ore

JHR 45: 4 1-54 (20 I 5) JOURNAL OF A peer-reviewed open-access journal
doi: 10.3897/JHR.45.4964 (>) Hymenoptera

http://jhr.pensoft.net The international Society of Hymenopterists. RESEARCH

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae),
an important natural enemy of the Asian fly
(Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)) (Diptera,

Agromyzidae) in the Dominican Republic

Rosina Taveras!, Christer Hansson??

| Laboratorio Control Biologico Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas y Veterinarias de la Universidad Autonoma
de Santo Domingo 2 Scientific Associate, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD,
United Kingdom 3 Museum of Biology (Entomology), Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Corresponding author: Christer Hansson (christerdennis@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Hannes Baur| Received 24 March 2015 | Accepted 28 May 2015 | Published 7 September 2015
hitp://zoobank.org!367A2222-F7E5-477D-9893-A3D0158902EC

Citation: Taveras R, Hansson C (2015) Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an important natural
enemy of the Asian fly (Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in the Dominican Republic. Journal of
Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54. doi: 10.3897/JHR.45.4964

Abstract

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. is described based on material from the Dominican Republic, where it is wide-
spread, and it is anticipated to have a much larger distribution in tropical America. It is compared to other
species of Pediobius from the New World, and is also compared to P vignae (Risbec), a similar species from
Africa with similar biology. The new species is a gregarious endoparasitoid of the pupae of the Asian fly,
Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch), an agromyzid that causes major damage to pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan
(L). Millspauh. In the Dominican Republic P cajanus sp. n. is the most important parasitoid of this pest.
Details on its biology are provided.

Keywords

Guandul, potential biocontrol agent, Neotropics

Copyright Rosina Taveras, Christer Hansson. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

42 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

Introduction

Pediobius is a cosmopolitan genus with 217 described species (Noyes 2015), 25 of
which have been recorded from the Neotropical region (Hansson 2002). Species of
Pediobius develop as primary or secondary endoparasitoids in eggs, larvae or pupae of
other insects, and the host range is extensive (Boucek 1988). The host species belong
mainly to Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Some species have
been reared from egg sacks of spiders, but then act as secondary parasitoids of ichneu-
monid larvae (Hymenoptera) feeding on the spider eggs. In the Neotropical region
Pediobius species have been recorded from Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidop-
tera but not from Diptera (Hansson 2002). Some Pediobius species have been used in
biological control, most notable is perhaps P. foveolatus (Crawford), which has been
used successfully to control populations of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varives-
tis Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in North America (Barrows and Hooker
1981). Here we describe a new species of Pediobius that is the main enemy and a
potential biocontrol agent of the Asian fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch, 1914)
(Diptera: Agromyzidae). The Asian fly is an invasive pest in tropical America that
causes extensive damage to pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L) Millspauh. Pigeon pea is an
important source of food in tropical America, and as processed food is an important
source of income from export.

The components of the tritrophic system including Pediobius cajanus sp. n.

The pigeon pea, “guandul” in Spanish (Fig. 1), is a legume native to tropical India,
and it has been grown in the Dominican Republic and other countries in tropical
America since the late 15" century, when the Spanish came to the Americas. It is a very
important source of nutrition: Miquilena and Higuera Moros (2012) gave a protein
value of 17.52%, and compared it to lentil and soy, with 18 and 35% protein values
respectively. The plant is very tolerant to heat and drought and in dry areas without
access to irrigation, it is a valuable alternative to less tolerant crops. In addition to its
usefulness as food for humans the plant fixates nitrogen and thus contributes to the
fertilization of the soil; the empty seedpods are an important food source for livestock,
the remaining plant parts can be used as firewood, and it also has some medicinal
properties (Cedano 2006).

