Walker’s short description included only the fore wing feature, i.e., the clear, wider [than in fuscipennis] wings. This distinctive feature fits few species of Anaphes, as mentioned by Graham who determined that Walker’s specimen(s?) had been collected in late July, 1830 and noted that the species fits rather well the speci- Copyright John T. Huber. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 52 John T; Huber / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60 (2018) mens misidentified by Debauche (1948) as A. fuscipennis Haliday. Consequently Graham listed A. fuscipennis sensu Debauche under A. ?brevis. Huber and Thurdéczy (2018) illustrated specimens they identified as A. brevis that had been reared from Lygus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Spain, and placed 8 other nominal species in synonymy under it. One of them was described originally from California, USA, and the remainder from four countries in Europe (Austria, Germany, Italy and Ro- mania). Anaphes brevis clearly belongs to subgenus Patasson Walker on the basis of the 2-segmented clava. As understood by Huber and Thuréczy (2018) and assum- ing their synonymy is correct the species is evidently quite widespread in Europe and is almost certainly an accidental introduction into North America. Because specimens of A. brevis have definitely been reared from at least one species of Ly- gus Hahn, which contains economically important pests in many crops (Schwartz and Foottit 1998), it is potentially important for biological control. Despite this, relatively few references mentioning the species name brevis exist because no one knew how to recognize the species. Because of its potential importance, a neotype is designated below to fix the name A. brevis objectively and with the express pur- pose of clarifying the taxonomic status of the species. If the original material is ever discovered, which is unlikely given Graham’s (1982) inability to find it despite his meticulous study of the Haliday (and Walker) collections, Article 75.8 of the Inter- national Code of Zoological Nomenclature applies. Several corrections to Huber and Thurdczy (2018) are given here: P. 4, line 13 add a colon after “the names under 3 valid genera’; P. 4, line 23 should read “The great majority of Anaphes species were described from Europe’; P. 8, caption to Figure 2 should read “European type localities of Anaphes. See Tables ...”; P. 12, lines 8, 9, and 10, and P. 16, lines 11, 12 and 13, delete parentheses around Soyka and replace Synanaphes, Mymar and Ferrierella with Anaphes; P. 25, line 6, should read crassipen- nis Soyka, 194G6a: 41 (Anaphes); P. 26, line 3 from bottom should read medius Soyka, 1946a: 40 (Anaphes); P. 27, line 13 should read ovipositor Soyka, 1946a: 41 (Anaphes); P, 27, lines 37 and 38 should be moved to just after line 19; P. 27, lines 39 and 40 should be moved to just after line 33; P. 68, caption to figure 33 should read “arrow indicates occipital groove”. Methods Specimens preserved in ethanol were obtained from the European Parasite Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Orgerus-Béhoust, Yvelines, France. The specimens, including the neo- type, had been reared from Lygus sp. in a laboratory culture. ‘The original host and host plant, based on label data, apparently was Lygus sp. on stems of Matricaria sp. Several specimens were cleared and slide mounted in Canada balsam for photography. ‘The re- mainder were card mounted after critical point drying. Slide-mounted specimens were photographed with a ProgRes C14?"’ digital camera attached to a Nikon Eclipse E800 compound microscope, and the resulting layers were combined electronically using Zerene Stacker and the images enhanced as needed with Adobe Photoshop (no re- Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) 53 touching of the neotype was done). The neotype was measured at 100x magnification using a Leitz stereoscope fitted with an ocular micrometer. Measurements are given in micrometers. [he specimens examined are deposited in two institutions: BMNH_ Natural History Museum, London, England; CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Taxonomy Anaphes brevis Walker, 1846 Figs 1-11 Anaphes brevis Walker, 1846: 52 (original description); Graham 1982: 214 (diagnosis, discussion [as Anaphes ?brevis|); Huber and Thurdczy 2018: 28 (catalogue), 46 (key). Type material. Neotype 9 (BMNH) here designated to avoid ambiguity about the identity of this species, whose type material is lost (Graham 1982). The neotype (Fig. 1) is card mounted and in good condition but faded to brown, with 4 labels: 1. “FRANCE Yvelines Behoust vi.1987”. 2. “D. Coutinot Vial 2. F3 lab. culture”. 3. “ex Lygus eggs. CIE A19211”. 