ore JHR 3 Ig |—64 (20 I 3) JOURNAL COR: Pepeehrntewed opso-atestilocroat doi: 10.3897/JHR.31.4072 ME Hymenopter a www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr The imernatonl Society of Hymenopixriss, RESEARCH Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae), with the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar Simon van Noort'”', Matthew L. Buffington?* | Natural History Department, Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa 2 Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701 3 Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA, clo Smithsonian NMNH, 10th & Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC 20013 T urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:7/ CCD 1 66F-F1FA-43DA-B582-4E84EAF59AD 1 * urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:603275 DE-9AE3-40C6-8AD/7-6A2AF7485F35 Corresponding author: Simon van Noort (svannoort@iziko.org.za) Academic editor: /. Yoder | Received 1 October 2012 | Accepted 29 January 2013 | Published 13 March 2013 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: DFD 1344D-FCA6-42CD-BD68-4FDF2E73F9AC Citation: van Noort S, Buffington ML (2013) Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64. doi: 10.3897/ JHR.31.4072 Abstract The liopterid subfamily Mayrellinae is revised for the Afrotropical region including the description of the following nine new species of Paramblynotus Cameron: Paramblynotus alexandriensis Buffington & van Noort sp. n.; Paramblynotus bayangensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus behara van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus dzangasangha van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus matele van Noort & Bufhington sp. n.; Paramblynotus parinari Buffington & van Noort sp. n.; Paramblynotus ruvubuensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Paramblynotus seyrigi van Noort & Buffington sp. n.; Param- blynotus zohy van Noort & Buffington sp. n. The genus Paramblynotus is recorded from Madagascar for the first time, with representatives of two species-groups being present on the island: the Paramblynotus yangambicolous species-group and the new Paramblynotus seyrigi species-group, which we erect here to ac- commodate a single, but highly distinctive new species possessing apomorphic character states. The latter species-group is possibly endemic to Madagascar. We provide identification keys to the species-groups and species occurring in the Afrotropical region. Online dichotomous and interactive Lucid keys are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index.htm Copyright S. van Noort, M.L. Buffington. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Keywords Africa, Afrotropical region, Cynipoidea, Hymenoptera, identification key, Liopteridae, Madagascar, Mayrellinae, systematics Introduction The liopterid subfamily Mayrellinae was established by Hedicke (1922) to accommodate his genus Mayrella. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, Ronquist (1995) divided the Liop- teridae into four monophyletic subfamilies: Liopterinae, Dallatorrellinae, Oberthuerel- linae and Mayrellinae. The circumscription of the Mayrellinae was expanded by Ronquist (1995) to include the genera Decellea Benoit, Kiefferiella Ashmead and Paramblynotus Cameron (the latter including eight synonymised genera: Allocynips Kieffer; Baviana Bar- bolin; Diholocynips Rohwer & Fagan; Holocynips Kiefer; Mayrella Hedicke; Paraegilips Kieffer; Paribalia Weld; and Stylobrachys Belizin). Subsequently Liu et al. (2007) dem- onstrated that Decellea formed a clade nested within Paramblynotus, with the resultant synonymization leaving two genera in the subfamily. Of the four liopterid subfamilies only two (Oberthuerellinae and Mayrellinae) are present in the Afrotropical region, from where the family was poorly known for many years (Ronquist, 1995). The Mayrellinae were originally represented by three Benoit (1956) species only known from the Demo- cratic Republic of Congo: Decellea yangambicolus, Paramblynotus nigricornis and P. triseto- sus. Significant advances have recently been made, elevating the taxonomic knowledge of the Afrotropical Liopteridae (Liu et al. 2007; Buffington and van Noort 2012). Liu et al. (2007) provided a comprehensive revision of world Paramblynotus including phylogenetic and historical biogeographical analyses and described 22 new species from Africa. Buff- ington and van Noort (2012) described 11 new species of Oberthuerellinae and published a key to Afrotropical genera of Liopteridae as well as keys to species of Oberthuerellinae including online dichotomous and interactive Lucid key versions available on Wasp Web (http://www.waspweb.org). The total species richness for the Afrotropical Liopteridae, prior to this revision, stood at 52 species, comprising 25 valid species of Mayrellinae (Liu et al. 2007) and 27 valid species of Oberthuerellinae (Buffington and van Noort 2012). Biologically the family is still poorly known with knowledge restricted to a couple of published records of association through rearing: two species of Kiefferiella were reared from buprestid (Acmaeodera pulchella) infested logs (Weld 1956); a Kiefferiella species and a Paramblynotus species were reared from trees in the family Fabaceae, Pros- opis glandulosa and Dalberghia fusca respectively (Ronquist 1995). These associations are all for representatives of the subfamily Mayrellinae with no records available for the Liopterinae or Oberthuerellinae. In fact, no verified host records exist for Liopteridae (Bufhington et al. 2012; Buffington and van Noort 2012). During visits to European museums to image types of Afrotropical Hymenop- tera, the first author discovered a field box in the Paris Museum containing an odd assortment of unidentified wasps collected by André Seyrig in Madagascar during the 1930’s. Among this material were specimens of unusual liopterids representing a new Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 3 species-group and the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar. We describe these in this paper along with further new species of the genus that have recently been collected from Africa during inventory surveys undertaken by the first author and Robert Copeland of ICIPE, and provide keys to the Afrotropical species of Param- blynotus. This revision elevates the current total of Afrotropical liopterid species to 61 with the description of nine new species in this paper. Materials and methods Specimens were point mounted on black, acid-free card for examination (using a Wild M-5 stereomicroscope with incandescent and fluorescent light sources), photography and long term preservation. Images were acquired using the EntoVision® multiple- focus imaging system. This system comprises a Leica® M16 microscope with a JVC° KY-75U 3-CCD digital video camera attached that fed image data to a notebook computer. The program Cartograph® 5.6.0 was then used to merge an image series (representing typically 10-15 focal planes) into a single in-focus image. Lighting was achieved using techniques summarized in Buffington et al. (2005), Kerr et al. (2009) and Buffington and Gates (2009). Morphological terminology follows that of Ronquist (1995) and Liu et al. (2007) and cuticular surface terminology follows Harris (1979). To retain consistency with previous systematic treatments of the Liopteridae (and Cynipoidea), the abdominal terga are numbered according to the traditional abdominal segmentation count and not metasomal segmentation numbering i.e. with the propodeum representing tergite 1; the first metasomal tergite representing tergite 2; the second metasomal tergite rep- resenting tergite 3, and so on (as in Ronquist, 1995 Figs 63—72; Liu et al. 2007 Fig 2). Hence, the numerical labeling of the terga (terga 2-8) in this paper refer to abdominal terga and not strictly metasomal terga i.e. tergite 2 = metasomal tergite 1. Morphologi- cal terms used in this revision were matched to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO, Yoder et al. 2010) (see Appendix). Identifiers (URIs) in the format http://purl. obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_XXXXXXX represent anatomical concepts in HAO version http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/hao/2011-05-18/hao.owl. They are provided to enable readers to confirm their understanding of the anatomical structures being referenced. To find out more about a given structure, including, images, references, and other metadata, use the identifier as a web-link, or use the HAO:XXXXXXX (note colon replaces underscore) as a search term at http://glossary.hymao.org. Identification keys were produced in three formats to facilitate accessibility by a range of end-users (Penev et al. 2009): 1. Traditional dichotomous keys that include incorporation of colour annotated images above each couplet facilitating the recognition of diagnostic characters. These are published below and made available as static keys on www.waspweb.org; 2. Online interactive Lucid Phoenix keys were produced and are hosted on www.waspweb.org; 3. Online interactive Lucid matrix keys were produced us- ing output from the vSyslab and hosted on www.waspweb.org. Although Lucid Phoenix 4 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) keys are interactive keys they are still dichotomous and a choice needs to be made at each key couplet to continue. Lucid matrix keys, on the other hand, use a different approach where relevant states from multiple character features can be selected independently un- til identification is achieved (www.lucidcentral.org). All images presented in this paper are freely available through http://morphbank.net and http://www.waspweb.org. List of Depositories (Abbreviations [codens] after Ross et al. 1993, except for RMCA which was listed as MRAC) BMNH_ Natural History Museum, London. Curator: David Notton MNHN Natural History Museum, Paris. Curator: Claire Villemant NMKE National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Curator: Martha Gikunga RCPC Robert Copeland personal collection, Nairobi. RMCA_ Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. Curator: Eliane de Coninck SAMC _ Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town. Curator: Simon van Noort SANC — South African National Collection of Insects. Curator: Ros Urban. USNM_ National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC. Curator: Matt Buffington. Systematic treatment Liopteridae http://species-id.net/wiki/Liopteridae http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/index.htm Remarks. ‘The Liopteridae are represented in the Afrotropical region by two subfami- lies: Oberthuerellinae and Mayrellinae, with the former having been recently revised by Bufhngton and van Noort (2012) and the latter by Liu et al. (2007). An identification key to Afrotropical liopterid genera was published in Buffington and van Noort (2012) and is also available online at: http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index. htm. The other two liopterid subfamilies, Liopterinae and Dallatorrellinae, are restricted to the Neotropical and Indo-Australasian regions respectively (Ronquist 1995). Mayrellinae Hedicke Mayrellinae Hedicke, 1922: 190 Remarks. This subfamily includes two genera, Kiefferiella and Paramblynotus, with only the latter genus occurring in the Afrotropical region (Ronquist 1995; Liu et al. 2007; van Noort and Buffington 2012). Kiefferiella is endemic to the south-western Nearctic region, whereas Paramblynotus is widespread occurring in all biogeographical regions with the exception of the western Palaearctic region and Australia (Ronquist 1995; Liu et al. 2007). Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 5 Paramblynotus Cameron http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/index.htm Paramblynotus Cameron, 1908: 299. Type species Paramblynotus puntulatus Cameron by subsequent designation (Rohwer and Fagan 1917: 372). Paraegilips Kiefter, 1910b: 335. Type species Paraegilips reticulata Kieffer by mono- typy. Synonymized with Paramblynolus by Hedicke (in Hedicke and Kerrich 1940: 179); resurrected as a valid genus by Weld (1952: 164). Synonymy re-established by Ronquist (1995: 34). Allocynips Kieffer, 1914: 185. Type species Allocynips ruficeps Kiefter [= Paramblynotus ruficollis Cameron] by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Pa- ramblynotus by Weld (1930: 137). Holocynips Kieffer, 1916: 284. Type species Holocynips nigra Kieffer by original desig- nation and monotypy. Synonymized with Paraegilips by Weld (1952: 164). Preoc- cupied by Holocynips Kieffer, 1910a: 114. Synonymy by Ronquist (1995: 34). Diholocynips Rohwer & Fagan, 1917: 365. Replacement name for Holocynips Kieffer. 