In the Dominican Republic, the study area for this paper, the pigeon pea is grown
in approximately 25,000 hectares, by nearly 3,000 farmers (statistics from the Ministry
of Agriculture 2013). However, this figure is underestimated because much of the pro-
duction is in small lots, along paths and road edges, and it is used as property borders,
and these areas are not included in the statistics. Thus, the total area of cultivation is
unknown, but the unrecorded areas are significant and contribute to the diet of some
of the country’s population. In the Dominican Republic its cultivation has also been
developed as a source of income for farmers who process the bean as canned or freshly

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)... 43

Figures 1-4. | pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L). Millspauh 2 seed pods of pigeon pea with marks indicat-
ing windows created by larvae of the Asian fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch), prior to pupation, a
window that facilitates the emergence of the adult fly from the pod 3 opened seed pods of pigeon pea with
pupae of the Asian fly 4 imago of the Asian fly with pupa.

frozen beans for export. The export of pigeon pea has diversified and today it is being
exported to many countries, including countries in Europe, but the largest importers
are in the arc of the Antilles.

The pigeon pea is attacked by a complex of insect pests, mainly from the orders
Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera (Schmutterer 1990). One of the
major pests is the Asian fly (Fig. 4) which causes great damage to the crops of pigeon
pea, considerably reducing the production and export volumes.

Studies in India have shown that the damage caused by the Asian fly affects 25.5 to
36% of the crop (Sharma et al. 2011). These data are in accordance with those found
in the Dominican Republic, where the Asian fly was detected in 2000 (Phytosanitary
Alert system 2004, and Etienne et al. 2004). An investigation in the Dominican Re-
public by Guzman et al. (2010) indicated that the percentage of damage, even though
the crops were treated with insecticides every 21 days, reached a level of 27%. How-
ever, the amount of damage varies considerably between different localities and the
state of crop development in the Dominican Republic. In 2012 the level of damage
was evaluated in 122 localities and in the town of Rancho Los Vargas, Puerto Plata, it
reached 76% (Taveras and Guzman 2013).

Yadaf and Yadaf (2011) conducted a review of the parasitoids of the Asian fly in
India and listed 21 Hymenoptera parasitoids in 10 genera. They found that Euderus

44 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

lividus (Ashmead, 1886) (Eulophidae) and Ormyrus orientalis Walker, 1871 (Ormy-
ridae) were the main parasitoids, and these two species were also the most studied
parasitoids for control of the fly. Species of Pediobius have, prior to this paper, not been
recorded from the Asian fly.

In the Dominican Republic Ormyrus orientalis and an unidentified species of Pedi-
obius have been reared from the Asian fly on pigeon pea. In a paper by Taveras and
Guzman (2013) the presence of these beneficial parasitoids was recorded from 103
sites that included 25 of the 31 provinces in the country. The level of parasitism was
27.8%, with the Pediobius species responsible for 25.8%, and Ormyrus orientalis for
2%. This information clearly indicates that these parasitoids are distributed through-
out the country, which is also supported by this investigation, and very probably have
a far larger distribution outside the Dominican Republic. It also indicates that the
Pediobius species is an important natural enemy of the Asian fly, and as such might be
considered as a biocontrol agent against this invasive pest.

Because of the economic importance of the pigeon pea, and because the unidenti-
fied Pediobius species obviously is an eminent natural enemy of its main pest, the Asian
fly, in the Dominican Republic, it is important to identify this Pediobius species. After a
close examination of several specimens of Pediobius we found that it belongs to an unde-
scribed species. To facilitate the identification of this new species it is described and di-
agnosed here, and given a scientific name so that future information can be linked to it.

Methods

The color photos were made with a Nikon SMZ 1000 stereomicroscope and a Nikon
DS-5M camera. To eliminate reflections from the metallic and shiny body, a dome
light manufactured as described by Kerr et al. (2008), was used as the light source for
photography. Photos were taken at different focus levels and Helicon Focus Pro ver-
sion 4.75 was used to merge them into a single image. The SEM photos were made
from uncoated specimens on their original cardboard mounts. ‘These were taken in low
vacuum mode on a JEOL”® JSM 5600LYV scanning electron microscope.

