ore

JHR 45: 87-95 (20 I 5) JOURNAL CF Apeenreviewed open-access journal
doi: 10.3897/JHR.45.5114 (ME Hymenopter a

http://jhr.pensoft.net The international Society of ymenopterists. RESEARCH

The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of
a new species and a key to species (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae)

Mao-Ling Sheng', Zhen-Qiang Cui', Matthias Riedel?

I General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration, 58 Huanghe North Street, Shen-
yang 110034, PR. China 2. Amselweg 9A, 29683 Bad Fallingbostel, Germany

Corresponding author: Mao-Ling Sheng (shengmaoling@163.com)

Academic editor: Gavin Broad| Received 16 April 2015 | Accepted 17 June 2015 | Published 7 September 2015
http://zoobank.org/BO74B63 D-C75F-4779-8828-2C 1DCEAD7EDD

Citation: Sheng M-L, Cui Z-Q, Riedel M (2015) The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of a new species and
a key to species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 87-95. doi:

10.3897/JHR.45.5114

Abstract

A new species, Gyrodonta motuoica sp. n., collected from Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region,
China is described. Gyrodonta concava (Uchida, 1937), previously known from Jiangxi, is reported from
Hunan Province, China, and Nepal for the first time. Illustrations of both species are provided, as well as

a key to species.

Keywords

Ichneumoninae, Gyrodonta, new species, taxonomy, key

Introduction

Gyrodonta Cameron, 1901, belonging to the tribe Ichneumonini of the subfamily Ich-
neumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and distributed in the Oriental Region,
comprises two species (Yu et al. 2012), one of which, G. concava (Uchida, 1937), is
from Jiangxi Province, China, and one, G. flavomaculata Cameron, 1901 is from India.

Gyrodonta was originally placed in its own tribe because it is so unusual-looking,
distinctive within Ichneumoninae (Cameron, 1901). But Narayanan and Lal (1958)

Copyright Mao-Ling Sheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

88 Mao-Ling Sheng et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 87-95 (2015)

included it in the tribe Ichneumonini. Townes et al. (1961) transferred Pielia concava
Uchida, 1937 to Gyrodonta and kept it in their tribe Joppini (Ichneumonini of other
authors) in their reclassification of Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae. Gupta (1987)
followed Schmiedeknecht’s (1902) opinion, as a valid tribe Gyrodontini. Wahl and
Mason (1995) used out Gyrodontina Schmiedeknecht, 1902 as a valid subtribe with-
in the Ichneumonini. In the “world catalogue” (Yu and Horstmann 1997) and data-
base (Yu, Achterberg and Horstmann 2012), Gyrodonta Cameron was again included
in the Ichneumonini, as they do not list subtribes. We agree with Wahl & Mason’s
standpoint, Gyrodonta Cameron, 1901 belongs to the subtribe Gyrodontina within
the tribe Ichneumonini.

In this article, one new Gyrodonta species, collected in Xizang Autonomous Re-
gion, China, and another species, collected in Hunan and in Nepal, previously known
from Jiangxi, are described.

Material and methods

The holotype of Gyrodonta motuoica sp. n. was collected by Tao Li in Motuo County,
Xizang Autonomous Region (China) on a blacklit sheet at night. The specimens of G.
concava (Uchida, 1937) were collected by Ze-Jian Li (Lab of Insect Systematics and
Evolutionary Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chang-
sha, China) using entomological nets in the forest of Mufushan, Hunan Province
(CHINA) and by P. Cechovsky using a Malaise trap in Nepal.

Images were taken using a Leica M205A Stereomicroscope with LAS Montage
MultiFocus.

All specimens, except one of G. concava from Nepal in the Biozentrum Linz, Aus-
tria, are deposited in the Insect Museum, General Station of Forest Pest Management

(GSFPM), State Forestry Administration, People’s Republic of China.

Taxonomic section

Gyrodonta Cameron, 1901

Gyrodonta Cameron, 1901: 485. Type-species: Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron.

