ote

JHR 51:55-89 (2016) JOURNAL OF ree soar
Piet peta (G-) Hymenoptera

http://jhr.pensoft.net The insertional Society of ymenoptersts. RESEARCH

Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Pergidae,
Tenthredinidae) from southern Ecuador, with
a new record for the country and some ecological data

Jean-Luc Boevé', Diego S. Marin-Armijos’, Diego F Dominguez”, David R. Smith?

| O.D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles,
Belgium 2 Museo de Colecciones Biolégicas, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Parti-
cular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, Loja, Ecuador 3 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, clo National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
PO. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA

Corresponding author: Jean-Luc Boevé (jean-luc.boeve@naturalsciences.be)

Academic editor: MZ. Prous | Received 11 July 2016 | Accepted 14 August 2016 | Published 29 August 2016
http://zoobank. org/062BE137-7933-4E23-AA76-061 FBO949E9F

Citation: Boevé J-L, Marin-Armijos DS, Dominguez DE, Smith DR (2016) Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Pergidae,
Tenthredinidae) from southern Ecuador, with a new record for the country and some ecological data. Journal of

Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89. doi: 10.3897/jhr.5 1.9830

Abstract

An illustrated list of species of sawflies collected during 2014 and 2015 in southern Ecuador is given.
One genus and species, Pristiphora fernandezi Smith (Tenthredinidae), is new for the country. Ecological
data are provided for Lagideus podocarpus Smith, sp. n. (Pergidae) that was observed feeding on Fuchsia
vulcanica L. (Onagraceae). Three new combinations are proposed: Bolivius notabilis (Konow, 1899), Plau-
manniana biclinea (Konow, 1899), and Proselandria alvina (Konow, 1899) (Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae).

Keywords

Species list, paramo, host plant, Fuchsia, Lagideus, larva, defence behaviour

Copyright Jean-Luc Boevé et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

56 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

Introduction

Most sawflies described from South America belong to the Tenthredinidae (Smith
2003a, 2003b), Argidae (Smith 1992), and Pergidae (Smith 1990). Worldwide, the
most species-rich family is the Tenthredinidae with over 5700 species (Taeger et al.
2010). The Argidae include ca. 900 species distributed throughout the world but with
a greatest number and diversity occurring in the Neotropical Region (Smith 1992).
They are mainly associated with angiosperms. ‘The Pergidae include ca. 440 species, oc-
curring in the Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions (Smith 1990; Schmidt
and Smith 2006). They are the most diverse in Australia and the Neotropics.

Related to its size, Ecuador is among the countries with highest biodiversity, which
is mainly due to its tropical location as well as the presence of the Andes, Amazon Ba-
sin and two major ocean streams. These combined factors lead to a high variety of dis-
tinct environments. One typical biotope for tropical highlands is called the ‘paramo’
which occurs in southern Ecuador.

Here, we list the sawflies which were collected mainly in the Podocarpus National
Park (NP) that is characterized by the paramo. The collections were performed in the
frame of a Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) project.

Methods

Sawflies were collected in southern Ecuador, mainly around Loja (e.g., Fig. 1) and
during October 2014. Most sawflies were collected as adults using a net, a few being
collected in yellow pan traps, while larvae were found only at one location. The speci-
mens were stored in ethanol, but some of the larvae were reared to obtain the adults.

Most pictures were taken by J.-L. Boevé with the following cameras: Pentax Optio
W10, Nikon Coolpix P300, and Nikon D7000. Since adult specimens are kept in
ethanol, they were slightly dried to take the pictures, which were mainly intended to
illustrate the habitus. Pictures were also taken by D. R. Smith (Fig. 10) and Thibaut
Delsinne (Fig. 21b, e, f, g).

The sawfly specimens collected as part of the GTI project are stored in the Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium (RBINS; J.-L. Boevé collec-
tion, with specimen reference codes starting with ‘P’), with duplicates located in the
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.,
USA (USNM), and Museo de Colecciones Bioldgicas, Universidad Técnica Particu-
lar de Loja, Ecuador (MUTPL). Sawfly specimens from the RBINS, Senckenberg
Deutsche Entomologisches Institut, Mtincheberg, Germany (SDEI), and USNM were
examined. Dates are given by dd.mm.year.

Taxonomic changes presented here are by D.R. Smith. Identifications of Argidae,
Pergidae, and Tenthredinidae (Nematinae) are based on Smith (1990, 1992, 2003b).
Identifications of Blennocampinae and Selandriinae (Tenthredinidae) are based on

Smith (2007) and unpublished manuscripts by D.R. Smith.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador oy

Figure |. Examples of biotopes in southern Ecuador and where sawflies were collected. a El Tiro (altitude
2815 m) b Cajanuma “Mirador” (3000 m) ¢ Colibri Station (2170 m) d Yangana (ca. 2500 m).

Results
Family Argidae

Scobina bolivari (Konow, 1899)
Fig. 2

Distribution. This species is known from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and
northern Argentina (Jujuy) (Smith 1992).

Material. Los Geraneos, 04°09'S, 078°38'W, 855m, 18.10.2014, P3944.B (1 9),
leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Scobina inculta (Konow, 1906)
Fig. 3

Distribution. Known from Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina

Jujuy) (Smith 1992).

58 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 2. Scobina bolivari, female (P3944.B), body length 8.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 3. Scobina inculta, female (P4120.A), body length 9.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a

Figure 4. Scobina notaticollis, female (P3891), body length 8.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 59

Material. Bombuscaro, 04°05'S, 078°57'W, 930m, 22.03.2015, P4120.A (1 9),
leg. T. Delsinne.

Scobina notaticollis (Konow, 1899)
Fig. 4

Distribution. Known from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, and Bolivia (Smith 1992).