Pods of pigeon pea were collected in several different parts of the Dominican Re-
public and were placed in plastic bags with holes for ventilation and prevention of
condensation inside the bags. The samples were brought to the laboratory where the
pods were opened and fly larvae, pupae and adults were counted. The larvae and pupae
were placed in plastic containers (9 x 9 cm) with a piece of cloth at the opening to
facilitate aeration. The emerging parasitoids and imagines of the Asian fly were killed
and stored in vials with ethanol.

Measurements were taken using the Nikon stereomicroscope mentioned above,
using a eyepiece micrometer at 80 times magnification. The female holotype and ten
paratypes of each sex were measured.

Morphological terms follow Gibson (1997). For illustrations of the morphological
terms see also Hansson (2015).

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)... 45

Results

Pediobius cajanus sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/72DC9BF3-90AD-4964-98 1 B-OB30F5FD3EBA
Figures 6-19

Material examined. Type material: HOLOTYPE 9 labelled “DOMINICAN RE-
PUBLIC: San Juan Province, San Juan de la Maguana, 20.x.2014, Rosina Taveras’, “Ex
pupae of Melanagromyza obtusa on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)” (in the Natural History
Museum, London, United Kingdom). PARATYPES: 429 1 53 with same label data as
holotype (in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Canadian Na-
tional Collection of Insects and Arachnids, Ottawa, Canada; Museo Nacional de His-
toria Natural, Dominican Republic; Museum of Biology (Entomology), Lund, Sweden;
United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA). Ad-
ditional material: 422 12¢ from the Dominican Republic: Luperon Province, Puerto
Plata, v.2013 (in the Museum of Biology (Entomology), Lund, Sweden).

Diagnosis. Hind leg with tibial spur 0.4 times as long as length of hind tarsus;
propodeum with strong submedian carinae that diverge towards posterior part (Fig.
18); propodeal callus with four setae; female gaster elongate (Figs 13, 19), 2 times as
long as wide; small species (0.9-1.5 mm).

In the most recent keys to the Neotropical species of Pediobius (see Hansson 2002)
and in the key to Nearctic species (Peck 1985), P. cajanus runs to P. pyrgo (Walker,
1839). It differs from P. pyrgo in having median third of scutellum smooth (Fig. 17)
(completely reticulate in P. pyrgo), posterior margin of dorsellum tridentate (Fig. 18)
(rounded in P. pyrgo), and petiole in female 0.7 times as long as wide (1.0 times as long
as wide in P. pyrgo).

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. also appears to be morphologically similar to P. vignae (Ris-
bec, 1951) from Nigeria, as described in Kerrich (1973). The host of P. vignae, Mela-
nagromyza vignalis Spencer, 1959 in seeds of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae),
is also similar to the host of P. cajanus. When Kerrich (1973) revised the tropical and
subtropical species of Pediobius he was unable to find the type material of P. vignae and
designated a neotype for the species, to be deposited in BMNH. However, this neotype,
or the series it was pulled from, cannot be located in BMNH (Natalie Dale-Skey, pers.
comm.). Thus we rely totally on the redescription of P. vignae in Kerrich (1973) for the
interpretation of this species. Pediobius cajanus sp. n. differs from P. vignae in having
eyes bare (Figs 15, 16) (setose in P. vignae), scutellum smooth in median third (Fig.
17) (reticulate throughout in P. vignae), female first gastral tergite 0.5 times as long as
length of gaster (Figs 13, 19) (well over half the length of gaster in P. vignae), female
with first gastral tergite with very weak and superficial reticulation posteromedially (Figs
13, 19) (this part with strong and very distinct reticulation in P. vignae).

Description. Female: length of body 1.1-1.5 mm.