Diagnosis. Head large, broad, greatly expanded behind the eyes. Inner margins of eyes
parallel. Face wide, slightly concave, upper margin strongly elevated. Clypeal suture
indistinct. Apical margin of clypeus slightly evenly convex forwards. Malar space wide.
Gena broad. Mandible short, broad, apical portion bluntly rounded, without teeth; up-
per side with a strong tooth subbasally or near the middle; with basal transverse groove.
Areolet pentagonal. Fore wing with vein lcu-a opposite or distal of 1-M. Scutellum
almost flat. Propodeum elongate, incompletely areolated; dorsal profile much longer

The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of a new species... 89

than posterior oblique profile. Spiracle elongate, curved. Legs stout; lower profiles of
tarsomeres 1 to 4 with long thick hairs. Claw simple. Metasoma semiamblypygous.
Gastrocoelus indistinct. Ovipositor sheath reaching to apex of metasoma.

Key to species of Gyrodonta Cameron

i Apical portion of flagellum cylindrical. Tooth of upper margin of mandible
located subbasally. Subapical portion of clypeus with median tooth. Propo-
deum with costula and distinct median longitudinal carinae....... eee 2
— Apical portion of flagellum distinctly flattened below. Tooth of upper margin
of mandible located almost at middle. Clypeus without distinct tooth. Pro-
podeum without costula, median longitudinal carinae vestigial...
sta aastes oth leans sedate tae aati dol it Aston days el an nel hth G. motuoica sp.n.
2 Tergite 3 and subsequent tergites black, basal margins brown... sees
Mek eate cen de haven se Bev doh eves eta h oe eves ue RGR sale G. flavomaculata Cameron
— Tergite 2 and subsequent tergites entirely reddish brown...G. concava (Uchida)

Gyrodonta motuoica Sheng & Riedel, sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/75883CED-2170-4068-9 1D 1-F5139D21B5E5
Figures 1-13

Etymology. ‘The specific name is derived from the type locality

Material examined. Holotype, female, collected on blacklit sheet in the night by
Tao Lion 10 July 2013, China: Motuo County, 1976m, Xizang Autonomous Region.

Diagnosis. Basal half of mandible longitudinally concave medially, with sparse,
fine punctures; upper marginal tooth (Figure 3) located at center. Median longitudinal
carinae of propodeum weak, incomplete, vestigial (Figure 11). Costula absent. Second
tergite 1.25 times as long as apical width, with fine punctures (Figure 13). Mesosoma
black, with white spots. Tergites almost entirely brownish red.

Description. Female. Body length approximately 15.0 mm. Forewing length ap-
proximately 11.5 mm.

Head. Face (Figure 2) slightly concave, with sparse, weak punctures; median por-
tion with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; upper margin with weak median triangular
convexity; from outside of antennal socket to inner side of clypeal foveae with distinct
oblique groove. Clypeus with different texture from face, shiny, irregularly longitudi-
nally convex medially; subapical portion with sparse, indistinct, fine punctures; me-
dian section of apical margin almost truncate. Mandible large, basal half longitudinally
concave medially, with sparse, fine punctures; upper marginal tooth (Figure 3) located
at center. Malar area finely alutaceous; malar space approximately 0.9 times as long as
basal width of mandible. Gena (Figures 4, 7) almost shiny, with distinct punctures,
lower portion with indistinct wrinkles. Vertex with distinct, fine punctures. Interocellar

90 Mao-Ling Sheng et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 87-95 (2015)

Figures |-6. Gyrodonta motuoica sp. n. Holotype. Female | Habitus, lateral view 2 Head, anterior view

3 Head, dorsal-anterior view 4 Head, lateral view 5 Frons 6 Antenna.

The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of a new species... oil

Figures 7-13. Gyrodonta motuoica sp. n. Holotype. Female 7 Head and pronotum, lateral view 8 Mesos-
cutum 9 Mesosoma, lateral view 10 Hind tarsus 11 Propodeum 12 First tergite, lateral view 13 Tergites

1-3, dorsal view.

area with distinct longitudinal groove. Postocellar line approximately 0.5 times as long
as ocular-ocellar line, 0.87 times maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Frons (Figure
5) deeply concave, with distinct transverse wrinkles; lower portion with distinct median
longitudinal carina. Antenna (Figure 6) slightly longer than head and mesosoma com-
bined, with 38 flagellomeres; apical portion of flagellum distinctly flattened below; ratio