4. “NEOTYPE & Anaphes brevis Walker”. Type locality. France, Yvelines, Béhoust, which is about 100 km from Walker's ori- ginal collecting locality (Fontainbleau Forest). The neotype is designated from among specimens near the type locality rather than from among specimens reared in Spain (illustrated in Huber and Thurdczy 2018, figs 32-49), relatively far from the type locality. It is deposited in the institution (BMNH) where many of Walker's primary types of Chalcidoidea are located. The slide mounted specimens illustrated (Figs 2—11) came from the same laboratory culture as the neotype. Species diagnosis. In Europe, A. (Patasson) brevis belongs to a small group of spe- cies with occipital groove directed medially towards occipital foramen, thus forming an angle with supraorbital trabecula and strongly diverging away from posterior margin of eye (Fig. 3), and with fore wing hyaline (Fig. 7, top arrow), its posterior margin with a short hyaline section subapically separating distal dark margin from proximal slightly darker margin (Fig. 7, left arrow), and cubital line of seta distinctly separated by a gap from posterior margin of fore wing (Fig. 7, bottom arrow). It is distinguished from the most similar species, A. collinus Walker, 1846 (type locality: Northern Ire- land, Belfast, Cavehill) and A. inexpectatus Huber & Prinsloo, 1990 (introduced from Australia into Portugal and established there) by the following combination of features: length/width of fl,—fl, each at least 3.1 in most specimens (Fig. 5) and with 2 mps (Figs 1, 5), though sometimes fl, with 1 or 0 mps (Fig. 6), the segments without or with 1 mps usually shorter and slightly narrower than remaining funicle segments (rarely, the same specimen may have different numbers of mps on fl,); fore wing relatively wide (length/width 3.66-4.61) cubital row of setae separated from posterior margin of fore 54 John T; Huber / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60 (2018) soe mn : f wy , ey } ‘ * k Siwy Vie tn AVA BY! os we f, \ wi4/? 5) ae W \ \\ ae e . ; 7 : a N\ iG ¥ (om y ~ al BY J Y —L aw ’ td = if . i Od a4 .. bi otA (t= ~ | 4 —_ + ’ is . e§ ‘ jt 9 t rea P#f e ? Sb ee 4 “=e = ~ 2 + \ t ¥ \ 4 i- 4 - s s ° ee o~ = \ eo oe a — ~ % \ be Cy hee SAME bs : FRANCE > , Minde p ee Pe . Yvelines \ an ” : hee . . %, i: St tie Behoust ieee Soe Sz vi Vas? Seno ee ‘ Ay, 4 eee . bY eae D, Coutinot ‘ Pie bats YA Vial 2,F3° >) de ee lab, culture \ i ate oe Se | gy ; Rea Be eggs, ‘ f { CTE AIS211 O Figure |. Anaphes brevis, neotype, habitus. Scale bar: 500 um. wing by a noticeable gap (Figs 1, 7); ovipositor at most about 1.5 as long as metatibia, extending anteriorly under mesosoma at most to level of mesocoxa (Fig. 11). Female (neotype). Body length 645 um. Antenna brown, with apex of scape and pedicel except narrowly along their dorsal surfaces lighter brown; body and legs dark brown (presumably black if neotype were fresh) except trochantellus and apex of femora, base and apex of tibia, and tarsomeres 1-3 white. Antenna with length measurements Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) 55 — © Figures 2,3. Anaphes brevis, head. 2 anterior 3 posterior. Scale bars: 100 um. 56 John T; Huber / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60 (2018) as follows: scape (not measurable, its base hidden by collapsed face), pedicel 50, fl, 20, fl, 50, fl, 70, fl, 60, fl, 60, A, 50, clava 110. Fore wing length/width 3.95 (790/200); ovipositor/metatibia length 1.49 (395/265), the ovipositor sac extending to base of mesocoxa. Metatarsomere | distinctly shorter than metatarsomere 2. Additional material examined. CHINA. Hebei. Beijing, Mentougou, 1140- 1250m, 19.v.2002, Zhu C.-d. (1 Q on slide, CNC). Shaanxi. Zhouzhi, 25.vi.1999, Zhu C.-d. (1 9,1 on points, 1 2 on slide, CNC); Foping, 1750—2150m, 28.vi.1999, Zhu C.-d. (1 & on slide, CNC). Tibet. Riwogé, 3920 m, 17.viii.2001, Zhu C.-d. (1 S on slide, CNC). FRANCE. Yvelines. Béhoust, 30.vii.1986, ex Lygus sp. in stems of Matricaria and in laboratory culture on Lygus, F1 and F3 generations, vi.1987, D. Coutinot, CIE A19211 (5 9,3 d oncards; 9 9, 4 4 on slides, CNC). MOROCCO. Marrakech. Ouirgane, 1000 m, 4—10.ix, 10-22.ix, 29.x—4.xi.1996, C. Kassebeer (2 2,14, CNC). SPAIN. Gerona. Navata, emerged 21.ix.2000 ex. Lygus eggs on Chen- opodium in cages, 14—21.ix.2000, D. Coutinot & J. Lopez (17 9, 6 3S on cards; 3 9, 2 3 on slides, CNC). UNITED KINGDOM. England. Berkshire, Ascot, Silwood Park, 11 & 12.vi.1994, J.S. Noyes (4 9 on cards, CNC). Wales. Wrexham, 10 km SW Llangollen, Llamon Dyffryn Ceiriog, 31.vii.1999, J.S Noyes (12, CNC). Discussion. Anaphes (Patasson) collinus Walker, described on the same page but before A. brevis, presents an interesting problem. It is very similar to A. brevis in wing colour and antennal features, but fl ; almost always has no mps (Huber & Thuréczy 2018, figs 90b, c). Otherwise, A. collinus is smaller, with a longer, trombone-shaped ovipositor extending as far as base of procoxa. In Europe, specimens of A. collinus were reared from stems of Cardraria draba con- taining eggs of Ceutorhynchus cardraria Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Romania, Valea Lupului, with various collecting/emergence dates in iv & v.2010, A. Diaconu (16 2 & 15 ¢ on cards, 2 Q on slides, CNC) and a similar, possibly un- described species with generally longer funicle segments has been reared from Rhinocyl- lus conicus (Frélich) (Curculionidae) on Carduus nutans and Silybum marianum from France, Bouches-du-Rhone, St. Martin de Crau, 10.v.1988, J.