Antenna dark and metallic (Figs 6, 11). Frons dark golden-purple with bluish
tinges (Fig. 8). Vertex shiny with dark golden and blue tinges (Fig. 10). Pronotum

46 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

40 kilometers

40 miles

Figure 5. Map of the island of Hispaniola showing localities in the Dominican Republic where Pediobius
cajanus sp. n. has been reared from Melanagromyza obtusa during this investigation. Specific names of

localities and coordinates are provided in Table 1.

with part in front of transverse carina dark golden-purple, part behind transverse carina
metallic bluish-green (Fig. 13). Mesoscutum dark golden-purple (Fig. 13). Scutellum
dark golden-purple with lateral and posterior parts with greenish tinges (Fig. 13).
Propodeum golden-green (Fig. 13). Coxae, femora and tibiae dark and metallic (Fig. 6);
tarsal segments 1—3 dusky on fore leg and white on mid and hind legs, fourth segment
dark brown on all legs. Wings hyaline. Petiole dark golden-purple. Gaster with first
tergite metallic bluish-green in anterior fourth, posterior three quarters and remaining
tergites dark golden-purple (Fig. 13).

Antenna as in Figs 6, 11. Frons smooth and shiny below level of toruli and above
frontal suture, between these parts with very weak reticulation (Fig. 16); antennal
scrobes join frontal suture separately (Fig. 8). Vertex inside and behind ocellar triangle
with weak, small-meshed reticulation, outside ocellar triangle smooth (Fig. 15). Oc-
cipital margin with a weak carina behind posterior ocelli, otherwise rounded (Fig. 15).
Eyes bare (Figs 15, 16). Ratios: length of head (in dorsal view)/width of head (meas-
ured at widest part): holotype 0.49, paratypes 0.46—0.52; height of eye in frontal view/
malar space: holotype 2.06, paratypes 1.87—2.33; height of eye in frontal view/width
of mouth opening: holotype 1.45, paratypes 1.29—1.46; distance between posterior
ocelli/distance between eye and posterior ocellus: holotype 2.38, paratypes 1.75—2.40

Mesoscutum with weak reticulation (Fig. 17), meshes isodiametric in anterome-
dian part but otherwise elongate; notauli distinct and narrow in anterior two thirds,
indistinct in posterior third. Scutellum convex with median third smooth, lateral parts
to either side of smooth, median part reticulate with elongate meshes (Fig. 17). Poste-
rior margin of dorsellum with a prominent medial projection and with weak and blunt
lateral projections (Fig. 18). Transepimeral sulcus strongly curved. Fore wing specu-
lum closed below; 12 admarginal setae. Hind leg with tibial spur 0.4 times as long as
length of hind tarsus. Propodeum with strong submedian carinae that diverge towards

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)... 47

Figures 6-12. Pediobius cajanus sp. n. 6—7 habitus in lateral view 6 female 7 male 8-9 head in frontal

view 8 female 9 male 10 vertex, female | |=—12 antenna in lateral view 11 female 12 male.

48 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

13

Figures 13-14. Pediobius cajanus sp. n., habitus in dorsal view 13 female 14 male.

posterior part (Fig. 18); with a short but distinct nucha; callus with four setae. Peti-
olar foramen rounded. Ratios: length of fore wing/length of marginal vein: holotype
1.98, paratypes 1.85—2.04; length of fore wing/height of fore wing: holotype 1.67,
paratypes 1.63—1.75; length of postmarginal vein/length of the stigmal vein: holotype
0.96, paratypes 0.63—1.00.

Petiole 0.7 times as long as wide, with strong irregular sculpture (Fig. 19). Gaster
with first tergite smooth (Fig. 19), posteromedially with very weak and superficial re-
ticulation, meshes incomplete; first tergite covers 0.5 times the length of gaster in both

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)...

Figures 15-19. Pediobius cajanus sp. n., female 15 vertex 16 head in frontal view I7 thoracic dorsum

18 propodeum in dorsal view 19 petiole and gaster in dorsal view.

50 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

sexes (Figs 13, 14, 19). Ratio length of the mesosoma (measured along the median
mesosoma from the pronotal collar carina to posterior margin of the propodeum)/
length of gaster: holotype 0.88, paratypes 0.81—0.93.

Male: length of body 0.9-1.3 mm.