Material. Vilcabamba, 04°16'S, 079°13'W, 1570m, 11.10.2014, P3891, P3892
(2 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Scobina spp.
Fig. 5

Material. S. of Yangana, 04°22'S, 079°10'W, 1940m, 09.10.2014, flying, P3890
(1 Q), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W,
2275m, 21.10.2014, on Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae), P3953.B (1 3), leg. J.-L.

Boevé.

Sericoceros gibbus (Klug, 1834)
Fig. 6

Distribution. A widespread species known from Mexico south to Guyana, Brazil, and
Peru.

Material. Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 17.10.2014,
flying while crossing footpath, P3937 (1 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Remarks. Larvae have been recorded from Coccoloba manzinellensis Beurl. and C.
caracasana Meisn. in Panama, and C. guanacastensis W. C. Biurger (Polygonaceae) in
Costa Rica. Notes on the biology were given by Smith and Janzen (2003).

Family Pergidae
Acordulecera spp.

Remarks. Probably four species were found in this study. It is a large genus of per-
haps 200 or more species that occurs from Canada to Chile. Smith (1990) listed 45
described species from the Neotropics.

Material. Valle de Quinara, 04°18'S, 079°16'W, 1550m, 09.10.2014, P3888.A,
P3888.B (2 4), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Station Colibri, Podocarpus NP, 03°59'S,

60 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

Cc d
Figure 5. Scobina sp. a, b Female (P3890), body length 8.0 mm c,d male (P3953.B), body length 7.5 mm

a, C Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

a b
Figure 6. Sericoceros gibbus, female (P3937), body length 9.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

079°06'W, 2170m, 13.10.2014, by sweeping, P3902 (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé;
Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014, P3934 (1 Q),
leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2275m,

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 61

a b

Figure 7. Decameria varipes, male (P3956.B), body length 4.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

21.10.2014, near rivulet, P3956.G (1 2), P3956.H, P3956.I, P3956.J (3 3), leg.
T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°10'W, 2810m,
23.10.2014, on leaf, P3971 (1 9), leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé.

Decameria varipes Cameron, 1883

Fig. 7

Distribution. This species occurs from Guatemala south to Ecuador (Smith 1990).
Material. nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2275m, 21.10.2014,
near rivulet, P3956.A, P3956.B, P3956.C, P3956.D, P3956.E, P3956.F (6 3), lege It
Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé, on leaf of Rubus sp. (Rosaceae), P3950 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.
Remarks. The thorax is typically partly red in most specimens; however melanic
forms are occasionally found. The specimens collected here are entirely black but agree in
all structural features with the red form. Colour variation is common in some Perreyiinae.

Decameria sp.
Fig. 8

Material. Loja, Reinaldo Espinosa Botanical Garden, 04°02'S, 079°12'W, 2145m,
14.10.2014, P3915 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Lagideus podocarpus Smith, sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/A9 FD9A79-348 D-42A2-8176-AAF8A2CODA07
Figs 9-11

Description. Female. Unknown.

62 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 8. Decameria sp., male (P3915), body length 5.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 9. Lagideus podocarpus, male (P3898.etc>13), body length 6.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Figure 10. Male genitalia of Lagideus podocarpus. At left, genital capsule, ventral view; at right, penis

valve, lateral view with dorsal margin to right.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 63

Male. Length 7.0 mm. Antenna and head black; labrum and mouthparts white;
mandible dark red brown. Thorax black with posterior corners of pronotum orange.
Fore and midlegs light orange; fore coxa black with white stripe on outer surface and
extreme apex white; mid coxa black with extreme apex white. Hind legs black with
extreme apex of coxa, trochanters, and extreme base of femur white and about basal
half of tibia light orange. Wings hyaline; veins and stigma black.

Head with vertex and frons shiny, very few widely scattered punctures; area ad-
jacent to inner orbits slightly dull, micropunctured; with long golden hairs, as long
as or longer than second antennomere. Antenna 1.5x head width; antennomeres 4-8
bipectinate, antennomere 3 unipectinate with inner ramus absent to very slightly
indicated (Smith 2012: fig. 25); apical antennomere with rami less than half length
of stem. Malar space linear. Thorax shiny; mesonotum with distinct punctures, sepa-
rated by flat shiny interspaces more than puncture diameters; with long golden hair
on dorsum and grey to white hair on pleurae and sterna. Hindbasitarsomere slightly
longer than length of remaining tarsomeres combined; inner hind tibial spur about
0.6x length of basitarsomere. Genitalia in Fig. 10; parapenis uniformly broad, not
distinctly indented on posterior margin; valviceps of penis valve with dorsal margin
concave.

Type material. Holotype labelled “Ad.M, ex-larva,” “ECUADOR: Cajanuma,
Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°10'W, 2810 m, X.2014, on Fuchsia vulcanica, JLBoevé
leg. RBINS, EtOH100%, P3898.etc>10” (RBINS). Paratypes: Same data as for holo-
type except P3898.etc>01 (1 3), P3898.etc>02 (1 4), P3898.etc>03 (1 4), P3898.
etc>04 (1 4), P3898.etc>05 (1 4), P3898.etc>06 (1 4), P3898.etc>07 (1 4), P3898.
etc>08 (1 4), P3898.etc>09 (1 4), P3898.etc>11 (1 4), P3898.etc>12 (1 3), P3898.
etc>14 (1 4); these specimens are in RBINS, USNM and MUTPL.

Other material. Cajanuma, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°10'W, 2810m,
11.10.2014, on Fuchsia vulcanica (Onagraceae), P3898 (6 larvae), 14.10.2014, on
EF. vulcanica, P3917 (4 larvae), P3919 (20-30 larvae), 23.10.2014, on - vulcanica,
P3968 (>30 larvae), P3969 (6 larvae), P3970 (6 larvae), P3976 (4 larvae), leg. J.-L.
Boevé.

Etymology. Named for Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, where the collec-
tions were made; a noun in apposition.