1916 nec Kieffer 1910a. Mayrella Hedicke, 1922: 190. Type species Mayrella formosana Hedicke by monotypy. Synonymized with Paramblynotus by Weld (1952: 158). Paribalia Weld, 1922: 325. Type species Paribalia borneana Weld by monotypy. Syn- onymy by Ronquist (1995: 34). Stylobrachys Belizin, 1951: 572. Type species Stylobrachys scaber Belizin by original des- ignation and monotypy. Synonymized with Paramblynotus by Kovalev (1994: 414). Baviana Barbolin, 1954: 125. Type species Baviana ferruginea Barbolin by original des- ignation and monotypy. Synonymized with Paramblynotus by Weld (1962: 279). Decellea Benoit, 1956: 52. Synonymised with Paramblynotus by Weld (1962; 279); status re-established by Ronquist (1995: 34); synonymy by Liu et al. (2007: 30). Diagnosis. Medium-sized to very small cynipoids. Very small species look superf- cially like cynipids, but careful attention to the relative size of the metasomal terga will help separate Paramblynotus from cynipids. Some superficially resemble figitids, especially Thrasorinae (not found in Africa), but can be separated from the latter by having a deeply foveate pronotum and mesoscutum, as well as by the diagnostic liop- terid metasomal tergal arrangement with an enlarged sixth abdominal tergum (Figs 8A, 13A). Within Afrotropical Liopteridae, Paramblynotus can be distinguished by lacking any scutellar armament, by the lack of any sort of lobe at the base of the tarsal claws, and by the presence of an axillula (= auricula) on the side of the scutellum (Fig. 28C). Two apomorphic characters were proposed by Ronquist (1995) to circum- scribe the genus: a well-defined and evenly curved ventral margin to the mesopleural triangle, and the female abdominal tergum six expanded to form the largest tergite in dorsal view. The P. yangambicolus species-group has a less well-defined mesopleural triangle ventral margin, which is regarded by Liu et al. (2007) as a reversal, since this 6 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) species-group is deeply nested within the Paramblynotus clade, and because an irregu- larly defined margin is a basal character state within the Cynipoidea (Liu et al. 2007). Identification. Online interactive keys to genera of Afrotropical Liopteridae are available at: http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index.htm. A standard di- chotomous key is also available online at this URL as well as in Buffington and van Noort (2012). Here we provide keys to the Afrotropical species-groups and Param- blynotus species, which are also available on WaspWeb. Distribution. ‘The genus is represented in all biogeographical regions except for the Western Palaearctic and Australia (Liu et al. 2007; Ronquist 1995). Three species-groups are present in the Afrotropical region: the P. trisetosus and P. yangambicolus species-groups (two of the seven species-groups recognized by Liu et al. 2007), as well as the new species- group P. seyrigi erected here, which are all endemic to the Afrotropical region. Biology. The type female of Paramblynotus yangambicolus was captured on a Dry- petes gossweileri (Euphorbiaceae) log in Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) (Benoit 1956). Two females of P. yangambicolus from Uganda are labelled “ex Coleoptera”; two other females from Uganda are labeled “ex Lepidoptera” (Ronquist 1995). In fact, no verified host records exist for Liopteridae (Buffington et al. 2012; Buffington and van Noort 2012). Comments. Paramblynotus species are rare in collections. With the exception of P. yangambicolus (6F), P. fuscapiculus (14F), P. zairiensis (2F), P. kekenboschi (2F), P. jacksoni (5F, 2M), and P. scalptus (2F, 1M) the remaining 19 African species of Par- amblynotus treated by Liu et al. (2007) were known from single specimens. The current revision is based on the examination of a further 65 specimens that have been recently collected or unearthed in existing collections. Key to species-groups of Afrotropical Paramblynotus http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Keys/index.htm HAT Mesoscutum Scutellar fovea” 4 a - } TCO ie Cala . Rronotalsmargin-angled mesoscutal" sa . a. ET : impression —— )! Mee BSS 1 Mesoscutum smooth, shiny with only remnants of transverse costae. Median mesoscutal impression present, reaching halfway to anterior margin. The two scutellar foveae each with four subcarinae creating a transverse row of 10 longitudinally elongate subfoveae. Latero-ventral margin of pronotum angled where it meets lateral pronotal carina. F1 of antenna shorter than F2........... sheaves as oy Sia ese shea teeta eesas P. seyrigi species-group (P. seyrigi sp. n.) Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... is = Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, or transversely carinate with foveae set in rows, or with rough discontinuous transverse costae produced into ir- regularly raised and slightly backward pointing teeth. Median mesoscutal impression, if present, obscured by sculpture. Scutellar foveae usually two in number, or less frequently subdivided into a maximum of 6 subfoveae. Latero-ventral margin of pronotum evenly curved. F1 of antenna equal to or ILO TaYeZor Ae 0 yl Red tehere Mesin sear eastcn TRU OA San Ser er ork iar el tana, ina 2 Pronotal tooth 3 \s im with irregular yo 4 ae pap tre. bie 0 we Mésoscutal costae ah a produced into back / ra, ward poihting'teeth +? rv St we 2 Pronotal crest gradually raised, medially forming a conspicuous slightly back- ward pointing ridge-like tooth. Mesoscutum with rough discontinuous trans- verse costae produced into irregularly raised and slightly backward pointing teeth. Speculum longitudinally costate. Median propodeal area not delimited by lateral propodeal carinae, posteriorly foveate-reticulate........ ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee Bite Ue ataa etn Supt n MI Rech BI ci as OS. as P. yangambicolus species-group 8 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Pronetal crest without tooth ie Mésoscutum foveate-reticulate=or With fovea set in rows: bre = — & “SSS Costae not a. produced inte agi backward ——e oy eS | Lateral pointing teeth Fj} —~E— Speculur's progotal eS , smogth, ~earina shiny>. > Va présent ~ - Pronotal crest flat. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate or with continuous trans- verse carinae with foveae set in rows. Speculum smooth, rarely longitudinally costate. Median propodeal area distinctly delimited by lateral propodeal cari- nae, posteriorly not foveate-reticulate................ P. trisetosus species-group. Paramblynotus seyrigi species-group Remarks. We erect this new species-group to accommodate a single species that is likely to be a Madagascan endemic. The island is known for its high degree of end- emism (Goodman and Benstead 2003). Diagnosis. Paramblynotus seyrigi has closest affinities with the two Oriental species-groups P. ruficollis and P. punctulatus of Liu et al. (2007), however, the species is morphologically unique possessing a number of putative apomorphies listed below. The P. seyrigi species-group shares the sculptural arrangement of the vertex (large ocelli with three distinct carinae extending to or between the toruli) with the two aforementioned Oriental species-groups, but the lack of an occipital carina in combination with an absence of a pronotal crest or tooth, and the puta- tive derived apomorphic states where the posterior pronotal margin is uniquely represented by a swollen rim; reduced sculpture on the mesoscutum and a unique scutellar foveal character state comprising ten subfoveae separate it from these two groups. It is distinct from the two African species-groups P. yangambicolus and P. trisetosus in a number of characters including a glabrous mesopleuron without sculpture, antennal F1 equal in length to F2, and the presence of an angled latero- ventral pronotal margin. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 2 Paramblynotus seyrigi van Noort & Buffington, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CBBFE73D-0460-4F92-A10F-DD409A4A2494 http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_seyrigi http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_seyrigi.htm Figures 1, 2, 3 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Madagascar, Behara, Museum Paris, 1-38, [A.] Seyrig (MNHN). PARATYPES. 13F, 9M: same data as holotype, SAM-HYM- P031800 (MNHN, SAMC, USNM); 6E 4M: Madagascar, Behara, Museum Paris, X1-38, [A.] Seyrig, SAM-HYM-P044099 (MNHN, SAMC, USNM). Note. Behara (24°57'S, 46°23’'E) is situated in south-eastern Madagascar (in the dis- trict of Amboasary Sud, which is part of the Anosy Region) near Télanaro (formerly Fort Dauphin), the latter was the first French settlement in Madagascar. There are numerous settlements in Madagascar with the name Behara, but based on an annotated copy of the map in Seyrig’s 1932 paper in combination with the fact that he lived in Télanaro for many years, the above locality (which is the largest and most well known settlement named Behara) was deemed to be the most likely (Rousse pers. comm.). André Seyrig collected throughout Madagascar from 1921 to 1944, but his collecting effort was focused down the middle of the southern part of the island from Antanarivo to Télanaro and east of Antanarivo to the coast (see map in Seyrig 1932 and Figure 1 in Rousse et al. 2011). Sey- rig’s insect collection and manuscripts were given by his widow to the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN (Rousse et al. 2011) and unless there are specimens collected by him from elsewhere in Madagascar that remain undiscovered in the Paris or other museums, current evidence suggests a restricted distribution for this species. In addition extensive inventory surveys conducted by Brian Fisher and colleagues from the California Academy of Sciences across Madagascar in recent years have so far not produced any specimens of this species (that we are aware of; many samples remain to be sorted from the CASC Madagascar project (R. Zuparko, pers. comm)) suggesting that the species is rare or probably more likely to be localized in distribution. Seyrig collected 32 specimens in the months of January and November 1938 suggesting that it is not rare where it occurs. Distribution. Madagascar (currently only known from Behara). Etymology. Named after André Seyrig (1897-1945) collector of the type series and prolific collector of many other faunal and floral taxa from Madagascar. Noun in the genitive case. Diagnosis. Belongs to the newly erected P. seyrigi species-group (see above). Fe- male with 13 (male with 14) segmented antennae (Fig. 1A); F1 shorter than F2; flagel- lum not widening toward apex; ocellar plate not raised; ocelli large, their diameter as great as distance between lateral and median ocellus. Vertex with two distinct lateral carinae extending from each torulus towards lateral ocelli, reaching posteriorly as far as in line with median ocellus; strongly keeled medial carina present between toruli ex- tending towards median ocellus (Figs 2C; 2E). Occiput straight in dorsal view, smooth without a carina (Figs 1C—D). Lower face protruding in lateral view. Single submedian 10 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Figure |. Paramblynotus seyrigi sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E mesosoma, dorsal view F scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view. pronotal depression (Fig. 2A). Pronotal crest not raised. Lateral carina of pronotum distinct. Posterior mesoscutum and scutellum contiguously flat in lateral view (Fig. 1C). Mesoscutum smooth, shiny with remnants of transverse costae; notaulices com- plete extending to anterior margin of mesocutum; median mesoscutal impression pre- sent reaching halfway to anterior margin (Figs 1D—F). The two scutellar foveae each with four subcarinae creating a transverse row of 10 longitudinally elongate subfoveae (Fig. 1F). Upper mesopleuron and speculum glabrous (Fig. 2B). T6 largest dorsally, Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 11 T8 exposed (Figs 2F; 3A). Wings clear with three darker vertical patches, a small patch either side of the basalis vein, a larger patch subapically between RS and M+Cu and an apical band confluent with the wing margin (Fig. 3B). Comments. This species, along with P. zohy sp. n. and P. behara sp. n. represent the first records of Paramblynotus from Madagascar. Description. FEMALE. Length 5.2-8.0 mm (holotype: 6.3 mm ). Head, antennae (except for terminal segments which are darker), pronotum, legs and proximal third of metasoma brownish-orange; rest of mesosoma dark brown; rest of metasoma orange (Fig. 1A). Wings transparent; with three darker vertical patches, a small patch either side of the basalis vein, a larger patch subapically between RS and M+Cu, and an apical band conflu- ent with the wing margin (Fig. 3B). Entire head with the exception of the genae and oc- ciput strongly pubescent. Eyes prominent, bulbous, but not laterally extended much be- yond outer margin of genae in frontal view (Fig. 2C). Antenna 13 segmented; F1 shorter than F2; flagellum not widening toward apex. Vertex smooth, ocellar plate not raised; ocelli large, their diameter as great as distance between lateral and median