Similar to female except as follows. Frons bright metallic bluish-green (Fig. 9).
Mesoscutum golden-green (Fig. 14). Scutellum golden-green (Fig. 14). Gaster with
first tergite metallic bluish-green in anterior half, posterior half and remaining tergites
dark golden-purple (Fig. 14).

Antenna as in Figs 7, 12. Ratios: height of eye in frontal view/malar space: 1.75—
1.94; height of eye in frontal view/width of mouth opening: 1.30—1.60.

Petiole 1.1 times as long as wide. Gaster with first tergite completely smooth. Ratio
length of the mesosoma (measured along the median mesosoma from the pronotal col-
lar carina to posterior margin of the propodeum)/length of gaster: 1.09-1.58.

Etymology. Named after the host plant.

Distribution. The Dominican Republic. The first author of this paper has reared
this new species from its host from 90 sites (Fig. 5, Table 1).

Biology. Pediobius cajanus sp. n. is a gregarious endoparasitoid in pupae of Mela-
nagromyza obtusa. The female wasps lay 3—15 eggs per fly pupa (mean = 7.6, n = 50).
In laboratory conditions, with 25 °C, the development time from egg to pupa of the
parasitoid was 21 days. Without food the female wasps lived for four days and males
for two days. The sex ratio female to male is 5:1 (n = 50).

Biology of the Asian fly. The female fly lays eggs on immature pods, and the emerg-
ing larvae feed in the developing seeds, initially feeding externally but after the first molt
feed inside the seed, which they eventually destroy (Fig. 3). A single seed may be enough
for a larva to complete its development, but usually more than one seed is devoured. The
larva goes through three stages prior to pupation. Before pupating in the seed pod the
larva emerges from the seed and opens a window in the wall of the pod (Fig. 2).

Conclusions. Pediobius cajanus sp. n. is so far known only from the Dominican
Republic, but its distribution throughout this country suggests a larger distribution.
It is certainly found over the entire island of Hispaniola, of which the Dominican
Republic constitutes the larger part. It is possibly also found on neighboring islands
in the Caribbean, e.g. Cuba, and perhaps also in tropical parts of the mainland in the
Americas. Some Pediobius species have a very large distribution (Kerrich 1973, Hans-
son 2002), thus indicating a strong dispersal ability. If this ability is present also in P.
cajanus sp. n. future investigations must establish.

In the Dominican Republic P. cajanus sp. n. is an important natural enemy of the
Asian fly, killing on average 25% of the fly larvae in investigated areas. ‘The fly is found
in many tropical countries, in Asia, its native area, as well as in other tropical parts of
the World, and is a serious pest on economically valuable crops in these areas. The re-
cord of parasitism of P. cajanus sp. n. in the Dominican Republic makes it worthwhile
to investigate the potential of this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent of the Asian fly.

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)...

a1

Table |. List of localities in the Dominican Republic where Pediobius cajanus sp. n. has been

reared from Melanagromyza obtusa.