-P. Aeschlimann (2 9, CNC) and Heérault, La Vacquerie-et-Saint-Martin-de-Castries, 19.vii.1985, J.-P. Aes- chlimann (1 2, CNC). Whether these specimens actually represent A. brevis (or are indeed A. collinus, if priority of position on page is accepted) or yet another species, with the variation due to rearing from a different host order or different species is un- known. Since both named species parasitize hosts that are economically important or potentially so it might be worth determining their species status and host range. In North America, A. conotracheli (Girault, 1905) is also extremely similar to A. brevis. Huber (2006) compared and contrasted A. conotracheli with A. pallipes (Ash- mead, 1887) that Huber and Thuréczy (2018) placed in synonymy under A. collinus. The neotype fits very well Walker’s (1846) short description of brevis quoted above but depending on the specimen it also more or less fits his equally short description of collinus: “Fem. Antennarum articulis a 4° inde alternis minoribus” and could also fit specimens of A. conotracheli. Because the relative size of fl, may vary, even between the antennae of the same specimen, and all three species have very similar fore wings, the Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) 57 Figures 4-6. Anaphes brevis. 4 head + base of antennae 5 antenna, outer surface 6 antenna, inner surface. Note difference in fl, and cross striations on inner surface of scape (striations very faint and more longi- tudinal on outer surface). Scale bars: 200 um. 58 John T. Huber / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60 (2018) = a = Any a LU LU r Ly LI} LI LU LU LU U U \Nmesofurcal arm Figures 7-9. Anaphes brevis. T wings (see text for discussion) 8 body, dorsal 9 with frenum-gaster internal (more ventral) to show mesofurca and ovipositor through gaster; dashed line indicates anterior extension of ovipositor. Scale bars: 200 um. Neotype designation for Anaphes brevis Walker (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) 59 Figures 10, | 1. Azaphes brevis, body, lateral. 10 outer surface | 1 median view of gaster showing ovipositor. Scale bars: 200 um. 60 John T; Huber / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 63: 51-60 (2018) neotype designation for A. brevis is even more important. Body length and, possibly, relative length of ovipositor (compared to metatibia length) may also vary depending on host though this needs to be verified. Breeding experiments among individuals and their progeny reared on different hosts (Lygus spp. versus various Curculionidae) and rearing F1 progeny on the alternate host to their parents, as was done with Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 (Huber and Rajakulendran 1988) or several species of Anaphes reared from carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Curculionidae) (Huber et al. 1997), might elucidate whether only one or several biological species are involved. Acknowledgements Dominique Continot (retired, ARS USDA European Parasite Laboratory) kindly sent me specimens reared by him and Chao-dong Zhu (Chinese Academy of Sciences), send me the specimens from China. J. Read (CNC, retired) is especially thanked for preparing the images and compiling them into plates for publication. References Graham MWR de V (1982) The Haliday collection of Mymaridae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with taxonomic notes on some material in other collections. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (B)82: 189-243. Huber JT (2006 [2004]) Review of the described Nearctic species of the crassicornis group of Anaphes s.s. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 135: 3-86. Huber JT, Coté S, Boivin G (1997) Description of three new Anaphes species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Co- leoptera: Curculionidae), and redescription of Anaphes sordidatus Girault. The Canadian Entomologist 129: 959-977. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent129959-5 Huber JT, Rajakulendran SV (1988) Redescription of and host-induced antennal variation in Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasite of Miridae (Hemiptera) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist 120: 893-901. https://doi.org/10.4039/ Ent120893-10 Huber JT, Thurdczy C (2018) Review of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with key to species in Europe and a world catalogue. Zootaxa 4376(1): 1-104. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4376.1.1 Schwartz MD, Foottit RG (1998) Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Lygus Hahn, with a review of the Palearctic species (Heteroptera: Miridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 10: 1-428. Walker F (1846) Descriptions of the Mymaridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18: 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809494390