Comments. Although only the male is known, it differs from described species,
and we prefer to have a name since it was reared and the life history and host plant are
known. Only females are known for most species of Lagideus, and this could be the op-
posite sex of one of those. However, this won’t be known until the sexes are associated.

The bipectinate antennomeres 4-8 and unipectinate antennomere 3 will take this
species to couplet 17c in Smith (2012) which includes L. longicus Smith and L. tapanti
Smith, both known from Costa Rica. The black antenna and similarity of genitalia will
put it closest to L. longicus.

Lagideus tapanti has white hairs on the head and body, antennomeres 1-3 or 4 yel-
lowish, thorax black, and legs black with the base of the femora white; the antenna
(Smith 2012: fig. 25) has the rami of the apical antennomere much longer than the stem;

64 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

Figure I 1. Life history traits of Lagideus podocarpus. a A patch of the host plant Fuchsia vulcanica b a

plant with feeding damage, seen from above ce larvae attached to the underside of leaves, seen from

below f a larva that just moulted with exuvia visible.

and the parapenis of the male genitalia are lobed posteriorly with a central, shallow poste-
rior emargination (Smith 2012: fig. 28). Lagideus longicus is entirely black and the apical
antennomere has long rami as in L. tapanti; the parapenis of the genitalia is distinctly
indented posteriorly for at least a third of its medial length (Smith 2012: fig. 29); and the
valviceps of the penis valve have a straight dorsal margin (Smith 2012: fig. 33).

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 65

Lagideus podocarpus can be distinguished from both these species by light orange
posterior corners of the pronotum; the light orange fore and mid legs (except the partly
black coxae); basal half of the hind tibia light orange; the antennae, similar to L. longi-
cus (Smith 2012: fig. 25) except the rami of the apical antennomere are short, less than
half the length of the stem; and the male genitalia (Fig. 10) which has the parapenis
nearly uniformly broad, without a central posterior emargination and the valviceps of
the penis valve distinctly concave dorsally.

The length varies slightly 6.0—-7.5 mm. The tegulae may be black to brown or
partly light orange as are posterior corners of the pronotum.

Life history. The population of L. podocarpus at Cajanuma (Fig. 11) consisted
of larvae found within a circumference of ca. 100 m, on several patches of the host
plant, F vulcanica L. (Onagraceae). The larvae were attached to the underside of a
leaf and they were generally aggregated in that one or a few individuals occurred per
leaf. Younger larvae skeletonised the leaves and made holes in the leaf, whereas larvae
of later instars attacked the leaf up to its edge. Larvae fed on both younger and older
leaves. One large patch of flowering plants clearly harboured fewer larvae than the
smaller and more numerous spots of non-flowering plants. The larvae being kept in
rearing still appeared as healthy, despite the fact that the offered leaves (during No-
vember 2014) were less fresh and rather decaying. A couple of plant species and varie-
ties were also offered to them to roughly establish their diet breadth. Fuchsia ‘Koralle’
was rather accepted, whereas only very few small holes were made on leaves of Fuchsia
‘Gartenmeister Bonstedt’. These two varieties are cultivars of Fuchsia triphylla that is
related to F. vulcanica (Marc Reynders, personal communication). A leaf of Oenothera
sp. (Onagraceae) was also tested, but not accepted.

Larvae of nearly all instars were found in the field, but no adults were collected by
sweeping. Among the larvae kept in rearing, several individuals reached the eonymph
stage (Fig. 11g—h), during the first ten days of October 2014. They formed a cocoon
between fresh or rather decaying leaves (Fig.11i), or in an offered layer of moistened
sand. At the end of October, prepupae and cocoons occurred in the rearing. A total of
14 adults, all males, emerged from 20.11 to 12.12.2014.

Once disturbed, a larva of L. podocarpus reacted immediately by raising its ab-
domen (Fig. 11j), then slowly lowering it. This reaction could be repeated several
times, under successive disturbances. After several such behaviours, the larva tended
to slightly walk backwards. ‘The prepupa reacted under disturbance by curling its body
and making some slow movements. To further investigate the larval defensive behav-
iour, a dozen workers of the ant species Eciton burchellii Westwood (Formicidae) were
collected in the field (Pueblo Viela, 15.10.2016), held without feeding, and used ca.
36 h later. The bioassay consisted of placing seven ant workers and one larva settled
on a host plant leaf in an open box, the interactions being then filmed. As far as no
ant contacted the larva, the latter remained merely immobile. But once contacted, the
larva instantly raised its abdomen and directed the apical filaments towards the ag-
eressor (Fig. 11k—I). Thus, these filaments seem to play a major role in defence. Their
size is impressive, with a length of 13 mm for a remaining body size of 16 mm. The

66 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

k

Figure I 1. Continue. g, h prepupal stage i cocoon j screenshot of a video clip, the thorax of the larva
was touched with flexible forceps a second before k, I two screenshots of a video clip performed during a
bioassay, both being spaced by 1 sec: an ant is approaching the larva (first screenshot), then touching it,
which immediately provokes the defensive behaviour of the larva that directs its caudal filaments towards

its aggressor (second screenshot).

filaments resemble those of the larvae of Philomastix; the two genera are sister-groups
(Schmidt and Walter 2014). However, the filaments protrude from the apical segment
in Lagideus and the ninth one in Philomastix (Smith and Bado 2004). Moreover, it

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 67

seems that they are clearly covered with spines in Lagideus only (Fig. 11; Smith and
Bado 2004). It is unclear whether the defence is only physical, or includes chemical
compounds. Larvae of Pergidae contain toxic peptides which are active against verte-
brates and invertebrates (Boevé et al. 2014), but whether Lagideus sp. contains such
compounds remains unknown.

Note that another sawfly species (Tenthredinidae) was found among the col-
lected leaves (and stems) of F. vulcanica, but in much lower numbers (2 individuals:
11.10.2014, P3899, and 14.10.2014, P3919.C1) than Lagideus sp. (>90 in total). This
plant constitutes a host plant, since a larva of the tenthredinid was placed on an intact
leaf and the larva ingested significant parts of it.