Locality Province Decimals Degrees
13 de Azua Azua 18.459420, -70.853738 | 18°27'33.9"N, 70°51'13.5"W
Guanabano, Azua Azua 18.447210, -70.790729 | 18°26'50.0"N, 70°47'26.6"W
Los Jovillos Azua 18.449151, -70.801853 | 18°26'56.9"N, 70°48'06.7"W
Santana Bahoruco 18.417995, -71.193348 | 18°25'04.8"N, 71°11'36.0"W
Pizarrete, Bani Peravia 18.290396, -70.229342 | 18°17'25.4"N, 70°13'45.6"W
Barahona Barahona 18.201356, -71.093906 | 18°12'04.9"N, 71°05'38.1"W
Caballero, Cachén Barahona 18.248869, -71.195371 | 18°14'55.9"N, 71°11'43.3"W
Caletén, Enriquillo Barahona 17.960965, -71.266760 | 17°57'39.5"N, 71°16'00.3"W
Charco Prieto, Higuero Barahona 18.024770, -71.210300 | 18°01'29.2"N, 71°12'37.1"W
El Puerto, Polo Barahona 18.052038, -71.280082 | 18°03'07.3"N, 71°16'48.3"W
Enriquillo Barahona 17.895977, -71.238366 | 17°53'45.5"N, 71°14'18.1"W
Higuero, Barahona 18.055723, -71.287129 | 18°03'20.6"N, 71°17'13.7"°W
La Cueva, Polo Barahona 18.159054, -71.251670 | 18°09'32.6"N, 71°15'06.0"W
Naranjal, Enriquillo Barahona 17.902976, -71.237133 | 17°54'10.7"N, 71°14'13.7"W
Paraiso Barahona 18.031771, -71.198618 | 18°01'54.4"N, 71°11'55.0"W
Polo Barahona 18.093777, -71.283545 | 18°05'37.6"N, 71°17'00.8"W
San Rafael de Los Patos Barahona 17.956199, -71.190141 | 17°57'22.3"N, 71°11'24.5"W
Cafiongo, Dajabén 19.623469, -71.692030 | 19°37'24.5"N, 71°41'31.3"W
Monte Grande, Loma de C. Dajabén 19.395277, -71.617351 | 19°23'43.0"N, 71°37'02.5"W
Sangre Linda, La Ceiba Dajabén 19.589494, -71.703911 | 19°35'22.2"N, 71°42'14.1"W
El Seibo El Seibo 18.770027, -69.059393 | 18°46'12.1"N, 69°03'33.8"W
Miches E] Seibo 18.980588, -69.051765 | 18°58'50.1"N, 69°03'06.3"W
Pedro Sanchez El Seibo 18.865925, -69.111536 | 18°51'57.3"N, 69°06'41.5"W
Corozito Elias Pifa 18.845685, -71.712592 | 18°50'44.5"N, 71°42'45.3"W
Km 5 Elias Pifa 18.878255, -71.663325 | 18°52'41.7"N, 71°39'48.0"W
Matayaya Elias Pifa 18.888584, -71.590058 | 18°53'18.9"N, 71°35'24.2"W
Gaspar Hernandez Espaillat 19.633862, -70.284616 | 19°38'01.9"N, 70°17'04.6"W
Hoyoncito Hato mayor 18.743150, -69.413553 | 18°44'35.3"N, 69°24'48.8"W
Las Cafias Hato mayor 19.013698, -69.382548 | 19°00'49.3"N, 69°22'57.2"W
Los Cocos de Los Lépez Hato mayor 18.764635, -69.264540 | 18°45'52.7"N, 69°15'52.3"W
Villa Tapia, Hermanas Mirabal | 19.304531, -70.423018 | 19°18'16.3"N, 70°25'22.9"W
Barranca Seccién Jamo La Vega 19.265503, -70.462317 | 19°15'55.8"N, 70°27'44.3"W
Toro Cenizo, La Vega 19.267749, -70.435889 | 19°16'03.9"N, 70°26'09.2"W
Guanuma Monte Plata 18.695502, -69.923678 | 18°41'43.8"N, 69°55'25.2"W
La luisa Blanca Monte Plata 18.741184, -69.897959 | 18°44'28.3"N, 69°53'52.6"W
Monte Plata Monte Plata 18.795157, -69.775756 | 18°47'42.6"N, 69°46'32.7"W
Monte Plata Monte Plata 18.811407, -69.772323 | 18°48'41.1"N, 69°46'20.4"W
Dofia Antonia Montecristi 19.673590, -71.230963 | 19°40'24.9"N, 71°13'51.5"W
El Cerro Gordo Montecristi 19.758288, -71.211732 | 19°45'29.8"N, 71°12'42.2"W
Juan Gémez Montecristi 19.702509, -71.409304 | 19°42'09.0"N, 71°24'33.5"W
Juancho, Oviedo Pedernales 17.859494, -71.290455 | 17°51'34.2"N, 71°17'25.6"W
La Colonia, Villa Esperanza Pedernales 17.851947, -71.331894 | 17°51'07.0"N, 71°19'54.8"W