ocellus (Figs 2C; 2E). Face punctate-rugose, humped between toruli and clypeal margin, protruding in lateral view; antennal scrobe mostly smooth with minute punctuation. Vertex with two distinct lateral carinae extending from each torulus, defining outer margin of scrobe, towards lateral ocelli, reaching posteriorly as far as in line with median ocellus; strongly keeled medial carina present between toruli extending towards median ocellus (Figs 2C; 2E). Occiput straight in dorsal view, smooth without a carina. Lower face with strong excavations (with weak vertical carinae) defining upper clypeal margin, and containing anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 2D). Clypeus smooth. Genae with distinct foveae along eye margin, polished between these foveae and genal carina. Mesosoma strongly pubescent. Anterior plate of pronotum puberulous. Pronotum dorsomedially with swollen rim with- out any crest. Lateral carinae of pronotum strong, fading dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate. Dorsal pronotal area smooth with minute punctures, Mesoscutum smooth, shiny with remnants of transverse costae; notaulices complete, extending to an- terior margin of mesocutum; median mesoscutal impression present reaching halfway to anterior margin. The two scutellar foveea each with four subdivisions creating a transverse row of 10 longitudinally elongate subfoveae (Fig. 1F). Scutellum medially smooth with sparse punctures, peripherally areolate-punctate. Posterior mesoscutum and scutellum contiguously flat in lateral view. Mesopleural triangle defined without ventral curved carina, strongly pubescent; upper mesopleuron glabrous, smooth, anteriorly and ven- trally pubescent with minute punctures; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous, smooth (Fig. 2B). Metanotal-propodeal complex strongly excavated, excavations bordered by strong carinae. Metepisternum dorsally excavated with pubescence, medially polished with indi- cations of minor rugose remnants, ventrally pubescent. Dorsellum with two strong medi- al foveae; laterally strongly excavated with fine pubescence in lateral depressions. Lateral propodeal carina present; median longitudinal propodeal carina well-defined, crossed by wrinkled transverse and longitudinal carinae extending onto nucha (Fig. 1F). Rs+M of forewing defined, but nebulous where it arises from basal vein at posterior third. Mar- 12 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Figure 2. Paramblynotus seyrigi sp. n., holotype female. A pronotum, antero-dorsal view B mesopleuron C head anterior view D face, anterior view E vertex, dorso-lateral view F metasoma, lateral view. ginal cell 2.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 3B). Abdominal petiole very short, polished, 0.25 times as long as wide in dorsal view (Figs 1C—D). Posterior ventral margin of metasomal T7 sinuate (Fig. 2F). [8 well exposed, with a patch of scattered long setae posteriorly (Fig. 3A). Ventral portions of T2-T7 covered by sternum 3. Relative dorsal length of T3-8: 27:15:15:46:13:8. Tergites dorsally finely punctate; laterally and ventrally polished. All legs sparsely punctuate, strongly pubescent, except metacoxae dorsally glabrous, smooth. Mesotibial outer spur shorter than inner spur; metatibial spurs subequal in length. Ratio of first metatarsomere to the remaining 4 metatarsomeres combined: 0.70. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 13 HOLOTYPE @ -Paramblynotus seyrigi ° van Noort & Buffington Figure 3. Paramblynotus seyrigi sp. n., holotype female. A ovipositor lateral view B wings C tarsal claws D labels. MALE. Length 4—5.5 mm. Very similar to female except for abdominal petiole, which is much more elongate, T2 as long as wide in dorsal view and twice as long as high in lateral view. Tergites 6—8 each with a dorsal terminal area of setiferous punc- tures, rest of tergite polished. Paramblynotus yangambicolus species-group Remarks. Historically this taxon has been recognized variously at generic (Decellea Benoit, 1956) or subgeneric level (Liu et al. 2007). Decellea was synonymized with Paramblynotus by Weld (1962); followed by re-establishment of generic status by Ronquist (1995); and subsequent re-synonymisation based on phylogenetic analyses, which showed this species-group to be deeply nested within the Paramblynotus clade (Liu et al. 2007). Previously the species-group was only known from the African mainland with three described species (P. mixtus Liu et al., P. alveolatus Liu et al. and P. yangambicolus Benoit). We describe two further species from Madagascar (P. behara sp. n. and P. zohy sp. n.). Diagnosis. ‘This species—group is characterized in females by excavations (spiracu- lar peritremata) on the terminal portion of T8 associated with the spiracle (Figs 7B; 14 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) 9D; 12A-B), not referred to by Liu et al. (2007). A distinct pronotal crest is present, medially forming a conspicuous, slightly backward pointing, ridge-like tooth (Figs 4C; 6C; 8C—D; 10C). The mesoscutum has rough discontinuous transverse costae pro- duced into irregularly raised and slightly backward pointing teeth (Figs 4C-D; 6C-D; 8E-F; 10C-—D). The speculum is longitudinally costate (Fig. 11D, and the median propodeal area is not delimited by lateral propodeal carinae. Key to species of the P yangambicolus species-group (modified from Liu et al. 2007) 1 Forewing with RS+M vein arising at or very close to base of basal vein (Figs Deel DCH) CV ad ao asa ats sik ssSenitee dunes ct. ee sos edecdiecaase reise eit edtenadee nd 2 - Forewing with RS+M vein arising at basal third or mid-way up basal vein iP ites DBs, OE) (Aticd). 4. fee tecee eta nt feuccte te ctor tes tiaee Set deentrtctencet cena ee tey 3 2 Head and mesosoma black (Figs 4C—D). Abdominal tergite 2 (petiole) dor- sally sparsely variolate with confused, weak, longitudinal carinulation (Fig. 4F); laterally with strong, widely spaced longitudinal carinae (Fig. 4E). RS+M, basal vein and M+Cul nebulous (Fig. 5B). RS+M arising from base of basal vein, this juncture represented by a pigmented spot (Fig. 5B). (Fe- PALS MUTI OMY) esse en enseEDciede Pon Bpie tee Roel eds arc Ric bane. P. behara sp. n. = Head pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum reddish-brown (Figs 10 C—D). Abdominal tergite 2 (petiole) densely longitudinally carinate (Fig. 11E). RS+M, basal vein and M+Cul distinct (Fig. 12C). RS+M arising slightly above base of basal vein (Fig. 12C). (Female T8 with two excavations, a small- er circular one surrounding the spiracle and a second larger oval one adjacent to the first and extending to posterior margin) (Figs 12A—B) ....P. zohy sp. n. 3 Body length about 4 mm. Body colour entirely dark (Fig. 6A). Eyes promi- nent, protruding distinctly beyond genae (Fig. 6E). Median frontal carina almost reaching clypeus. Antennal scrobes rugose. Speculum distinctly lon- gitudinally carinate (Fig. 6C). Upper mesopleuron foveate-reticulate. Mes- oscutellum sloped posteriorly (Fig. 6C). Wings entirely transparent (Fig. 6A). Metasoma somewhat, but not strongly, compressed laterally. T'6 almost about the same size as the three preceding tergites (Fig. OF). Sterna 4-6 en- RitelyecOvered (yes te nails}. suse sa tases haat eeneees he. matte naa te P. mixtus = Body length about 6-10 mm. Head and mesosoma dark, metasoma yellow to brown (Fig. 8A). Eyes not protruding distinctly beyond genae (Fig. 9A). Median frontal carina absent in lower face. Antennal scrobes entirely longi- tudinally carinate. Speculum very finely and superficially carinate (Fig. 8E). Upper mesopleuron entirely longitudinally costate. Mesoscutellum raised posteriorly, forming a flat dorsal surface (Fig. 8C). Forewing evenly ferrugi- nous with darker marginal cell and a dark narrow strip along anterior-interior margin of the first submarginal cell (Fig. 9B). Metasoma strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 9B). T6 distinctly larger than any of the 3 preceding tergites (Fig. 9C). Sterna 4-6 exposed, not covered by sternum 3.0... ceceeeseeeeeeees 4 Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 15 4 Face evenly curved in lateral view. Genae ventrally strongly expanded posteriorly. Median mesopleural impression distinct. Lower mesopleuron densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia rounded apically; first metatarsomere 2.0x length of remaining 4 metatarsomeres combined..............00. P. alveolatus - Face distinctly raised medially and curved inward ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 8D). Median mesopleural impression usually obscured by extension of longitudinal carinae in upper mesopleuron (Fig. 8C). Lower mesopleuron glabrate and sparsely punctate with sparse pubscence. Apical teeth of metati- bia pointed apically (Fig. 9C); first metatarsomere 1.5x length of remaining 4 -qetatarsOmeressCOMbINE ctesscscusuccdsassatecsasetedignadedaaee P. yangambicolus Paramblynotus alveolatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus alveolatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 49-50. Holotype fe- male in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (MNCN). Type locality. Cameroon. Distribution. Cameroon. Paramblynotus behara van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8F4B43B-EG0E-4A3B-8B58-BCAA65C3A1ED http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_behara http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_behara.htm Figures 4, 5 Type material. HOLOTYPE: Male: Madagascar, Behara, Museum Paris, XI-38, A. Seyrig (MNHN). PARATYPES: 1M: same data as holotype, except for I-38 (SAMC); 1M: Madagascar, Bekily, Reg. Sud. de Lile, Museum Paris, I-39, A. Seyrig (MNHN); 1M: Antsiranana: Orangea, 3km E of Ramena, near fort, 65m, 12°14'49"S, 49°22'17"E, 21-23.1.2001, MT, Irwin, Schlinger & Harin’ Hala, littoral forest on sand. MA-01-05- 02 (USNM). Distribution. Madagascar. Etymology. Named after the type locality. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. yangambicolus species-group. Male with elongate 14-segmented antenna (Fig. 4A). Forewing with RS+M vein arising at base of basal vein (Fig. 5B), a character state shared with the other Madagascan species in this spe- cies-group, P. zohy, and separating these two species from the African species. Unique- ly, P. behara has spectral Rs+M and basal veins (Fig. 5B). Both veins are defined in P. zohy; however, this character may be sex-linked and not diagnostic at species level. Males are not known for any of the other species in this species-group. 16 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) osoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E metasoma, lateral view F metasoma, dorsal view. Comments. There is the possibility that this species may be the male of, and hence conspecific, with P. zohy sp. n. This is unlikely given the marked sexual dimorphism in overall appearance, a trait that is not characteristic of the genus and one that would need to be invoked if they were conspecific. This species, along with Paramblynotus seyrigi sp. n. and P. gohy sp. n., represent the first records of Paramblynotus from Madagascar. Note. See note under P. seyrigi concerning André Seyrig’s collecting. Description. MALE. Length 2.7 mm. Head and mesosoma black; metasoma reddish-brown; antennae (except for three terminal segments which are darker), are Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 17 Figure 5. Paramblynotus behara sp. n., holotype female. A face, anterior view B forewing C labels. Para- type female (Bekily) D habitus, lateral view. orangish-brown (Fig. 4A). Wings transparent (Fig. 5B). Entire head punctate-rugose, strongly pubescent (Fig. 5A). Eyes small, not laterally extended beyond outer margin of genae in frontal view; 1.17x length of malar space. (Fig. 5A). Antenna 14-segmented; F1 subequal (0.95x) in length to F2; flagellum equally wide throughout length. Vertex areolet-rugose, ocellar plate raised, not delimited by carinae; ocelli small, median ocellus diameter equal to distance between lateral and median ocellus; large areolet positioned laterad of each lateral ocellus (Figs 4D, 5A). Face areolet-rugose; antennal scrobe ru- gose. Vertex evenly rugose; no carinae present between toruli and lateral ocelli; strongly keeled medial carina present between toruli; extending from median ocellus (originating as v-shaped smooth area at ocellus) to level of ventral margin of toruli (Fig. 5A). Occiput concave in dorsal view, rugose except for smooth, glabrous medial area. Genal carinae extend to mid posterior eye region. Lower face with two weak excavations at upper cl- ypeal margin, containing anterior tentorial pits. Clypeus dorsally rugose, ventrally with horizontal carina, above smooth lighter area bordering straight margin. Genae large. Mesosoma dorsally with scattered long pubescent. Anterior flange and plate of pronotum uniformly areolete-rugulose and pubescent. Pronotum dorsomedially dis- tinctly raised, in lateral view distinctly higher than anterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 4C). Pronotal crest prominent, raised into a sharp lighter medial tooth (Fig. 4C). Lateral pronotal carina distinct, fading well before pronotal crest. Lateral sur- 18 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) face of pronotum foveate. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in irregular rows between transverse costae irregularly raised into strong backward pointing teeth (Figs 4C-—D). The two scutellar foveae each subdivided by two very weak sub-lateral longitudinal carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly with truncate la- mella with a straight edge in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally defined by a smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron foveate-reticulate; median impression vertically carinate; speculum finely longitudinally carinate (Fig. 4C). Metanotum lat- erally longitudinally excavated with fine pubescence. Dorsellum with three medial fo- veae. Propodeum coarsely areolet-rugose, laterally pubescent. Lateral propodeal cari- nae indistinct and inseparable from the longitudinal carinae; median propodeal area areolate-rugose, with elongate cells posteriorly forming parallel longitudinal carinae. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from the base of basal vein (Fig. 5B). Mar- ginal cell 2.8 times as long as wide. Abdominal petiole narrow, laterally longitudi- nally carinate (Fig. 4E), dorsally sparsely variolate with confused, weak, longitudinal carinulation, twice as wide as long in dorsal view (Fig. 4F). Posterior ventral margin of metasomal T6 straight and T7 weakly sinuate in lateral view. T7 largely concealed behind T6 in lateral view, with strong setate medially. T8 strongly setose, visible in lateral view. Relative dorsal length of T3—T8: 7:3.4:3:2:2:3.5. Tergites 5-8 finely punctate; [3-4 polished (Fig. 4F). Legs strongly pubescent; coxae, femora smooth, shiny; tibiae and tarsi densely punctate (Figs 4A, 4E). Mesotibial and metatibial outer spur longer than inner spur. First metatarsomere half as long as the remaining 4 metatarsomeres. FEMALE. Unknown. Paramblynotus mixtus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Figures 6, 7 Paramblynotus mixtus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 48. Holotype female in National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC (USNM). Type locality: Kenya, Ukunda. Distribution. Kenya. Paramblynotus yangambicolus (Benoit, 1956) Figures 8, 9 Decellea yangambicola Benoit, 1956: 52. Holotype female in Royal Museum for Cen- tral Africa, Tervuren (RMCA). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), Yangambi. Combination by Liu et al. (2007). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 19 Figure 6. Paramblynotus mixtus, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and meso- soma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head anterior view F metasoma, lateral view. Paramblynotus zohy van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1412C9B3-9C01-454C-A10B-C23C8E586816 http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_zohy http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_zohy.htm Figures 10, 11 ,12 Type material. HOLOTYPE: Female: Madagascar, Bekily, Reg. Sud. de Vile, Mu- seum Paris, XII-38, A. Seyrig (MNHN). 20 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) - p | a : : ~ Mus. Cor Caos 1g ayn —Jo | ! . Pare nm bh Be icae ee ; een | a oe det. N.D.M.Fergusson, 194 dy \ [acter Latelats HOLOTYPE : | Paramblynotus mixtus Liu, Ronguist, Nordiander 2006 | | | | Figure 7. Paramblynotus mixtus, holotype female. A antenna, card mount B metasoma, terminal seg- ments C labels; Paramblynotus yangambicolus holotype female. D wings, slide mount. Distribution: Madagascar (currently only known from Bekily). Etymology. Zo/y is Malagasy for cave or cavern, with reference to the pothole or cave-like excavations on each side of the terminal portion of T8. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. yangambicolus species-group. Female with 13 seg- mented antennae; F1 same length as F2; flagellum widening towards apex; ocellar plate raised; ocelli small, median ocellus diameter 0.62x distance between lateral and median ocellus (Fig. 11A). Vertex rugose with two weak lateral carinae extending from each torulus towards lateral ocelli; strongly keeled medial carina present between toruli ex- tending from median ocellus and fading below toruli (Fig. LOE). Occiput concave in dorsal view, alveolate without carinae. Upper face protruding in lateral view (Fig. 10C). Pronotal crest distinctly raised into conspicuous medial tooth (Fig. 10C). Lateral carinae of pronotum distinct. Mesoscutum with strongly toothed and ridged transverse costae; notaulices obscured (Figs 10C—D). The two scutellar foveae polished, without divisions (Fig. 11B). Upper mesopleuron and speculum longitudinally striate (Fig. 11D). T6 not much longer than T4 and T5 (Fig. 10A). T8 exposed with two pothole excavations on each side, a smaller circular one surrounding the spiracle and a second larger oval one adjacent to the first and extending to posterior margin (Figs 12A—B). Wings clear; Rs+M arising from near base of basal vein (Fig. 12C), a character state shared with P. behara. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 21 = te - Se F Ee | 5 an ; } Pree. =? rs x \ . . f ; ' AY « I : age \ } aes “ 7. — *, > . 7 —_= a =\ ey U 0.50 mm . 4 en @ t i { ¢ 1, we S i, i iS al if Figure 8. Paramblynotus yangambicolus, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mes- osoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F mesosoma, dorsal view. Comments. This species along with Paramblynotus seyrigi sp. n. and P. behara sp. n. represent the first records of Paramblynotus from Madagascar. Note. See note under P. seyrigi concerning André Seyrig’s collecting. Description. FEMALE. Length 4.5 mm. Head, antennae (except for terminal seg- ments which are darker), mesosoma (except for propodeum and mesopleuron which are black) reddish-brown; legs and metasoma dark brown. Wings clear (Fig. 10A). Entire head punctate-rugose, strongly pubescent. Eyes small, not extending beyond outer margin of genae in anterior view (Fig. 10E); 1.4x length of malar space. Antenna 22 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) COLL. MUS. CONGO Yangambi ’ * 4- IV-1952 J. Decelle 2cathe sr cole den 4 ?. ae mk TEP. L. G. Benoit det., 195 1.0mm © Figure 9. Paramblynotus yangambicolus, holotype female. A head, anterior view B forewing and meta- soma, dorsal view C metasoma, lateral view D tergites 6 & 7 and ovipositor, lateral view E wings, slide mount F labels. 13 segmented; F1 same length as F2; flagellum widening toward apex. Vertex alveo- late, ocellar plate raised; ocelli small, median ocellus diameter 0.62x distance between lateral and median ocellus (Fig. 11A). Face punctate-rugose, humped between toruli and clypeal margin (Fig. 10E), protruding medially in lateral view (Fig. 10C); antennal scrobe rugose. Vertex rugose with two weak lateral carinae extending from each torulus towards lateral ocelli; strongly keeled medial carina present between toruli extending from median ocellus and fading below toruli (Fig. LOE). Occiput concave in dorsal Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 23 Figure 10. Paramblynotus zohy sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E face, anterior view F head and antenna, dorsal view. view, alveolate without carinae. Lower face with two weak excavations at upper clypeal margin, containing anterior tentorial pits. Clypeus rugose, margin strongly convex. Genae large, swollen (Fig. 10C). Mesosoma dorsally with scattered long pubescent (Fig. 10D). Anterior flange of pronotum weakly punctuate/foveate; plate of pronotum medially glabrate and punc- tate/foveate with pubescence laterally (Fig. 11C). Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, in lateral view distinctly higher than anterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 10C). 24 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Figure 11. Paramblynotus zohy sp. n., holotype female. A vertex and pronotum, dorsal view B scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view C pronotum, antero-dorsal view D mesopleuron E propodeum, dorsal view F head, ventral view. Pronotal crest prominent, raised into a sharp carina running parallel to mesoscutal margin, fronting a horizontal shelf on posterior prontal margin that comprises lon- gitudinally carinate foveae (Fig. 11A). Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate with smooth areas (Fig. 11D). Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in irregular rows between transverse costae irregularly raised into strong backward pointing teeth (Figs 10C—D). The two scutellar foveae not subdivided by submedian longitudinal carinae (Fig. 11B). Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 25 HOLOTYPE ° Paramblynotus zohy van Noort & Buffington MADAGASCAR [ae IMAGED we iy Ae WaspWeb ee Figure 12. Paramblynotus zohy sp. n., holotype female. A tergites 5-7 and ovipositor posterior-lateral view B tergites 6-7 and ovipositor posterior view C wings D labels. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly raised and projected into a truncate lamella with a slight emargination in dorsal view (Fig. 11B). Mesopleural triangle ventrally defined by a smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron foveate-reticulate; median impression vertically carinate; speculum finely longitudinally carinate (Fig. 11D). Metapectal-propodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose laterally with dense pu- bescence. Dorsellum with two medial foveae; laterally excavated with fine pubescence in lateral depressions. Median propodeal area areolate-reticulate (Fig. 11B). Rs+M of forewing defined, arising from the base of basal vein (Fig. 12C). Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide. Abdominal petiole short, longitudinally carinate, 0.22 times as long as wide in dorsal view (Fig. 11E). Posterior ventral margin of metasomal T6 and T7 sinuate (Fig. 10A). T7 largely concealed benath T6 only partially visible laterally and covered on dorso-posterior central margin. [8 marginally exposed with two pothole ex- cavations on each side, a smaller circular one surrounding the spiracle and a second larger oval one adjacent to the first and extending to posterior margin (Figs 12 A—B). Relative dorsal length of T3-8: 21:13:15:12:0:4. Tergites 4-8 finely punctate; T3 polished. All legs sparsely punctuate, strongly pubescent, except metacoxae dorsally glabrous, smooth. Mesotibial outer spur shorter than inner spur; metatibial spurs subequal in length. Ratio of first metatarsomere to the remaining 4 metatarsomeres combined: 0.65. MALE. Unknown. 26 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Paramblynotus trisetosus species-group Remarks. ‘This is the most species-rich group within the Afrotropical region with 23 previously described species and a further five species added here. ‘The species-group is only known from the African mainland. Diagnosis. Species in this group are typically smaller than those in other species- groups, and are the easiest to confuse with Figitidae. They are characterized by having a flat pronotal crest (or, pronotal crest absent); the mesoscutum is foveate-reticulate or with continuous transverse carinae with foveae set in rows looking like saw teeth in lateral view; in most species, the speculum is perfectly smooth (gently striate in P. vannoorti); and the median propodeal area is distinctly delimited by lateral propodeal carinae, and posteriorly is not foveate-reticulate. Careful attention to the metasomal sclerites will prevent confusing ¢risetosus-group Paramblynotus with Figitidae. Key to species of the P. trisetosus species-group (modified from Liu et al. 2007) http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Keys/index.htm 1 Head compressed longitudinally; occiput not concave in dorsal view. Mesos- cutum densely foveate, without transverse carinae........ eee P. prinsloot - Head not compressed longitudinally; occiput distinctly concave in dorsal view. Mesoscutum more or less foveate-reticulate, with or without transverse CANA VAG doce g Saseyh wanting oe eter wc ae weeutoan vicastic antec sastnie edie as maser ine ap eect a eccne metres 2, 2 Median frontal carina absent. T6 of female metasoma the largest and T8 dis- tinctly exposed. Median propodeal area without a strong transverse carina ....3 - Median frontal carina present (may only be weakly represented between to- ruli). [6 of female metasoma not always the largest; if T6 the largest, then T8 is not exposed. Median propodeal area usually with a strong transverse carina. Occasionally variations occur, but never come in combination of features as asteRelerauicen cla) | A\uekP OMRON SiR Cent Ry ie ket eet AP e Lipa aN eed Oo I Rede % 3 Potewin gcemtineyACleat .'s cwhs cotuesboteedins ea cauhannsotata Sans bdSadbas Poanesb tse aaiathan seater 4 — Forewing at least ferruginous in marginal: Cell.......ccseemscsorennesonoovessnnmrasenenrt 5 4 Antennae of female with 11 flagellomeres; apical flagellomere less than twice as long as subapical flagellomere. Pronotal crest medially not raised into a triangular process. Metasoma black... eee eeeeseeseeseeeeeeseeees P. nigricornis - Antennae of female with 10 flagellomeres; apical flagellomere longer than twice as long as subapical flagellomere. Pronotal crest medially raised into a small but distinct triangular process. Metasoma brown........... P. claripennis 5 Antennal scrobes longitudinally carinate in upper part and glabrous in lower part. Upper mesopleuron glabrous, smooth, shiny. Metasoma black........ P. samiatus — Antennal scrobes longitudinally carinate entirely. Upper mesopleuron fove- ate: totus OSes, Wietaso lads DFO Will i 0g acetic dns ea Seats Per etes area Maeperonteedeteee ter} 6 6 Vertex longitudinally carinate laterally. Pronotal crest medially raised into a small, distinct rounded triangular process. Scutellar foveae without sub- WCC AMEC ADMD reared: eet estnat eee cies ed etwas cele ecalet ee ad P. maculipennis 12 13 14 Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 27 Vertex foveate-reticulate entirely without longitudinal carination. Pronotal crest smoothly flat, without triangular process. Scutellar foveae subdivided by disninctsubim cd ta ty Canine. Soe. evacseus cee: cvse sevens areqveses ee eae P. townesorum Distance between posterior ocelli at most twice as large as the distance be- tween posterior ocellus and eye. Metasomal T5 of female normal, T6 the largestsi7 exposed, almost entirely: coveritte 8.2. cies cnsci nce SasnaeassacaeBpmunninet 8 Distance between posterior ocelli at least three times the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Metasomal T5 of female dorsally expanded, being the largest (at least so dorsally); T7 is largely or entirely covered by T6; T8 EXP OSCO Ress cias oes, rat pe crantnl ee eee rata tka ON aaa ae See Cae an oe ue, 22 Female flagellum distinctly thicker toward apex; median flagellomeres not or slightly constricted toward ends. Antennae with distal flagellomeres 1-3 black, contrasting to the rest, which are yellow-orange........eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeee 9 Female flagellum not distinctly thicker toward apex; median flagellomeres distinctly constricted toward ends. Antennae yellow or gradually becoming somewhat darker toward apex, but never with contrasting colors between discallatict proximal Hap ellOmieres = seusict. col ast essean.ad cae ebamenens teas peetserng token dat 13 Wings with infuscate patch covering submarginal and marginal cells and ex- tending distally slightly beyond vein RS (Fig. 27E).....P. ruvubuensis sp. n. ANAT aVexiva (GET eu on actin Reider arr is Minin irs Analy bie torts Anbret ng AN RTP erty eee 10 Metacoxae ventrally expanded to form a triangular lobular process... P. coxatus Metacoxae ventrally not expanded to form a triangular lobular process.....11 Antennae with apical 3 flagellomeres black (Fig. 25A). Antennal scrobes fine- ly punctate and without longitudinal carinae posteriorly...P. parinari sp. n. Antennae with either the apical or apical 2 flagellomeres dark-brown to black. Antennal scrobes heavily and densely punctate with longitudinal carinae posteri- iL vere valet aiauecess ee aaena Raa Mebta reas tiie vee anh uealar ren neanlaasa edema aaa acc caarecrenaaaee 12 Female flagellum with terminal two segments usually dark brown; T9 with- Outsdense-Ditish-of-setaen sccm senelecsstegs Westaeaiaoweaene ess P. fuscapiculus Female flagellum usually with only terminal segment darkened (occasionally blending into penultimate segment); female T9 with a distinct brush of setae present, engulfing ovipositor (Fig. 13F) ww. P. alexandriensis sp. n. Dorsal surface of head between toruli and posterior margin of lateral ocelli mostly smooth, shiny with lateral carina of antennal scrobe bound on both sides by smooth areas, and sub-confluent with genal carina (Figs 21E—F) ..... BA RC rr AW as i ee Aide RE Oe AT ASA ee P. matele sp. n. Dorsal surface of head between toruli and posterior margin of lateral ocelli sculptured or with diagonal carina, except for antennal scrobes, which may be smooth; lateral carina of antennal scrobe interrupted on vertex and not JOM eC EMA CARIIAY Naaccasusn lyse ctedeas Rbns sta satiate Mea abeuensinitentaatcewtedsestenus’ 14 Ocellar plate of head not defined by lateral carinae, and without a small, tri- angular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus...... eee eee P. trisetosus Ocellar plate of head well defined by lateral carinae, with a small, triangular GlaDTOUS;ATea> Enea AMECHIOI O CCUG Avremvicestes weds weabetuadsssneenturesdseaiounlvnes 15 15 16 17 18 1: 20 21 23 24 25 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Vertex with distinct longitudinal carimation...... eee es eeeeseeseeseceeeeeeaeeees 16 Vertex without distinct longitudinal carination........ eee eeseeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 20 Median frontal carina almost extending to clypeus. Ocellar plate either with a row of relatively uniform, large foveae along the lateral carinae delimiting the platesoridelirmited-avith two: parallelicarinae -.so.encs.. Soh eetah Ao be nuk iby Median frontal carina not or slightly extending in lower face. Ocellar plate delimited only, By, asimpleillateral caritiayt, 5,2: coe de Me A eerste 18 Ocellar plate with a row of relatively uniform, large foveae along the lateral Carinae Aelimmitiags the: Plate a nceccevcn cou aenaestuch ons se tuctes Pe coer says sae Tass P. carinatus Ocellar plate delimited only by two simple parallel lateral carinae (Fig. 15B) Lal: th Ned cash Se hic tale vet ae Une ise esb EAS -ostgtls BNE osacus One P. bayangensis sp. n. Lateral surface of pronotum longitudinally costate in lower part. Lateral pro- podeal carinae medially strongly curved. Nucha dorsally longitudinally cari- TRAC Ce dape sede aceissinch aut nhu caundsetacnmnnadet stschcabltlatis Gatsby Passeee sd iat P. kekenboschi Lateral surface of pronotum without longitudinal costa in lower part. Lat- eral propodeal carinae nearly parallel, if strongly curved then nucha dorsally PIA EAE sab ress at panna se Meni snstsalina ttheen beirnc ones tudeau peutsonhe shane oUNuous Meath sotusatias Rhee al 19 Lateral propodeal carinae medially strongly curved (Fig. 18F)....... eee aes ach Ra Saas Be isealtl yr ar conte san ia Pele P. dzangasangha sp. n. iatetal’ propodealicarinae earlysparallel Soe... eee eee P. zairensis Median frontal carina not distinctly extending in lower face. Head and mesosoma black. Rs and Rs+M veins of forewing distinct and brown in colot.....P jacksoni Median frontal carina distinctly extending to middle of lower face. Head and mesosoma brown to dark brown. Rs and Rs+M veins of forewing reduced Ang Spal steel Oi Mee ees eres cata pee oe ee NE 21 Antennal scrobes not distinctly depressed. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate. Head, pronotum, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum dark brown. Antenna yellow. Lateral occipital carinae well developed and crestlike. Median propo- Ceéaliarea lA rates. cuss suuetis orden aes ised eiansdas sebte andes P. cameroonensis Antennal scrobes distinctly depressed. Mesoscutum transversely costate with foveae set in between. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and mesoscutellum red- dish brown. Antenna black, except basal two segments yellow. Lateral occipital carinae not crestlike. Median propodeal area areolate-reticulate... P rwandensis Wings slightly and evenly tinted oo... eee eseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees P.immaculatus Wings with large brown to dark brown macula... ee eeeeseeseeeeeeeeees 23 WpperMesopl eure 1Ovedle PUCOSes bictyiuetsslnpientatnncenasencedetan ly P. minutus Up peraiieso plenrotir a rOtise., suctct il deecadeacteb asad Cian sue eav Riis Stilts 24 Vertex diagonally carinate entirely or heavily punctate medially and diago- Hallyseanuaatcr Pitchallbya te cement teemee ee mete cer aaa eae me te cteei eee 25 Vertex generally glabrate to glabrous with sparse punctures, and sometimes slictttbystitoose: lateral Wie. .uemccnseseswcates quveces taper se ateson eter on temen nes domtentesseted 26 Vertex entirely diagonally carinate. Forewing clear basally and distally with a broad medial smoky band across the marginal and submarginal cells (Fig. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 29 30A). Metasomal T7 of female almost covered by T6 (Fig. 30F) ............. SR aSasahcatss Sanne Sattar vel crop eedun ete eens inven at scatealeanugle cmnactelsvaueeh baat P. vannoorti _ Vertex heavily punctate medially and diagonally carinate laterally. Forewing clear in distal two-fifths and ferruginous basally. Metasomal T7 of female GistiMictly: CHO OSEG ID toh utes peer Mylotat puncte atu ian uate a aa P. scalptus 26 Lateral propodeal carinae straight and percurrent; medial propodeal area with one straight and percurrent longitudinal carina... P. diminutus — Lateral propodeal carinae discontinuous, medially interrupted by a large fovea; me- dial propodeal area with more than one non percurrent longitudinal carinae ....27 27 Forewing ferruginous only medially, and clear both proximately and distally. Metasomal T7 of female only slightly exposed, only 1:15 as long as T6 as nacasuined anediallyom!laperal Sides oe. canseoiss sees svonmesumeatesnoames P. angolensis — Forewing clear only distally, and ferruginous in basal two-thirds. Metasomal T7 distinctly visible, about 1:2.5as long as T6 as measured along middle of Were Pals Cles-e c.ay Morse lve cvnweclehewsiwe Adina ovBetptauetdse Rettcstnel tout ae P. antistatus Paramblynotus alexandriensis Buffington & van Noort sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:337604FD-A3CF-41B0-B520-5DF31141A24B http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_alexandriensis http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_alexandriensis.htm Figures 13 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: South Africa, [first label] Alexandria, Cape Prov- ince, 22.2.1962, ACC. PE 857; [second label] with Curculionid in log of Ptaeroxylon obliquum; [third label] (Hym. Cynipoidea, Mesocynipinae) Paramblynotus Cameron, 1908, sp., det. Michael Soderlund, 1994; [fourth label] red holotype label (SANC). PARATYPES. 3F: Same data as holotype. Deposited in SANC, SAMC, and USNM. Distribution. South Africa. Etymology. Named after the Alexandria Forest, which now forms part of the Greater Addo Elephant National Park. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. trisetosus clade within the P. trisetosus species-group of Liu et al. (2007). Female with 13 segmented antennae; male unknown. Ocellar plate present, mound-like; occiput concave in dorsal view. Mesoscutum deeply foveate, no- taulices complete (Fig. 13D); upper mesopleuron entirely smooth, glabrous (Fig. 13C). T6 largest, T8 slightly exposed (Fig. 13F). Wings clear, no banding present (Fig. 13A). Most similar to P. fuscapiculus, but distinguished by: the coloration of the female flagel- lum (terminal segment dark in P. alexandriensis (Fig. 13); terminal two segments dark in P. fuscapiculus); and setation of T9: in P. alexandriensis, a dense brush of setae is pre- sent (Fig. 13F); in P. fuscapiculus, T9 is glabrous or with only very short, appressed setae. Description. FEMALE. Length 2—2.5 mm. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; antennae and legs light yellow; terminal segment of antennae dark brown (Fig. 30 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) . f 4 } . se -— - : . " ‘ . i i hie h = > \\ wa ‘ “ie a . = m a hv “< gl s ‘ - x . ‘ . ‘ = " ~~ . . = _ a ‘Ss 7. = o r- oa " a - ae SS * *. 