Perreyia picea (Westwood, 1874)
Fig. 12

Distribution. This species is known from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil (Smith
1990).

Material. nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 21.10.2014,
P3957.E (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Family Tenthredinidae
Subfamily Blennocampinae

Metapedias sp.
Fig. 13

Distribution. This Neotropical genus occurs from Mexico to Argentina and includes
about 25 species.

Material. Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014,
flying just above the ground, P3935 (1 9), leg. J.-L. Boevé; N. of Pachicutza, 04°04'S,
078°38'W, 900m, 18.10.2014, P3942.C (1 4), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Loja, Es-
tacién Cientifica San Francisco, 03°58'S, 079°05'W, 1820m, 24.03.2015, P4121.B (1
Q), leg. T. Delsinne.

Waldheimia atripennis (Fabricius, 1804)
Fig. 14

Distribution. ‘This is a relatively common species occurring from Costa Rica to Brazil
and Argentina.

Material. Bombuscaro, road to Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 975m,
08.10.2014, P3883 (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP,

68 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 12. Perreyia picea, male (P3957.E), body length 6.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

c d

Figure 13. Metapedias sp. a, b Female (P4121.B), body length 6.0 mm c, d male (P3942.C), body

length 6.5 mm. a, ¢€ Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

04°06'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014, P3936.D (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Los
Geraneos, 04°09'S, 078°38'W, 855m, 18.10.2014, P3944.A (1 @), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L.
Boevé, P3941 (1 4), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Miasi, 04°15'S, 078°20'W, 875m, 19.10.2014,

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 69

Figure 14. Waldheimia atripennis, male (P3967.U), body length 7.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

P3945 (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, on/around leaf of Anthurium sp. (Araceae),
P3946.A, P3946.B, P3946.C (3 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP,
04°09'S, 078°56'W, 1100m, 22.10.2014, P3967.0 (1 2), P3967.U, P3967.W (2 3),
leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Waldheimia erebus (W.F. Kirby, 1882)
Fig. 15

Distribution. This species is known from Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.

Material. Bombuscaro, road to Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 955-—
975m, 08.10.2014, flying around plants of Sticherus sp. (Gleicheniaceae), P3866,
P3867, P3868, P3869 (4 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3880, P3881, P3882, (3 3), leg.
A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Pueblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W, 1060m, 15.10.2014, on
leaftePAnthuimui: spss 3926738 (ly). B35 90634. P3996,6. P3926.) = P3926.E,
P3926.F, P3926.H (6 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro, Podocarpus
NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014, P3936.B, P3936.C, P3936.E (3 3),
leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°09'S, 078°56'W,
1100m, 22.10.2014, P3967.V (1 &), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, P3962.B,
P3962.C, P3962.D, P3962.E (4 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3967.Q, P3967.R, P3967.S,
P3967.T, P3967.X, P3967.Y (6 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, flying, P3959,
P39G61,°P396551+ P3963:],. P3963.K/P3963°6,P39635.M..P3965-N.. P3963 OV)
S), on leaf of Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae), P3960.C, P3960.D (2 3),
on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3958.F, P3958.G (2 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro,
04°05'S, 078°57'W, 930m, 22.03.2015, P4120.D, P4120.E, P4120.G (3 3), leg.
T. Delsinne; Zamora, Copalinga, 04°05'S, 078°57'W, 1000m, 21.07.2015, P4125
(1 3), leg. T. Delsinne.

70 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

c d
Figure 15. Waldheimia erebus. a, b Female (P3926.B), body length 7.5 mm ¢, d male (P3967.R), body

length 8.0 mm. a, ¢ Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

Figure 16. Waldheimia pellucida, male (P3958.D), body length 6.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Waldheimia pellucida Konow, 1904
Fig. 16

Distribution. Known from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 71

Material. Bombuscaro, road to Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 955m,
08.10.2014, flying, P3865 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3875, P3876, P3877 (3 3), leg. A.
Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Pueblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W, 1060m, 15.10.2014, on leaf of
Anthurium sp., P3928.A (1 Q), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; N. of Pachicutza, 04°04'S,
078°38'W, 900m, 18.10.2014, P3942.B (1 4), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Miasi, 04°15'S,
078°20'W, 875m, 19.10.2014, on/around leaf of Anthurium sp., P3946.E, P3946.F,
P3946.G (3 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°57'W,
995m, 22.10.2014, on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3958.D (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Waldheimia sp.
Figs 7

Material. nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 21.10.2014,
P3957.A (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Subfamily Nematinae

Pristiphora fernandezi D.R. Smith, 2003
Fig. 18

Distribution. Pristiphora is the only native genus of Nematinae in the Neotropics.
Nine species were recorded by Smith (2003), from Mexico to Brazil. Pristiphora fer-
nandezi was described from Colombia, and the specimen from the Podocarpus NP is
the first record of both the species and genus from Ecuador.

Material. Station Colibri, Podocarpus NP, 03°59'S, 079°06'W, 2170m, 17—
20.10.2014, with yellow pan trap, P3948 (1 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Subfamily Selandriinae

Neotropical Selandriinae are poorly studied. Identifications below are based on a key to
genera in Smith (2007). Correct combinations of many of the described species have
not been published, including three species collected in this study. To apply the correct
name to them, the new combinations are presented here.

