ore JHR 33: | 3-| 17 (201 3) JOURNAL CF Apeenreviewed open-access journal Picasa (4) Hymenoptera www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr The imernaonl Sociey of Hymenopexriss, RESEARCH New synonymy of Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang Elijah J. Talamas', Matthew Buffington', Kim Hoelmer’ I Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA/ARS clo NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA 2. Be- neficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Newark DE, USA Corresponding author: Elijah J. Talamas (talamas.1@osu.edu) Academic editor: Stefan Schmidt | Received 23 May 2013 | Accepted 24 June 2013 | Published 1 August 2013 Citation: Talamas EJ, Buffington M, Hoelmer K (2013) New synonymy of Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33: 113-117. doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.5627 Abstract Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym following examination of the holotype of T! japonicus (Ashmead). Keywords Halyomorpha hatlys, Trissolcus japonicus, Trissolcus halyomorphae, brown marmorated stink bug Introduction Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), commonly called the brown marmorated stink bug, is a polyphagous invasive pest in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is recorded from 39 of the 48 contiguous states (Carter and Hoebeke 2003, Leskey et al. 2012). It has also become established in Switzerland (Wermelinger et al. 2008) and has been intercepted in New Zealand (Harris 2010). The distribution and abundance of this insect in both North America and Europe are expected to grow (Zhu et al. 2012), drawing increased attention to the need for management strategies, including biological control. Multiple species of egg parasitoid wasps in the genus 77is- solcus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are currently the subject of a biological control Copyright Elijah J. Talamas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 114 Elijah J. Talamas et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33: 113-117 (2013) study by the Beneficial Insects & Introduction Unit (Newark, Delaware; USDA-ARS) for use against 7. halys. Yang et al. (2009) published a description of a new species, Trissolcus halyomor- phae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), reared from the eggs of H. halys in Northeast- ern China and provided information on its biology. Their diagnosis indicated that T. halyomorphae and T. japonicus were similar species and that the two could be separated by multiple characters. However, it appears that they did not examine the holotype of T: japonicus, and the specimens that formed the basis of their compari- son must belong to a species other than T. japonicus with characters similar to those of T. flavipes (Thomson). Examination of the holotype of T° japonicus revealed that the characters attributed to this species by Yang et al. (2009) are not present, and that T° japonicus and T. halyo- morphae are conspecific. Specifically, in the holotype of T: japonicus the femora are not concolorous with the remainder of the legs, the antennal scrobe does not have rugulae that extend to the median ocellus, the posterior ocellus is separate from the inner orbit of the eye by less than one ocellar diameter, the orbits of the eyes (orbital furrows) are expanded ventrally, and the notaulus does not curve outward anteriorly. Numerous attempts to borrow the holotype of 7: halyomorphae were unsuccessful but we did procure two paratype females. These specimens, coupled with the images and description of Yang et al., enable us to confidently treat T° halyomorphae as a junior synonym of T: japonicus. We present this synonymy as a prelude to a full scale taxonomic revision of the Asian species of Trissolcus and to minimize confusion by eliminating future use of the name T° halyomorphae in literature regarding the biology of this species and its efficacy as a biological control agent. The contributions of the authors are as follows: E.J. Talamas: species concept de- velopment, imaging, manuscript preparation; M. Bufhngton: manuscript preparation; K. Hoelmer: acquisition of paratype specimens. Materials and methods The locality data reported for primary types are not literal transcriptions of the labels: some abbreviations are expanded; additional data from the collectors are also included. The numbers prefixed with “USNM ENT” or “USNM Type No.” are unique identi- fiers for the individual specimens (note the blank space after the acronyms). Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link, purl. oclc.org/ NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form. The taxo- nomic synopsis was generated by the Hymenoptera Online Database (hol.osu.edu). Images were produced using Combine ZP and Cartograph extended-focus software. Full resolution images are archived at the image database at The Ohio State University (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/specimage), MorphBank (www.morphbank.net), and Hymenoptera Holotypes of the Smithsonian Institution (usnmhymtypes.com). New synonymy of Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang 115 2 we UT 3 We = Figures 1-3. 77issolcus japonicus, holotype female (usnm type no. 7127) | Head, anterior view 2 lateral habitus 3 dorsal habitus. Scale bars in millimeters. Taxonomic part Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) urn:|sid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:3249 http://species-id.net/wiki/Trissolcus_japonicus Dissolcus japonicus Ashmead, 1904: 73 (original description); Kieffer 1926: 124, 125 (description, keyed). Asolcus plautiae Watanabe, 1954: 18, 22 (original description, keyed, synonymized by Hirashima and Yamagishi (1981)). Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 72 (type information, generic transfer); Hirashima and Yamagishi 1981: 153 (description, synonymy); Ryu and Hirashima 1984: 37, 43 (description, keyed). Trissolcus plautiae (Watanabe): Kozlov 1968: 198 (keyed); Kozlov and Lé 1976: 658 (keyed); Kozlov and Lé 1977: 504 (keyed); Kozlov 1978: 629 (description); Hirashima and Yamagishi 1981: 153 (junior synonym of Trissolcus japonicus 116 Elijah J. Talamas et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33: 113-117 (2013) (Ashmead)); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 86 (description); Kononova 1995: 92 (keyed). Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang, 2009: 40 (original description). syn. n. Material examined. Holotype, female, Dissolcus japonicus: JAPAN: Kanagawa Pref., Ashigarashimo Dist., Hakone Town, Koebele, USNM Type No. 7127 (deposited in USNM). Other material: 2 paratype females of Trissolcus halyomorphae, CHINA: Xiangshan, Beijing 7-VHI-2001, reared from eggs of Halyomorpha halys, Yang, Z.-Q. Leg. USNM ENT 00872401-00872402 (USNM) References Ashmead WH (1904) Descriptions of new Hymenoptera from Japan — I. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 12: 65-84". Harris AC (2010) Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Protaetia brevitarsis (Co- leoptera: Scarabeidae: Cetoniinanae) intercepted in Dunedin. The Weta 40: 42-44. Hirashima Y, Yamagishi K (1981) Redescriptions of the types of some Japanese Scelionidae preserved in the United States National Museum (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea). Jour- nal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 25: 153-1597. Hoebeke ER, Carter ME (2003) Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): A polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 225-237. Kieffer JJ (1926) Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 885 pp’. Kononova SV (1995) [25. Fam. Scelionidae.] Pages 57-121 in Lehr. [Key to insects of Russian Far East in six volume. vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Part 2. Hyme- noptera.] Dal’nauka, Vladivostok. 600 pp‘. Kozlov MA (1968) [Telenomines (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae) of the Caucasus -- egg parasites of the sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) and other grain bugs.] Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva 52: 188-223”. Kozlov MA (1978) [Superfamily Proctotrupoidea]. In: Medvedev. [Determination of insects of the European portion of the USSR.] Vol. 3, part 2. Nauka, Leningrad, 538-664°. 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Endnotes urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:97 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:944 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:310 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:602 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:688 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:326 urn:|sid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:364 CON WWM KR DW NH urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:1029 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:597 \9 urn:|sid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:312 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:558 — pt re © — NO urn:lsid:biosci.ohio_state.edu:osuc_pubs:616 doi: 10.1603/008.102.0104 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031246 — HX Go