92 Mao-Ling Sheng et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 87-95 (2015)

of length from first to fifth flagellomeres: 7.0:6.0:5.5:5.2:5.0. Occipital carina com-
plete, lower end joining hypostomal carina slightly above base of mandible.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figure 7) with dense punctures, distance between punc-
tures 0.2—1.5 times their diameter; lateral concavity broad, almost shiny, upper-anterior
portion with weak transverse oblique wrinkles, lower-posterior with short transverse
wrinkles. Epomia strong. Mesoscutum (Figure 8) slightly convex, with dense, distinct
punctures, distance between punctures 0.5—2.0 times their diameter. Notaulus absent.
Scutoscutellar groove narrow, deep. Scutellum almost flat, shiny, with distinct, fine
punctures, distance between punctures 0.5—3.0 times their diameter. Postscutellum
transversely convex, with deep, small anterior-lateral pit. Mesopleuron (Figure 9) with
fine punctures, upper-anterior, under subtegular ridge, and lower-posterior portions
with transverse oblique wrinkles. Speculum with distinct punctures. Upper end of epic-
nemial carina not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Metapleuron slightly con-
vex, upper-anterior portion with distinct punctures, remainder with indistinct oblique
wrinkles. Submetapleural carina complete, strong. Wings slightly brownish, hyaline.
Fore wing with vein Icu-a slightly distal to 1-M, distance between them approximately
as long as width of vein. Areolet pentagonal, receiving vein 2m-cu at middle. 2—Cu ap-
proximately 2.0 times as long as 2cu-a. Hind wing with vein 1-cu about 3.3 times as
long as cu-a. Anterior tibia slightly compressed, anterior profile with dense thorn-like
spines. Hind femur 2.8 times as long as maximum width. Hind tarsus (Figure 10) ap-
proximately 1.3 times as long as tibia. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres 1:2:3:4:5 is
18.5:10.6:7.8:4.7:10.1. Propodeum (Figure 11) without costula, median longitudinal
carinae weak, vestigial; lateral longitudinal, pleural and apical transverse carinae com-
plete; area posteroexterna complete; area superomedia coarse, with indistinct, fine trans-
verse wrinkles; anterior portions of lateral areas with distinct punctures, median with
weak transverse wrinkles; area petiolaris with dense transverse wrinkles; area lateralis
reticulate; spiracle elongate, approximately three times as long as wide.

Metasoma. First tergite approximately 3 times as long as apical width, dorsal pro-
file of petiole with sparse punctures, lateral with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles (Fig-
ure 12). Postpetiole (Figure 13) with dense punctures, distance between punctures
0.5—2.5 times their diameter; lateral and apical portions shiny, very sparsely punctate.
Second tergite (Figure 13) approximately 1.25 times as long as apical width, with fine
punctures, distance between punctures 1.0—3.0 times their diameter. Third tergite ap-
proximately 0.9 times as long as apical width, with fine indistinct punctures. Oviposi-
tor sheath reaching to apex of metasoma.

Color (Figure 1). Head mainly brownish black; face and clypeus reddish brown; in-
ner orbits irregularly, malar area, lower portion of gena, flagellomeres (apical portion of
9) 10-16 white; median longitudinal portion of mandible, scape, apical ventral profile of
flagellum dark brown. Mesosoma black. Dorsal anterior margin, upper margin and low-
er anterior corner of pronotum, longitudinal band of tegula, scutellum almost entirely,
subtegular ridge, large median spot of mesopleuron, posterior lateral portion of propo-
deum white. Sublateral longitudinal band of mesoscutum dark brown. Femora, tibiae,
main portion of anterior and mid coxae, anterior-basal spot of hind coxa, lower profiles

The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of a new species... 93

of anterior and mid trochanters brownish red. Main portions of anterior and mid coxae,
dorsal profiles of trochanters, apical margin and dorsal spot of hind coxa white. Tarsus
buff. Tergites brown red. Basal portion of first tergite, hind margins of fourth and sub-
sequent tergites more or less darkish brown. Pterostigma brown. Veins brownish black.

Remarks. ‘This new species is similar to G. concava (Uchida, 1937) but can easily
be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: apical por-
tion of flagellum distinctly flattened below; upper marginal tooth of mandible located
at middle; propodeum without costula, median longitudinal carinae vestigial; second
tergite (Figure 13) 1.25 times as long as apical width, with distinct, fine punctures.
Gyrodonta concava: apical portion of flagellum cylindrical; upper marginal tooth of
mandible located subbasally; propodeum with distinct costula and median longitudi-
nal carinae; second tergite almost 1.1 times as long as apical width, finely coriaceous,
without punctures.

Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901

Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901: 486.

Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901. Gupta 1987: 966.

Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901. Heinrich 1937: 265.

Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901. Townes, Townes and Gupta 1961: 375.
Gyrodonta flavomaculata Cameron, 1901. Yu and Horstmann 1997: 583.

Specimens not examined.
Distribution. India.

Gyrodonta concava (Uchida, 1937)
Figures 14-19

Pielia concava Uchida, 1937: 92.
Gyrodonta concava (Uchida, 1937). Townes, Townes and Gupta 1961: 375.
Gyrodonta concava (Uchida, 1937). Yu and Horstmann 1997: 583.

Diagnosis. Face without oblique groove from outside of antennal socket to inner side
of clypeal foveae. Subapical portion of clypeus with median tubercle. Upper marginal
tooth of mandible located at subbase. Hind portion of scutellum distinctly slanted.
Hind femur (Figure 14) 3.5 times as long as maximum width. Propodeum (Figure 17)
with distinct costula and median longitudinal carinae. Lateral profile of first tergite
(Figure 18) with sparse, distinct punctures. Second tergite (Figure 19) almost 1.1 times
as long as apical width, finely coriaceous, without punctures.

Specimen examined. 1 female, China: Mufushan, 860m, Hunan province, 27
May 2007, leg. Ze-Jian Li. 1 female, Nepal: Kosi Zone, Dhankula District, Arun

94 Mao-Ling Sheng et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 45: 87-95 (2015)

Figures 14-19. Gyrodonta concava (Uchida, 1937) Female 14 Habitus, lateral view 15 Frons 16 Mes-

oscutum 17 Propodeum 18 First tergite, lateral view 19 Tergites 2—3, dorsal view.

The genus Gyrodonta Cameron, with description of a new species... 95

valley, Hille Skidna Bhedetar 2000-2700 m, 24-28 May 1996, leg. P. Cechovsky
(Malaise Trap) (LINZ).
Distribution. China, Nepal.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful to Dr. Gavin Broad, Department of Life Sciences, the
Natural History Museum, London, UK, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing
this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Founda-

tion of China (NSFC, No. 31372246, No. 31070585).

References

Cameron P (1901) Descriptions of seventeen new genera of Ichneumonidae from In-
dia and one from Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7: 480-487. doi:
10.1080/00222930108678502

Gupta VK (1987) The Ichneumonidae of the Indo-Australian area (Hymenoptera). Memoirs
of the American Entomological Institute 41: 1-1210.

Heinrich G (1937) A list and some notes on the synonymy of the types of the subfamily Ich-
neumoninae Ashmead (Hymenoptera) in the collections of the British Museum and the
Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History (10) 20: 257-279. doi: 10.1080/00222933708655342

Heinrich GH (1967) Synopsis and reclassification of the Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae of
Africa south of Sahara (Hym.). 1. Farmington State College Press, 250 pp.

Narayanan ES, Lal K (1958) A revised classification of the Indian Ichneumonidae. Indian Journal
of Entomology 20: 7—20.

Schmiedeknecht O (1902) Opuscula Ichneumonologica. I. Band. (Fasc. I.) Allgemeine Einthei-
lung. Die Gattungen der Joppinen, Ichneumoninen, Listrodrominen, Heresiarchinen, Gy-
rodontinen und Alomyinen. Bestimmungstabelle der palaarktischen Arten der Gattung
Ichneumon. Blankenburg in Thiiringen, 1-80.

Townes HK, Townes M, Gupta VK (1961) A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian
Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 1: 1-522.

Uchida T (1937) Die von Herrn O. Piel gesammelten chinesischen Ichneumonidenarten. Insecta
Matsumurana 11: 81—95.

Wahl DB, Mason WRM (1995) The family-group names of the Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 4: 285-293.

Yu DS, Horstmann K (1997) A catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs
of the American Entomological Institute 58: 1—-1558.

Yu DS, van Achterberg C, Horstmann K (2012) Taxapad 2012 — World Ichneumonoidea
2011. Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and Distribution. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. www.

taxapad.com