Adiaclema sp.
Fig. 19

Remarks. A large genus of about 30 species which occur from Mexico to Argentina.
Material. Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°09'S, 078°57'W, 1135m, 22.10.2014,
flying near rivulet, P3964.B (1 9), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

72, Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 17. Waldheimia sp., male (P3957.A), 9.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 18. Pristiphora fernandezi, female (P3948), body length 8.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 19. Adiaclema sp., female (P3964.B), body length 9.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 73

Andeana farcta (Konow, 1900)
Figs 20, 21a—c

Distribution. This species is known from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Material. Yangana, 04°25'S, 079°09'W, 2450m, 09.10.2014, P3889 (1 ©),
leg. D. Dominguez, J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°11'W,
2700m, 11.10.2014, by sweeping herbs, P3893, P3894, P3895, P3896 (4 3),
leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3897 (1 3), leg. Carlos R. Carreira, J.-L. Boevé; N. of Santiago,
03°48'S, 079°16'W, 2550m, 12.10.2014, under a leaf, P3900.A (1 3), leg. J.-L. Bo-
evé, P3900.B (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S,
079°10'W, 2750m, 14.10.2014, P3921 (1 4), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Loja, Re-
inaldo Espinosa Botanical Garden, 04°02'S, 079°12'W, 2145m, 14.10.2014, by
sweeping grass, P3911 (1 en leg. J.-L. Boevé; S. of Yangana, 04°25'S, 079°09'W,
2515m, 15.10.2014, P3932 (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Valladolid, along river,
04°33'S, 079°08'S, 1605m, by sweeping grass, P3929 (1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Vil-
cabamba (in the car), P3933 (1 ©), leg. J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal,

Figure 20. Andeana farcta. a, b Female (P3929), body length 10.0 mm ¢, d male (P3894), body length

8.5 mm. a, C Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

74 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

d y Bes

Figure 21. Pictures of sawfly adults taken in the field. a, ¢ Andeana farcta (P3952 or P3954) b A. farcta
(Reserva El Madrigal, 27.03.2015) d Proselandria sp. (P3905).

04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 21.10.2014, P3955.A (1 ©), leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L.
Boevé, P3957.B, P3957.C (2 4), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, P3954.A, P3954.B,
P3954.C (3 ©), leg. J.-L. Boevé, on Sida sp. (Malvaceae), P3952.A, P3952.B,
P3952.C (3 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Loja, La Argelia, 04°01'S, 079°12'W, 2130m,
25.10.2014, landing on the ground, P3977 (1 Q), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; nr
Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 27.03.2015, one specimen
on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae), P4123.A, P4123.B (2 3), leg. T. Delsinne.

Andeana sp.
Fig. 72

Remarks. A genus of about 15 species in the Neotropics.

Material. N. of Pachicutza, 04°04'S, 078°38'W, 900m, 18.10.2014, P3940.D
(1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Loja, Estacién Cientifica San Francisco, 03°58'S, 079°05'W,
1820m, 26.03.2015, P4122 (1 Q), leg. T. Delsinne.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador ID

Figure 21. Continue. Pictures of sawfly adults taken in the field. e, f Neonapeptamena sp. (P3973.B)
g Stromboceridea albilabris (Reserva El Madrigal, 27.03.2015) h Bolivius notabilis (P3966).

Aneugmenus sp.
Fig. 23

Remarks. Smith (2005) recorded two species in northern South America, Venezuela,
Colombia, and Ecuador, the southern extent of this Holarctic genus. One species, A.
merida Smith, was reared from bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) in Venezuela.
The specimen collected here is a male and could be either of the two species; the male
is not known for A. colombia Smith.

Material. nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2280m, 21.10.2014,
by sweeping on Preridium sp. (Dennstaedtiaceae), P3949 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Bolivius notabilis (Konow, 1899), comb. n.
Figs 21h, 24

Stromboceros notabilis Konow 1899: 294; Konow 1903: 148 (female); Konow 1905:
98; Oehlke and Wudowenz 1984: 399; Taeger et al. 2010: 534.

76 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 22. Andeana sp., female (P3940.D), body length 8.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 23. Aneugmenus sp., male (P3949), body length 6.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Remarks. ‘The male holotype cited by Oehlke and Wudowenz (1984) at SDEI is here
considered a lectotype designation. Konow did not give the number of specimens
available, but it was the only one found at SDEI. It is labelled “Callanga, Cuczo,
Peru,”, “Coll. Konow,” “TYPE”, “Stromboeros notabilis Knw., Peru.”.

Distribution. This species is now known from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Material. Bombuscaro, road to Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 975m,
08.10.2014, P3873, P3874, P3878 (3 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Bombusca-
ro, Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014, P3936.A (1 3), leg.
A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; N. of Pachicutza, 04°04'S, 078°38'W, 900m, 18.10.2014,
P3940.C (1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3940.B (1 6), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3942.A (1 3),
leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°09'S, 078°56'W,
1100m, 22.10.2014, P3962.A (1 ©), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3967.B, P3967.C, P3967.D,
P3967.E, P3967.F, P3967.G, P3967.H, P3967.K, P3967.L, P3967.P (10 3), leg. A.
Pauly.§) AL. (Boeve .Ayines?3963 4. Ch °9)5=P3963.BP3963:6P3963.)), P3963.E;
P3963.F, P3963.G, P3963.H (7 4), flying near rivulet, P3964.A (1 ), P3965,

Sawflies from southern Ecuador ie

c d
Figure 24. Bolivius notabilis. a, b Female (P3940.C), body length 6.5 mm c, d male (P3940.B), body

length 7.0 mm. a, ¢€ Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

P3966 (2 4), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro, 04°05'S, 078°57'W, 930m, 22.03.2015,
P4120.C (1 Q), leg. T. Delsinne.

Dochmioglene sp.
Fig. 25

Remarks. A genus of about 10 species in Central and South America.
Material. Loja, Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, 03°58'S, 079°05'W, 1820m,
24.03.2015, P4121.A (1 9), leg. T. Delsinne.

Inea sp.
Fig. 26

Remarks. A genus of about 20 species in Mexico, Central America, and northern
South America.