52 R. Taveras & C. Hansson / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 41-54 (2015)

Locality Province Decimals Degrees

Pedernales Pedernales 18.042637, -71.740322 | 18°02'33.5"N, 71°44'25.2"W

Altamira Puerto Plata Puerto Plata 19.667481, -70.831862 | 19°40'02.9"N, 70°49'54.7"W

Canada Bonita Puerto Plata 19.623430, -70.841566 | 19°37'24.4"N, 70°50'29.6"W

Cruce Guanabano-Navarrete Puerto Plata 19.645546, -70.831922 | 19°38'44.0"N, 70°49'54.9"W

EI Clavo, Altamira Puerto Plata 19.688241, -70.838275 | 19°41'17.7"N, 70°50'17.8"W

EI Corral, La Isabella Puerto Plata 19.889946, -71.078641 | 19°53'23.8"N, 71°04'43.1"W

El estrecho de Luperon Puerto Plata 19.811370, -70.927220 | 19°48'40.9"N, 70°55'38.0"W

Llano de Perez Puerto Plata 19.735383, -70.836076 | 19°44'07.4"N, 70°50'09.9"W

Los pilones Estero Hondo Puerto Plata 19.850299, -71.194336 | 19°51'01.1"N, 71°11'39.6"W

Los Saballos Puerto Plata 19.762564, -70.852450 | 19°45'45.2"N, 70°51'08.8"W

Luperon, Puerto Plata Puerto Plata 19.888215, -70.965599 | 19°53'17.6"N, 70°57'56.2"W

Ranchito de los Vargas Puerto Plata 19.800079, -70.951472 | 19°48'00.3"N, 70°57'05.3"W

Tiburcio, Estero Hondo Puerto Plata 19.824297, -71.169407 | 19°49'27.5"N, 71°10'09.9"W

Boruga San Cristobal 18.467846, -70.111334 | 18°28'04.2"N, 70°06'40.8"W

Dona Ana San Cristobal 18.367099, -70.172548 | 18°22'01.6"N, 70°10'21.2"W

Hato Viejo, Nigua San Cristobal 18.375388, -70.054718 | 18°22'31.4"N, 70°03'17.0"W

Juan Barén San Cristobal 18.254917, -70.178947 | 18°15'17.7"N, 70°10'44.2"W

La Pared Haina San Cristobal 18.459363, -70.050263 | 18°27'33.7"N, 70°03'00.9"W

Limén Dulce San Cristobal 18.476587, -70.102365 | 18°28'35.7"N, 70°06'08.5"W

Najayo Arriba San Cristobal 18.393321, -70.167548 | 18°23'36.0"N, 70°10'03.2"W

Nizao San Cristobal 18.251518, -70.215143 | 18°15'05.5"N, 70°12'54.5"W

Palenque San Cristobal 18.259212, -70.146696 | 18°15'33.2"N, 70°08'48.1"W

Pedro Caballero San Cristobal 18.486706, -70.085832 | 18°29'12.1"N, 70°05'09.0"W

Santana, Nizao San Cristobal 18.277117, -70.216288 | 18°16'37.6"N, 70°12'58.6"W

Yaguate San Cristobal 18.340808, -70.189547 | 18°20'26.9"N, 70°11'22.4"W

IDIAE Sabana Larga San Jose de Ocoa | 18.592277, -70.492133 | 18°35'32.2"N, 70°29'31.7"W

La ciénaga San Jose de Ocoa | 18.605390, -70.461812 | 18°36'19.4"N, 70°27'42.5"W

Los Naranjos San Jose de Ocoa | 18.582174, -70.424650 | 18°34'55.8"N, 70°25'28.7"W

Arroyo Loro San Juan dela | 19 915161, -71.274463 | 18°48'54.6"N, 71°16'28.1"W
Maguana

El llanito, Pedro Corto San Juan dela | 1g 843386, -71.411901 | 18°50'36.2"N, 71°24'42.8"W
Maguana