4 * Bema yh A ) ‘. = ie . a \ qv a", ly = \ ‘ € 7“ , ‘ . { ) oat “Ss A Lyi \ \ : es fs: = ae @ a z ‘“ < i = 3 * : - -. Ps n Ladi b, Figure 13. Paramblynotus alexandriensis sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head, anterior view F meta- soma, lateral view. 13A). Wings transparent (Fig. 13A). Entire head with the exception of the genae and occiput strongly pubescent (Fig. 13E). Eyes prominent, bulbous, but not laterally ex- tended much beyond outer margin of genae in anterior view (Fig. 13E). Antenna 13 segmented; F1 shorter than F2; flagellum not widening toward apex. Vertex fo- veate, distinct carinae absent; ocellar plate not raised; ocelli large, their diameter as great as distance between lateral and median ocellus (Fig. 13D). Face punctate-rugose, humped between toruli and clypeal margin, protruding in lateral view; antennal scrobe Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 31 mostly smooth with minute punctuation. Weakly keeled medial carina present be- tween toruli extending towards median ocellus (Fig. 13E). Occiput concave in dorsal view, smooth without a carina. Lower face with strong excavations (with weak vertical carinae) defining upper clypeal margin, and containing anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 13E). Clypeus gently strigate. Genae with distinct foveae along eye margin, punctate- rugose and densely pubescent between these foveae and genal carina (Fig. 13C). Mes- osoma strongly pubescent. Single submedian pronotal depression present. Anterior plate of pronotum puberulous. Pronotum dorsomedially with swollen rim without any crest. Lateral carinae of pronotum strong, fading dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate (Fig. 13C). Dorsal pronotal area smooth with minute punctures. Mesoscutum deeply foveate, setose; notaulices complete, extending to anterior margin of mesocutum; median mesoscutal impression absent (Fig. 13D). The two scutellar foveae each with three subcarina creating a transverse row of 8 longitudinally elongate subfoveae. Scutellum medially foveate, sparsely setose, peripherally areolate-punctate (Fig. 13D). Posterior mesoscutum and scutellum contiguously rounded in lateral view. Mesopleural triangle defined without ventral curved carina, strongly pubescent; up- per mesopleuron glabrous, smooth, anteriorly and ventrally pubescent with minute punctures; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous, smooth (Fig. 13C). Metanotal-propodeal complex strongly excavated, excavations bordered by strong carinae. Metepisternum dorsally excavated with pubescence, medially polished with indications of minor rugose remnants, ventrally pubescent. Dorsellum with two strong medial foveae; laterally strongly excavated with fine pubescence in lateral depressions. Lateral propodeal carina present; median longitudinal propodeal carina well-defined, crossed by wrinkled transverse and longitudinal carinae extending onto nucha. Rs+M of forewing defined, but nebulous where it arises from basal vein at posterior third (Fig. 13A). Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide. Abdominal petiole short, longitudinally striate, 0.5 times as long as wide in dorsal view (Fig. 13C). Posterior ventral margin of metasomal T7 gently sinuate (Fig. 13F). T8 well exposed, with a patch of scat- tered long setae posteriorly (Fig. 13F). Ventral portions of T2-T7 covered by sternum 3. Tergites dorsally finely punctate; laterally and ventrally polished. All legs sparsely punctuate, strongly pubescent, except metacoxae dorsally glabrous, smooth (Fig. 13F). Mesotibial outer spur shorter than inner spur; metatibial spurs subequal in length. Ra- tio of first metatarsomere to the remaining 4 metatarsomeres combined: 0.67. MALE. Unknown. Paramblynotus angolensis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus angolensis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 71-72. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Angola: Mocamedes. Distribution. Angola. 32 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Paramblynotus antistatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus antistatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 67-68. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Namibia, Windhoek. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo. Paramblynotus bayangensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:248C3CAF-3D2F-480 1-A037-173495 L[AA8ED http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_bayangensis http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_bayangensis.htm Figures 14, 15, 16, 17 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha- Mbaéré, Réserve Spéciale de Forét Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7km 326° NW Bay- angay.3°00°2. 7° N,alG: T55-E} 420m, 12.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S118, Lowland Rainforest, SAM-HYM-P039816 (SAMC). PARATYPES. 1F: Central Afri- can Republic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173° S Lidjombo, 2°21.60'N, 16°03.20'E, 350m, 22.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1- $240, Lowland rainforest, SAM-HYM-P039849 (SAMC). 1M: Central African Repub- lic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510m, 4.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S27, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, SAM-HYM-P029388 (SAMC); IF: Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510m, 6-7.v.2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, CARO1-M56, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, SAM-HYM- P024994 (USNM); 1F : Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc Na- tional de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510m, 6—7.v.2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, CARO1-M60, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, SAM-HYM-P024995 (BMNH); 1F : Central African Republic, Prefec- ture Sangha-Mbaéré, Réserve Spéciale de Forét Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7km 326° NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420m, 11—12.v.2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, CARO1-M93, Lowland Rainforest, SAM-HYM-P025016 (SAMC). Distribution. Central African Republic. Etymology. Named after the village Bayanga. Diagnosis. Belongs to the monophyletic P. trisetosus clade, with P. coxatus, P. fus- capiculus, rwandensis, P. trisetosus, P. zairensis, P. cameroonensis, P. kekenboschi, P. jackso- ni, and P. carinatus (Liu et al. 2007). Median frontal carina almost extending to clypeus (Figs 15A, 15C). Ocellar plate defined by lateral carinae (two parallel carinae) delimiting the plate (Fig. 15B). Vertex with longitudinal carination as the dominant sculpture. Par- amblynotus bayangensis is similar to P. carinatus, but the ocellar plate does not have a row Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 33 ae a a io aS mS 7 Figure 14. Paramblynotus bayangensis sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E mesopleuron F scutellum and propo- deum, posterior-dorsal view. of relatively uniform large foveae along lateral carinae and instead has two parallel cari- nae defining the lateral edge (Fig. 15B). It can be separated from P. kekenboschi and P. zairensis by the more extensive median frontal carina which is distinct on the lower face, extending beyond lower margin of eyes and reaching the epistomal sulcus (Fig. 15C). Description. FEMALE (Figs 14A—F, 15A—F): Length 2.2 mm. Head and mesoso- ma black, metasoma dark brown; coxae, femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish- brown (Fig. 14A). Wings clear (Fig. 15E). Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum thicker 34 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) HOLOTYPE ° Paramblynotus bayangensis van Noort & Buffington Central African Re public, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, a ie Réserve Spéciale de Forét e SAM HYM- Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, P0398 1 6 12.7km 326° NW Bayanga 3°00.27'N 16°11.55'E, 420 12.v.2001, S. van Noort, e IMAGED e Sweep, CARO1-S118. WaspWeb Lowland Rainforest Figure 15. Paramblynotus bayangensis sp. n., holotype female. A head, anterior view B vertex dorso- lateral view C head ventro-lateral view D propodeum and metasoma lateral view E wings F labels. apically, distal segment longest and widest with three interspersed rows of multiporous plate sensilla (MPS); median flagellomeres constricted proximally and apically; grad- ing from yellow distally to dark brown apically (Fig. 14C). Vertex with smooth area bordering carinae grading to areolet-rugose towards ocelli (Fig. 14D). Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of genae (Fig. 15A). Ocellar plate raised and defined by two parallel lateral weak carinae delimiting the plate, posteriorly foveate, medially smooth (Fig. 15B). Median frontal carina distinct (but need right lighting to see it) in lower face, reaching to epistomal sulcus and bifurcated posteriorly Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 35 and mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum and metasoma lateral view E head and mesosoma, dorsal view F head anterior view. to delimit a glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus (Figs 15A, 15C). Anten- nal scrobe glabrous, defined by carina laterally. Whole face coarsely areolet-rugose with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct, situated in shallow depressions. Clypeus diagonally carinate laterally, with an anterior medial smooth excavation, foveate-rugose posteriorly (Fig. 15C). Genae coarsely foveate-rugose (Fig. 14C). Genal carina extend- ing to behind dorso-posterior eye margin. Occiput glabrous. Anterior flange of pro- notum glabrate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and sparsely punctate anteriorly. 36 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Central African Republic, 3°02.01'N 16°24.57'E, 510 4.v.200: S. van Neort, Sweep, CARO1-S27, © Lowland Rainforest, marsh cleanne Figure 17. Paramblynotus bayangensis sp. n., paratype male. A wings B labels. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process (Fig. 14C). Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae (Figs 14C—D). Two scutellar foveae not subdivided by carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 14D). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence (Fig. 14E). Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median longitudinal impression present with unevenly distributed transverse carinae; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally (Fig. 14E). Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and glabrous above, with an elevated glabrous, smooth area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally (Fig. 14E). Propodeum overall areolate-reticulate; lateral propo- deal carina present and distinctly curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate to rugulose; median longitudinal carina present, a transverse carina present anteriorly, and two submedian longitudinal carinae present posterior to transverse carina (Fig. 14F). Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from bottom third of basal vein (Fig. 15E). Marginal cell 2.3 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R1 absent. Abdominal petiole 0.5x as long as high in lateral view 0.33x longer than wide in dorsal view, longitudi- nally carinate (Figs 14C—D). Relative length of T3—7: 14:7:8:28:8; T3—5 glabrous, smooth; T6 finely punctate with a medial row of long white setae; T'7 punctate with an anterior row of long white setae; [8 entirely covered by T7 (Fig. 15D). All coxae and femora smooth shiny with pubescence; pro- and meso- tibiae and tarsi finely punctuate with pubescence; meta-tibiae and meta-tarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence (Figs 14A, 14C, 15D). Four apical teeth on metatibia. Proximal metatarsal segment 0.30x length of distal 4 segments. MALE (Figs 16A—F; 17A—B): Length 1.8mm. Very similar to female, except for longer abdominal petiole, 1.54x as wide as long in dorsal view, as long as high in lateral view (Figs 16C—D). Tergite 5 laterally expanded and by far the largest tergite, latero- medially 1.5x longer than all other tergites combined (Fig. 16D). Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 37 Paramblynotus cameroonensis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus cameroonensis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 62-63. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Cameroon: Nkoemvon. Distribution. Cameroon. Paramblynotus carinatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus carinatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 65—66. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Zaire, PN.A., Nyasheke, Volley Nyamuragia. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo. Paramblynotus claripennis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus claripennis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 55-56. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Uganda, Mpanga. Distribution. Uganda. Paramblynotus coxatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus coxatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 58-59. Holotype female in Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa (CNCI). Type locality: South Africa: Kwazulu-Natal. Distribution. South Africa. Paramblynotus diminutus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus diminutus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 70-71. Holotype male in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Zimbabwe, Harare (Salisbury). Distribution. Zimbabwe. 38 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Paramblynotus dzangasangha van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0A5D4E5-0141-49B9-9D66-C0AD506A8A30 http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_dzangasangha http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_dzangasangha.htm Figures 18, 19, 20 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha- Mbaéré, Réserve Spéciale de Forét Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7km 326° NW Bayan- ga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420m, 13.