78 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

a b
Figure 25. Dochmioglene sp., female (P4121.A), body length 8.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

a b
Figure 26. /nea sp., male (P3943.A), body length 5.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Material. Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 955m, 08.10.2014,
flying, P3870, P3871, P3872 (3 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Pueblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W,
1060m, 15.10.2014, on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3926.G (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Bo-
evé; Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°58'W, 995m, 16.10.2014, P3936.F (1
ais leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Los Geraneos, 04°09'S, 078°38'W, 855m, 18.10.2014,
P3944.C (1 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, P3943.A, P3943.B (2 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé;
Bombuscaro, 04°05'S, 078°57'W, 930m, 22.03.2015, P4120.F (1 4), leg. T. Delsinne;
Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°57'W, 995m, 22.10.2014, on leaf of An-
thurium sp., P3958.E (1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Neoanapeptamena sp.
Figs 21e-f, 27

Remarks. ‘This genus includes about three species and occurs only in Colombia, Ecuador,
and Peru.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 79

a b
Figure 27. Neoanapeptamena sp., female (P3973.B), body length 9.0 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

Material. Cajanuma “Mirador”, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°11'W, 3000m,
14.10.2014, on leaf of Macrocarpaea arborescens (Gentianaceae), P3918 (1 3), leg. J.-L.
Boevé, 23.10.2014, P3973.A, P3973.B (2 Q), leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma,
Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°10'W, 2750m, 14.10.2014, P3920 (1 Q), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L.
Boevé, 2810m, 23.10.2014, P3972.A, P3972.B (2 9), leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé.

Plaumanniana biclinea (Konow, 1899), comb. n.
Fig. 28

Stromboceros biclinius Konow 1899: 293; Konow 1905: 97; Oehlke and Wudowenz
1984: 369; Taeger et al. 2010: 532.
Strongylogaster biclinius: Enderlein 1920: 361.

Remarks. Two males and four females at SDEI are labelled “Callanga, Cuczo, Peru,”
“Coll. Konow,” “T'YPUS”, and one male has the label “Stromboceros biclinius Konow,
Peru.” The male with Konow's, determination label is hereby designated lectotype.
The other specimens are paralectotypes.

‘This species is now known from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Material. Pucblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W, 1060m, 15.10.2014, on leaf of Anthuri-
UniSp... P3927 ce OI927- Bs P3927 P3927 DePa92 7B, P3927 ESP 3927 Gy P3902 7-11
(8 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Romerillos, nr Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S, 078°57'W,
995m, 22.10.2014, on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3958.C (1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Plaumanniana sp.

Fig: 29

Remarks. About 20 species are included in this genus which occurs form Central
America to Argentina.

80 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

c d

Figure 28. Plaumanniana biclinea. a, b Female (P3958.C), body length 9.0 mm c, d male (P3927.B),
body length 8.5 mm. a, € Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

Material. Miasi, 04°15'S, 078°20'W, 875m, 19.10.2014, flying under leaf of An-
thurium sp., P3946.H (1 Q), leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro, 04°05'S,
078°57'W, 930m, 22.03.2015, P4120.B (1 9), leg. T. Delsinne; Romerillos, nr Po-
docarpus NP, 04°09'S, 078°56'W, 1100m, 22.10.2014, P3967.A (1 Q), leg. A. Pauly,
J.-L. Boevé, P3967.1, P3967.J, P3967.M, P3967.N (4 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé,
on leaf of Hedychium coronarium, P3960.A, P3960.B (2 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé, on leaf of
Anthurium sp., P3958.A, P3958.B (2 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Proselandria alvina (Konow, 1899), comb. n.
Fig. 30

Stromboceros alvinus Konow, 1899: 292; Oehlke and Wudowenz 1984: 366; Taeger et
al. 2010: 532.

Remarks. Konow described both sexes of this species from “Peru (Callanga, Cuczo)”.
Two males and one female labelled as types are at SDEI. The lectotype, here desig-
nated, is a male labelled “Callanga, Cuczo, Peru,” “coll. Konow,” “TYPE”, “Strom-

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 81

c
Figure 29. Plaumanniana sp. a, b Female (P3946.H), body length 9.0 mm ¢, d male (P3960.A), body

length 7.5 mm. a, € Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

boceros alvinus Knw, Peru.” The female and other male have the same data but lack a
determination label. The female is a paralectotype, but the male belongs to the genus
Bolivius. D. R. Smith did not designate a lectotype prior to Oehlke and Wudowenz
(1984) who stated one was designated by D. R. Smith in 1976.

Distribution. This species is now known from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Material. Pueblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W, 1060m, 15.10.2014, on leaf of Anthuri-
um sp., P3928.C (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Bombuscaro, Podocarpus NP, 04°06'S,
078°58'W, 995m, 17.10.2014, P3938 (1 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; N. of Pachicutza,
04°04'S, 078°38'W, 900m, 18.10.2014, P3940.A (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé.

Proselandria carminea (Jorgensen, 1913)

Fig. 31

Remarks. ‘This species occurs only in western South America from Colombia to northern
Argentina.

Material. nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 27.03.2015,
P4123.0, P4123.P (2 3), leg. T. Delsinne.

82 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

c d
Figure 30. Proselandria alvina. a, b Female (P3938), body length 5.5 mm c, d male (P3928.C), body

length 5.5 mm. a, € Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

Figure 31. Proselandria carminea, male (P4123.O), body length 5.5 mm, lateral view.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 83

e f

Figure 32. Proselandria sp. a, b Female (P3928.B), body length 6.0 mm ¢, d female (P3903), body length
6.0 mm e, f male (P3904), body length 6.0 mm. a, e Dorsal views b, d, f ventral views, ¢€ lateral view.