Perfecto Socorro, Santomé San Juan de la 18.813673, -71.268493 | 18°48'49.2"N, 71°16'06.6"W
Maguana

Sabinaale San Juan dela | 1 5 799593, -71.111594 | 18°43'46.5"N, 71°06'41.7"W
Maguana

Batey Los Chicharrones Se 18.619355, -69.265162 | 18°37'09.7"N, 69°15'54.6"W

San José de los Ilanos San Pedro de | 1 6 630262, -69.488109 | 18°37'48.9"N, 69°29'17.2"W
Macoris

San José de los llanos Ua oi 18.632422, -69.487457 | 18°37'56.7"N, 69°29'14.8"W

Gurabo Abajo Santiago 19.487863, -70.671401 | 19°29'16.3"N, 70°40'17.0"W

Navarrete Santiago 19.563186, -70.892973 | 19°33'47.5"N, 70°53'34.7"W

Villa Gonzalez Santiago 19.535330, -70.788074 | 19°32'07.2"N, 70°47'17.1"W

El Toro, Guerra Santo Domingo | 18.550604, -69.697820 | 18°33'02.2"N, 69°41'52.1"W

Engombe Santo Domingo | 18.457893, -70.006814 | 18°27'28.4"N, 70°00'24.5"W

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)... 53

Locality Province Decimals Degrees
Engombe Santo Domingo | 18.458875, -70.005151 | 18°27'31.9"N, 70°00'18.5"W
Batey Libertad, Mao Valverde 19.622122, -70.988046 | 19°37'19.6"N, 70°59'17.0"W
Boca de Mao Valverde 19.588610, -71.042608 | 19°35'19.0"N, 71°02'33.4"W
Damajagua, Mao Valverde 19.650145, -70.994961 | 19°39'00.5"N, 70°59'41.9"W
Damajagua, Mao Valverde 19.651787, -70.995733 | 19°39'06.4"N, 70°59'44.6"W
Jicomé Valverde 19.629866, -70.953735 | 19°37'47.5"N, 70°57'13.4"W
Mao Valverde 19.562764, -71.087287 | 19°33'46.0"N, 71°05'14.2"W
Los Mogotes, Villa Altagracia San Cristobal 18.738189, -70.245321 | 18°44'17.5"N, 70°14'43.2"W
Navarrete Santiago 19.563186, -70.892973 | 19°33'47.5"N, 70°53'34.7"W
Villa Gonzalez Santiago 19.535330, -70.788074 | 19°32'07.2"N, 70°47'17.1"W
El Toro, Guerra Santo Domingo | 18.550604, -69.697820 | 18°33'02.2"N, 69°41'52.1"W
Engombe Santo Domingo | 18.457893, -70.006814 | 18°27'28.4"N, 70°00'24.5"W
Engombe Santo Domingo | 18.458875, -70.005151 | 18°27'31.9"N, 70°00'18.5"W
Batey Libertad, Mao Valverde 19.622122, -70.988046 | 19°37'19.6"N, 70°59'17.0"W
Boca de Mao Valverde 19.588610, -71.042608 | 19°35'19.0"N, 71°02'33.4"W
Damajagua, Mao Valverde 19.650145, -70.994961 | 19°39'00.5"N, 70°59'41.9"W
Damajagua, Mao Valverde 19.651787, -70.995733 | 19°39'06.4"N, 70°59'44.6"W
Jicomé Valverde 19.629866, -70.953735 | 19°37'47.5"N, 70°57'13.4"W
Mao Valverde 19.562764, -71.087287 | 19°33'46.0"N, 71°05'14.2"W
Los Mogotes, Villa Altagracia San Cristobal 18.738189, -70.245321 | 18°44'17.5"N, 70°14'43.2"W

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Consejo Nacional de Investigacién Agropecuarias y Forestal, CO-
NIAE, for providing the financial support of a project that resulted in the discovery
of the new Pediobius species described here. Thanks also to the Biology Department,
Lund University, Sweden, for use of their SEM facility.

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