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S162, Lowland Rainforest, SAM-HYM-P039806 (SAMC). PARATYPE. 1M: Central Afri- can Republic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Réserve Spéciale de Forét Dense de Dzanga- Sangha, 12.7km 326° NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420m, 13.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S148, Lowland Rainforest, SAM-HYM-P039807 (SAMC). Distribution. Central African Republic. Etymology. Named after the Dzanga-Sangha special forest reserve, which forms part of the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Belongs to P. trisetosus clade of Liu et al. (2007). Female with 13 segment- ed antennae (Fig. 18A), male with 14-segmented antennae (Fig. 19D), gradually darken- ing from base to tip; ocellar plate raised, bound by carinae anterolaterally; vertex with longitudinal carination; median frontal carina on face very weak and only defined between toruli (Fig. 18E) (extending to lower face or clypeus in the similar P. kekenboschi and P. zairensis); shares strongly curved lateral propodeal carinae (Fig. 18F) with P. kekenboschi, but the nucha is glabrous as in P. zairensis (dorsally longitudinally carinate in P. kekenbos- chi); P. zairensis has parallel lateral propodeal carinae. Upper mesopleuron and speculum glabrous; metepisternum with a median smooth glabrous area (Fig. 18C). T6 largest, T8 covered entirely by T7 (Fig. 19A). Wings ferruginous in marginal cells (Fig. 19B). Description. FEMALE (Figs 18A—F, 19A—C). Length 2.8 mm. Head and meso- soma black; antenna proximally yellow grading to black distally, legs yellow, and meta- soma dark brown (Fig. 18A). Forewing with marginal and submarginal cells ferruginous (Fig. 19B). Antennal F1 1.38x longer than F2 (Fig. 18C). Vertex foveate-reticulate and longitudinally carinate, with medial transverse smooth patch adjacent to occiput (Fig. 18D). Eye normal, extending laterally slightly beyond outer margin of genae in anterior view (Fig. 18E). Ocellar plate raised, defined antero-laterally by a carina. Ocelli large, diameter of median ocellus equal to distance between median and lateral ocellus. Face areolet-rugose with scattered white pubescence; antennal scrobe with fine cross stria- tions, glabrous posteriorly with pubescence anteriorly, outside lateral edge defined by a carina. Median frontal carina weakly present between toruli, not extending onto face (Fig. 18E). Anterior tentorial pits distinct situated in slight depressions. Clypeus anteri- orly excavated, margin strongly convex, weakly bilobed (Fig. 18E). Genae foveate-retic- ulate. Genal carina strong, extending to dorso-posterior eye margin. Occiput glabrous, smooth, shiny. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, smooth, shiny with two submedi- an pronotal depressions. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small sharp ridge (Fig. 18C). Lateral pronotal carina distinct, Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 39 y Rae | Bt ¥\ ty ‘\ V4 te : - 5 4 he . —S 4\ —— , se ne Ee] = ; ‘Onn. : aoe 2 . S =) _ Ss eG 7 Oe — Figure 18. Paramblynotus dzangasangha sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head, anterior view F scutellum and propodeum, posterior-dorsal view. continuous dorsomedially, but not reaching pronotal crest. Lateral surface of pronotum strongly glabrous-foveate (Fig. 18C). Mesoscutum glabrous-foveate (Figs 18C—D). The two scutellar foveae not divided (Fig. 18D). Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum glabrous- foveate; sloping gradually posteriorly (Fig. 18D). Mesopleural triangle ventrally defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron glabrous, smooth, shiny; median lon- gitudinal impression present with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous, smooth, shiny (Fig. 18C). Metanotal-propodeal complex areolate-punctate-rugose with metepisternum areolate-punctate in upper part, smooth medially and pubescent ven- 40 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaére, Réserve Spéciale de Foréte Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7km 326° NW Bayanga 3°00.27'N 16°11.55’E, 420m, 13.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S162, Lowland Rainforest Figure 19. Paramblynotus dzangasangha sp. n., holotype female. A propodeum and metasoma lateral view B wings C labels. Paratype, male. D lateral habitus E dorsal habitus F head and mesosoma, lateral view. trally (Fig. 18C). Lateral propodeal carina present, strongly curved medially; median longitudinal propodeal carina present and crossed by two transverse carinae (Fig. 18F). Posterior medial propodel area and nucha glabrous, smooth. Rs+M of forewing absent except for nebulous distal third (Fig. 19B). Marginal cell 1.8 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R1 present. Abdominal petiole 3.5x as wide as long in dorsal view, 2.5x higher than long in lateral view, longitudinally carinate (Figs 18F, 19A). T6 posterior ventral margin sinuate; posterior ventral margin of T7 evenly curved covering T8 (Fig. 19A). Relative length of T3—8: 20:13:15:40:16:0; T7 sparsely finely punctate; T3—6 smooth, Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 41 JOTYPE & PARATYPE ¢ HO! Q £ Paramblynotus matele Paramblynotus dzangasangha : , : Ms oort & Buffington van Noort & Buffington aee . Central African Republic, Central Apes Rarmitié, i Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéreé, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaére, : Réserve Spéciale de Foréte SAM-HYM- i brn 4 a- Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, P039807 oe & 173° Lidiombo 12.7km 326° NW Bayanga re 2°21.60'N 16°03.20€, 350 3800.27 1671.55, 420m IMAGED 22.v.2001, S. van Noort, .v.2001, S. van Noort, . ieee vee Sweep, CAROI-S148, WaspWeb ler nar hc iiig a Lowland Rainforest Lowland rainforest SAM-HYM- P039849 ° IMAGED WaspWeb SAMC 2012 Figure 20. Paramblynotus dzangasangha sp. n., paratype male. A head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, anterior view C propodeum and metasoma, lateral view D wings E labels. Paramblynotus matele sp. n., holotype female F labels. shiny; [6 & T7 medially with a row of long white setae (Fig. 19F). All legs smooth, shiny pubescent, yellow contrasting strongly with body (Figs 18A, 19A). Metatibia api- cally with four small teeth. First metatarsal segment 0.60x remaining four segments. MALE (Figs 19D-F, 20A—E). Length 2.7 mm. Very similar to female, except for longer abdominal petiole, 2.2x as wide as long in dorsal view, 1.8x higher than long in lateral view (Figs 19F, 20C). Tergite 5 laterally expanded and by far the largest (Fig. 20C). Distribution. South Africa. 42 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Paramblynotus fuscapiculus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus fuscapiculus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: Type in National Col- lection of Insects, Pretoria (SANC). Type locality: South Africa, Cape Province, Alexandria. Distribution. South Africa, Zimbabwe. Paramblynotus immaculatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus immaculatus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 66-67. Holotype fe- male in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Zaire, Pidigala. Distribution. Namibia Paramblynotus jacksoni Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus jacksoni Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 64-65. Holotype fe- male in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Cameroon: Nkoemvon. Distribution. Cameroon Paramblynotus kekenboschi Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus kekenboschi Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 63-64. Holotype fe- male in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), P.N.A. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo Paramblynotus maculipennis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus maculipennis Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 56-57. Holotype female in Institut de Recherche sur le Coton et les Textiles Exotiques, Paris (IRCT). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), Kivu (Goma Borob lac Kiou). Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya. Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 43 Paramblynotus matele van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BEFF5829-CC82-4A1 D-BBB9-1170E434DE4A http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_matele http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_matele.htm Rieures 21.22 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Central African Republic, Prefecture Sangha- Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173° S Lidjombo, 2°21.60'N, 16°03.20'E, 350m, 22.v.2001, S. van Noort, Sweep, CARO1-S240, Lowland rainfor- est, SAM-HYM-P039849 (SAMC). PARATYPES. 1F: Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Belge: P.N.A., Rwindi, 1000m, 20 au 24.xi.1934, G.F. de Witt: 773; Par- amblynotus trisetosus group, det Ronquist, 1994 (RMCA); 1F: Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Belge: P.N.G., Miss H. De Saeger, Dedegwa, 17-v-1952, H. De Saeger, 3481; Paramblynotus trisetosus group, det Ronquist, 1994 (RMCA). Distribution. Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Etymology. “Matele” is BaAka for tattoo. The BaAka pygmies, who live in the for- ests of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, use sap from the plant Rothmannia whitfieldii to ink tattoos onto their faces. The conspicuous lateral carinae of the antennal scrobes, which join with the genal carina forming an extensive carina running sub-parallel to the edge of the com- pound eyes, are reminiscent of these tattoo lines. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. trisetosus clade within the P. trisetosus species-group of Liu et al. (2007). Immediately distinquishable from other species within this clade by the smooth dorsal area of the head (Figs 21 E—F). The lateral carinae of the antennal scrobes are bound by smooth areas and each is subconfluent (almost meeting) with the genal carina on the vertex (Fig. 21F). In other species the rugose sculpture or diagonal subcarina of the vertex clearly interrupt the meeting of these two carinae. It shares the basket-like tuft of setae on the terminal end of T9 (ovipositor sheaths) with a number of other species within this clade (Figs 22C-—E). Description. FEMALE. Length 1.9 mm. Head and dorsal mesosoma blackish- brown; lateral mesosoma, metasoma, and coxae dark brown; femora lighter brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown (Fig. 21A). Wings clear (Fig. 22F). Antenna 13-segmented in paratype (broken in holotype), proximally yellowish-brown gradually darkening towards apex; flagellum slightly thicker apically, distal segment longest and widest with three interspersed rows of multiporous plate sensilla (MPS); median flagellomeres constricted proximally and apically. Vertex posteriorly weakly areolet-rugulose, with weakly defined longitudinal carinae; anteriorly polished (Figs 21E—F). Eye prominent, distinctly extend- ed laterally beyond outer margin of genae (Fig. 22B). Ocellar plate raised, with very weak lateral reticulate carinae; posteriorly weakly areolet-rugose, but largely polished (Figs 21E-F). Median frontal carina weakly defined between toruli extending to just below toruli. Antennal scrobe smooth, polished with isolated setae. Lateral carinae of the anten- nal scrobes bound by smooth areas (Fig. 21E) and subconfluent with genal carina on the 44 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Ss Figure 21. Paramblynotus matele sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head, dorsal view F head, dorsolateral view. vertex (Fig. 21F). Whole face and genae very weakly areolet-rugulose tending towards be- ing polished, with pubescence (Fig. 22B). Anterior tentorial pits inconspicuous, situated in shallow depressions. Clypeus smooth, with an anterior medial depression (Fig. 22B). Genal carina crested, extending to vertex, where it is subconfluent with the lateral carina of each antennal scrobe (Figs 21E-F). Occiput glabrous, smooth, shiny (Fig. 21D). An- terior plate of pronotum ventro-medially glabrous, polished, laterally and dorsally setose. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised into a process (Fig. 21C). Lateral pronotal carina distinct, fading dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum dorsally areolet-rugu- lose, tending towards being polished ventrally. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 45 Figure 22. Paramblynotus matele sp. n., holotype female. A mesosoma, dorsolateral view B head, ante- rior view C metasoma, lateral view D metasoma, dorsal view E metasomal terminal segments F forewing. and foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae; notauli not evident (Figs 21C—D, 22A). Two smooth, polished scutellar foveae not subdivided by carinae; mesoscutellum areolet-rugulose and sloped posteriorly (Fig. 21D). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence (Fig. 21C). Mesopleu- ron, including speculum, glabrous, polished; median longitudinal impression present with transverse carinae; lower mesopleural margin bordered with pubescence (Fig. 21C). Metepisternum areolet-rugose, glabrous anterodorsally, conspicuously pubescent ven- trally and posterodorsally; median shiny glabrous area present (Fig. 21C). Propodeum areolate-rugose; lateral propodeal carina weakly curved (Fig. 21D). Median propodeal 46 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) Figure 23. Paramblynotus nigricornis, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head anterior view F metasoma, lateral view. area posteriorly glabrate to rugulose anteriorly; single reticulate transverse carina present anteriorly. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein (Fig. 22F). Marginal cell 2.9 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R1 absent. Abdominal petiole 0.5x as long as high in lateral view, 2.2x wider than long in dorsal view, longitudinally cari- nate (Figs 22C—D). Relative length of T3—7: 11:8:9:29:9; T3—5 glabrous, smooth; T6 smooth with a medial row of long white setae; T7 punctate with a medial row of long white setae; [8 covered by T7; basket-like tuft of setae present on the terminal end of T9 (ovipositor sheaths) (Figs 22 C—E). All coxae smooth shiny with lines of pubescence dor- Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 47 sally and medially; femora smooth, shiny, strongly setose; pro- and meso- tibiae and tarsi finely punctuate with pubescence; meta-tibiae and meta-tarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence (Figs 21A, 21C, 22C). Four dorso-apical teeth on metatibia. Proximal metatarsal segment about two-fifths the length of distal 4 segments combined. Paramblynotus minutus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus minutus Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 72-73. Holotype female in Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Type locality: South Africa, Port St. Johns (Pondoland). Distribution. South Africa. Paramblynotus nigricornis Benoit Figures 23, 24 Paramblynotus nigricornis Benoit, 1956: 55. Holotype female in Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren (RMCA). Type locality: Rwankwi, N of Lake Kivu, Dem- ocratic Republic of Congo [=Zaire]. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo. Paramblynotus parinari Buffington & van Noort sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C38B3330-3F 1C-42A5-A7AF-53BD6FEC11DA http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_parinari http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_parinari.htm Figures 25 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Uganda, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 1587m, 0°33.408'N, 30°22.603’'E, 30vii-5Sviii.2005, S. van Noort, UGO5-M10, Malaise trap, degraded mid-altitude Rainforest, SAM-HYM-P025019 (SAMC). PARATYPES. 2F: one specimen same data as holotype (USNM); second specimen: Kenya, Western Prov., Kakamega Forest, Rondo, 0°14.13'N, 34°51.87'E, MT, 17-31.VII.2006, R. Copeland (NMKE). Distribution. Uganda, Kenya. Etymology. The rainforest at Kanyawara, the area around MUBFS (Makerere University Biological Field Station) where the holotype was collected, is classified by foresters as Parinari forest, distinguished on photo aspect maps by the large spreading crowns of Parinari excelsa Sabine, a valuable timber tree. Noun in apposition. 48 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) 7 eas a. ” ' | Mus. aa COLL. MUS. CONGO | N. Lac Kivu : Rwankwi -" 246 kul. (av | , : See | iv. vise il a: Banat XL 45 | Figure 24. Paramblynotus nigricornis, holotype female. A antenna, slide mount B forewing, slide mount C slide, forewing D labels. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. trisetosus clade within the P. trisetosus species-group of Liu et al. (2007). The female flagellum is distinctly thicker toward the apex with the dis- tal flagellomeres 1—3 black, contrasting with the preceding yellow-orange flagellomeres (Fig. 25A), a character state shared with P. coxatus, P. fuscapicalus and P. alexandriensis. However, P. parinari has finely punctate antennal scrobes without longitudinal carinae posteriorly, whereas these other three species have heavily and densely punctate anten- nal scrobes with longitudinal carinae posteriorly. A distinct, basket-like, dense tuft of setae is present on the terminal portion of T9 (ovipositor sheaths), a character state shared with a number of other species within the P. trisetosus clade (Fig. 25F). Description. FEMALE. Length 2—2.5 mm. Head, mesosoma black; metasoma, coxae and femora (in part) dark brown; antennae and rest of legs light yellow; terminal segment of antennae dark brown (Fig. 25A). Wings transparent (Fig. 25A). Entire head with the exception of the occiput strongly pubescent (Fig. 25E). Eyes prominent, bulbous, later- ally extended slightly beyond outer margin of genae in anterior view (Fig. 25E). Antenna 13 segmented; F1 shorter than F2; flagellum slightly widened toward apex (Figs 25A—B). Vertex foveate, carinae absent; ocellar plate distinctly raised, deeply foveate; ocelli large, their diameter as great as distance between lateral and median ocellus (Fig. 25D). Face punctate-rugose, keeled medially between toruli and clypeal margin; protruding in lat- eral view; antennal scrobe mostly smooth with minute punctuation (Fig. 25E). Occiput Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 49 -% ae > eel == “ere Figure 25. Paramblynotus parinari, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head anterior view F metasoma, lateral view. concave in dorsal view, smooth without a carina. Lower face deeply foveate, anterior tentorial pits set into shallow, foveate cavities (Fig. 25E). Clypeus entirely foveate. Ge- nae with distinct foveae along eye margin. Mesosoma strongly pubescent (Figs 25C—D). Single submedian pronotal depression absent; lateral foveae present, open. Anterior plate of pronotum puberulous. Pronotum dorsomedially with swollen rim, crest absent (Fig. 25C). Lateral carinae of pronotum strong, fading dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pro- notum foveate. Dorsal pronotal area smooth with minute punctures. Mesoscutum deeply foveate, setose; notaulices complete, extending to anterior margin of mesocutum; median 50 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) mesoscutal impression reduced to small notch on posterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 25D). The two scutellar foveae simple, smooth, with a few setae, separated by scutellar ridge; scutellum entirely foveate, evenly setose (Fig. 25D). Posterior mesoscutum and scutellum contiguously rounded in lateral view. Mesopleural triangle defined by ventral curved carina, strongly pubescent; upper mesopleuron glabrous, smooth, anteriorly and ventrally pubescent with distinct punctures; median longitudinal impression well devel- oped, with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous, smooth (Fig. 25C). Metanotal-propodeal complex strongly excavated, excavations bordered by strong carinae. Metepisternum dorsally excavated with pubescence, medially polished, ventrally pubescent. Dorsellum with two strong medial foveae; laterally strongly excavated with fine pubescence in lateral depressions. Lateral propodeal carina present, curved medially; median longitudinal propodeal carina well-defined, crossed by wrinkled transverse and longitudinal carinae extending onto nucha. Rs+M of forewing defined, but nebulous where it arises from basal vein at posterior third (Fig. 25B). Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide. Abdominal petiole short, longitudinally striate, 0.25 times as long as wide in dor- sal view (Fig. 25F). Posterior ventral margin of metasomal T6 gently sinuate. T7 with a linear patch of long setae anteriorly, completely covering T8, except for a small protrusion that has a distinct basket-like tuft of setae (Fig. 25F). Ventral portions of T2-T7 covered by sternum 3. Tergites dorsally finely punctate; laterally and ventrally polished. All legs sparsely punctuate, strongly pubescent, except metacoxae dorsally glabrous, smooth (Figs 25A, 25F). Mesotibial outer spur shorter than inner spur; metatibial spurs subequal in length. Ratio of first metatarsomere to the remaining 4 metatarsomeres combined: 0.60. MALE. Unknown. Paramblynotus prinslooi Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander Paramblynotus prinslooi Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007: 53-54. Type in National Collection of Insects, Pretoria (SANC). Type locality: De Wildt (South Africa). Distribution. South Africa. Paramblynotus ruvubuensis van Noort & Buffington sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8 174BAE0-BC7E-4828-8D74-C3B56978DA7F http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus_ruvubuensis http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Mayrellinae/Paramblynotus/ Paramblynotus_ruvubuensis.htm Figures 26, 27 Type material. HOLOTYPE. Female: Burundi, Ruvubu National Park, 1382m, 2.98144°S, 30.4553 1°E, Malaise trap, edge of forest, near Ruvubu river, 26 Nov—10 Dec 2009, R. Copeland SAM-HYM-P044100 (SAMC). Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae), with the first record... 51 Distribution. Burundi. Etymology. Named after the type locality along the Ruvubu River in the Ruvubu National Park. Diagnosis. Belongs to the P. trisetosus clade within the P. trisetosus species-group of Liu et al. (2007). Immediately distinquishable from other species within this clade by the presence of an infuscate patch, centered on the marginal and submarginal cells of the fore wing (Fig. 27E). It shares the basket-like tuft of setae on the terminal end of T9 (ovipositor sheaths) with a number of other species within this clade (Fig. 26F). Description. FEMALE. Length 3 mm. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma, coxae, femora dark brown; tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wings clear; weakly infuscate in marginal and submarginal cells extending towards apex slightly past vein RS (Fig. 27E). Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum thicker apically, distal segment longest and widest with three interspersed rows of multiporous plate sensilla (MPS); median flagel- lomeres constricted proximally and apically; light brown except for last two segments which are blackish-brown (Figs 26A—E). Vertex foveate (Fig. 27C). Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of genae (Fig. 27A). Ocellar plate raised and weakly defined by lateral reticulate carinae; posteriorly foveate, anteriorly areolate (Figs 27A—C). Median frontal carina extending from level of toruli to ap- proximately the level of the ventral eye margins (Fig. 27B). Antennal scrobe glabrous, medially smooth, with fine longitudinal carinae dorsally. Whole face coarsely areolet- rugose with pubescence (Fig. 27A). Anterior tentorial pits distinct, situated in shal- low depressions. Clypeus diagonally carinate laterally, with an anterior finely carinate medial excavation (Fig. 27A). Genae coarsely areolet-rugose. Genal carina extending to behind dorso-posterior eye margin. Occiput glabrous, smooth, shiny. Anterior plate of pronotum ventro-medially glabrous, polished, laterally and dorsally setose and sparsely punctate. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised into a process (Fig. 26C). Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost meeting pronotal crest dorsomedi- ally. Lateral surface of pronotum areolet-rugulose (Fig. 26C). Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae (Figs 26C-—E). Notauli evident posteriorly as smooth depressions with cross carinae (Figs 26D-—E). The two scutellar foveae not subdivided by carinae; mesoscutellum areolet-rugose and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 27D). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous, polished; median longitudinal impres- sion present with transverse carinae; lower mesopleural margin bordered with pubes- cence (Fig. 26C). Metepisternum areolet-rugose and glabrous dorsally, conspicuously pubescent ventrally (Fig. 26C). Propodeum areolate-rugose; lateral propodeal carina curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate to rugulose; median longitudinal ca- rina present, with transverse carina present anteriorly (Fig. 27D). Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising two-fifths up basal vein (Fig. 27E). Marginal cell 2.2 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R1 absent. Abdominal petiole 0.7x as long as high in lateral view, 1.7x longer than wide in dorsal view, longitudinally carinate (Figs 26C—F). Rela- tive length of T3-7: 14:9:9:18:10; T3—5 glabrous, smooth; T6 finely punctate with 52 S. van Noort & M.L. Buffington / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 1-64 (2013) rE) ik i yP"