Proselandria spp.
Figs: 21d,/32

Remarks. About 20 species are known, from Mexico to Argentina.
Material. Loja, Reinaldo Espinosa Botanical Garden, 04°02'S, 079°12'W, 2145m,
14.10.2014, P3903 (1 ), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3904, P3909, P3910 (3 3), leg. J.-L. Bo-

84 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

evé, P3916 (1 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, flying, P3908 (1 3), by sweeping grass,
P3912 (1 Y), on leaf of Ismene longipetala (Amaryllidaceae), P3905, P3907 (2 9),
P3906 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Pueblo Viela, 04°38'S, 079°08'W, 1060m, 15.10.2014,
on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3928.B (1 ), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; Miasi, 04°15'S,
078°20'W, 875m, 19.10.2014, on/around leaf of Anthurium sp., P3946.D (1 9), leg.
J.-L. Boevé.

Stromboceridea albilabris (Konow, 1885)
Figs 21g, 33

Distribution. Stromboceridea occurs from southwestern United States through west-
ern South America to northern Argentina. This species is known from Colombia, Ec-
uador, Peru and Bolivia.

Material. Bosque “El Sayo”, 03°49'S, 079°17'W, 2760m, 12.10.2014, under leaf of
bamboo (Poaceae), P3901 (1 <3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S,
079°10'W, 2750m, 14.10.2014, P3922, P3923, P3924 (3 3), 2810m, 23.10.2014,

c d

Figure 33. Stromboceridea albilabris. a, b Female (P3957.D), body length 9.5 mm ¢, d male (P3922),
body length 7.5 mm. a, € Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 85

P3975-A,: P3975.B,:P3975:G, P3975.D). P3975.Ey P3975:8 (6.6); lees A.: Pauly»:
L. Boevé; Loja, Reinaldo Espinosa Botanical Garden, 04°02'S, 079°12'W, 2145m,
14.10.2014, by sweeping grass, P3914 (1 9), leg. J.-L. Boevé; S. of Yangana, 04°32'S,
079°08'W, 1880m, 15.10.2014, on leaf of Anthurium sp., P3930.A, P3930.B, P3930.C,
P3930.D, P3930.E (5 3), leg, J.-L. Boevé, P3931.A, P3931,B, P3931.C, P3931,D
(4 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W,
2270m, 21.10.2014, P3957.D (1 9), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, P3955.B (1 és; leg.
T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé, on Rumex crispus, P3953.A (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; Cajanuma
“Mirador”, Podocarpus NP, 04°07'S, 079°10'W, 2810m, 23.10.2014, P3974 (1 3),
leg. T. Delsinne, J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m,
27.03.2015, P4123.E (1 2), leg. T. Delsinne, P4123.C, P4123.D, P4123.1, P4123),
P4123.K, P4123.L, P4123.M, P4123.N (8 4), leg. T. Delsinne.

Stromboceridea sp.
Fig. 34

Remarks. About 20 species are known.

Material. Loja, Reinaldo Espinosa Botanical Garden, 04°02'S, 079°12'W, 2145m,
14.10.2014, by sweeping grass, P3913 (1 ), leg. J.-L. Boevé; nr Loja, Reserva El Madrigal,
04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2280m, 21.10.2014, near rivulet, P3951 (1 3), leg. J.-L. Boevé; nr
Loja, Reserva El Madrigal, 04°02'S, 079°11'W, 2270m, 27.03.2015, P4123.F, P4123.G,
P4123.H (3 Q), leg. T. Delsinne, P4123.Q, P4123.R (2 3), leg. T. Delsinne.

Tioloma nigrita Strand, 1911
Fig. 35

Distribution. Known only from Ecuador.

a b
Figure 34. Stromboceridea sp., male (P3951), body length 5.5 mm. a Dorsal view b ventral view.

86 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

c d
Figure 35. 7ioloma nigrita. a, b Female (P3939), body length 8.5 mm ¢, d male (P3947), body length

7.0 mm. a, € Dorsal views b, d ventral views.

Material. El Tiro, road Loja - Zamora, 03°59'S, 079°09'W, 2815m, 08.10.2014,
P3884 (1 Q), leg. J.-L. Boevé, P3886 (1 Q), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé, P3885, P3887
(2 3), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé; El Tiro, road Loja - Zamora, 03°59'S, 079°09'W,
2815m, 17.10.2014, with yellow pan trap, P3939 (1 2), 17—20.10.2014, with yellow
pan trap, P3947 (1 ©), leg. A. Pauly, J.-L. Boevé.

Altitudinal distribution

Sawflies were collected in the field at altitudes ranging from ca. 900 to 3000 m (Fig.
36). Some trends can be deduced from this figure, although with caution because, first,
for several species only one or a couple of specimens could be collected, and, second,
no systematic (e.g., trapping) methodology was used. At all collection sites, however,
no specimens were discarded a priori. Thus, conclusions drawn from this figure may
become pertinent by considering relatively common species, and/or when these were
collected at several sites far from each other.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 87

3000 -

2000
1000 | | | |
0 | T T T T
~ Bs

ALTITUDE (m)

SHELF LOH SED PLD IPH PHS HNO OOD OPP OP LS
PS QP OES” PE SO WX BX SS FX SE LR GPL PEL PE EP EE BF FE GE AB
So ENS & o> ee we oe & ee ee oe & &: PLE LES OEN SF & S
PF LP SE PEL a? SO SS EC SF SP SE LE SE EE FE ES PF EO ES 2 DF & LE
ar oS Vv xX A a NE sO BF DO OP MO BE Be a BOL or ees) xP
OS Oy PPB RH TF SE DP Fe BP _F ar" ak OE EE GS
Oo eG Na fe) PR TP aK OS SH OD WF BH Mr HE ae™ OW 7D
FP PS EF ESF SE SF OS 2} Fo” s SS ee s Se oy
Sek EP Me SY y R eos & Ra a" 8 s
3 i. 9° J OS &
e g & iS x
ro) We
road
Hs
Rs
Oe
OF
SPECIES r

Figure 36. Distribution of collected sawfly species in function of the altitude. The histogram shows

mean values with standard deviations; numbers of individuals are given between square brackets.

Among species with more than eight exemplars, /nea sp., the three identified Wala-
heimia species, the two Plaumanniana species, and Bolivius notabilis occurred at an alti-
tude of ca. 1000 m. In contrast, Stromboceridea albilabris and Andeana farcta were col-
lected above 2000 m. ‘The variation in specific altitudes is rather low (Fig. 36) and most
of these nine species were collected at different sites, which suggests that each species is
indeed restricted to a given altitude. Three other species, Lagideus podocarpus, Tioloma
nigrita, and Neoanapeptamena sp., were collected at an altitude of 2500-3000 m, the
two latter taxa being known to occur at high altitudes (Malaise 1963, Strand 1913).

The ‘altitudinal slots’ of the sawfly species are probably linked to those of their
host plants and/or to abiotic factors. However, such ecological data are still missing
for most South American sawflies, and the present identification and description of
L. podocarpus is just one example of a species that has remained unknown, and which
are living at a high altitude. It emphasizes the importance of preserving a diversity of
biotopes. In the case of a country such as Ecuador, the paramo clearly belongs to such
valuable natural environments characterized by both a high altitude and very high
biological value.

Acknowledgments

Thibaut Delsinne is warmly thanked for the identification of ants, and for providing a
significant amount of specimens and several pictures. We thank Alain Pauly (RBINS,
Brussels) who also provided us with specimens, Hugo Omar Cabrera (Herbario UTPL)
for the identification of plants, Ximena Cueva and Carlos Ruiz Carreira (MUTPL) for

88 Jean-Luc Boevé et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 55-89 (2016)

attending some field trips, and M. Reynders (Botanical Garden Meise, Belgium) for
providing Fuchsia plants, as well as the subject editor Marko Prous, and the reviewers
Stefan Schmidt and Andrew Liston for comments on the manuscript. D. R. Smith
thanks A. Taeger (SDEI) for allowing study of Konow's type material. The GTI pro-
ject was managed in collaboration with C. R. Carreira and David Donoso (MUTPL)
and funded by the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation. Permits
were obtained from the Ministerio del Ambiente Loja, Ecuador.

References

Boevé J-L, Rozenberg R, Shinohara A, Schmidt S (2014) Toxic peptides occur frequently in per-
gid and argid sawfly larvae. PLoS ONE 9(8): 105301. doi: 10.137 1/journal.pone.0105301

Enderlein G (1920) Symphytologica H. Zur Kenntnis der Tenthrediniden. Sitzungsberichte
der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 9[1919]: 347-374.

Konow FW (1899) Neue siidamerikanische Stromboceros-Arten (Fam. Tenthredinidae). Wiener
Entomologische Zeitung 18(10): 289-299.

Konow FW (1903) Neue Tenthrediniden. (Hym.) (Blennocampides, Selandriades und 1 Va-
rietat von Allantus fasciatus Scop.). Zeitschrift fir systematische Hymenopterologie und
Dipterologie 3(3): 145-153.

Konow FW (1905) Hymenoptera Fam. Tenthredinidae. In: Wytsman P (Ed.) Genera Insectorum,
Fasc. 29. Bruxelles, 176 pp.

Malaise R (1963) Hymenoptera Tenthredinoidea, subfamily Selandriinae. Key to the genera of
the world. Entomologisk Tidskrift 84(3-4): 159-215.

Oehlke J, Wudowenz J (1984) Katalog der in den Sammlungen der Abteilung Taxonomie
der Insekten des Institutes fiir Pflanzenschutzforschung, Bereich Eberswalde (ehemals
Deutsches Entomologisches Institut), aufbewahrten Typen - XXII (Hymenoptera: Sym-
phyta). Beitrage zur Entomologie 34(2): 363-420.

Schmidt S, Smith DR (2006) An annotated systematic world catalogue of the Pergidae (Hyme-
noptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 34(3): 1-207.

Schmidt S$, Walter GH (2014) Young clades in an old family: Major evolutionary transitions
and diversification of the eucalypt-feeding pergid sawflies in Australia (Insecta, Hyme-
noptera, Pergidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 74: 111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.
ympev.2014.02.002

Smith DR (1990) A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of America south of the
United States: Pergidae. Revista Brasiliera de Entomologia 34(1): 7-200.

Smith DR (1992) A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the
United States: Argidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society No. 39, 201 pp.

Smith DR (2003a) A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America South of the
United States: Tenthredinidae (Allantinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 12(1): 148-192.

Smith DR (2003b) A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America South of
the United States: Tenthredinidae (Nematinae, Heterarthrinae, Tenthredininae). Transac-

tions of the American Entomological Society 129(1): 1-45.

Sawflies from southern Ecuador 89

Smith DR (2005) Two new fern-feeding sawflies of the genus Aneugmenus Hartig (Hymenop-
tera: Tenthredinidae) from South America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington 107(2): 273-278.

Smith DR (2007) Capitulo 18, Familia Tenthredinidae. In: Fernandez F, Sharkey MJ (Eds)
Introduccién a los Hymenoptera de la regi6n Neotropical. Sociedad Colombiana de Ento-
mologia y Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D. C., 243-252.

Smith DR (2012) The South American genus Lagideus Konow (Hymenoptera: Pergidae: Syzy-
goniinae), a supplement. Zootaxa 3413: 1-18.

Smith DR, Bado SG (2004) First food plant record for Lagideus Konow (Hymenoptera: Per-
gidae), a new species feeding on Fuchsia and Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in Argentina. Journal
of Hymenoptera Research 13(1): 120-124.

Smith DR, Janzen DH (2006) Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the family Argidae
(Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Hymenop-
tera Research 12: 193-208.

Strand E (1913) Hymenopteres. Tenthrédinides, Pompilides, Crabronides, Apides. Mission du
service géographique de |’armée pour la mesure d’un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique
du Sud (1899-1906) 10(2): 13-32.

Taeger A, Blank SM, Liston AD (2010) World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa
2580: 1-1064.