The current methods of controlling a number of insect vectors a number of insect vectors in the tropics and sub-tropics are outlined, with particular emphasis on mosquitoes and flies. Alternative or additional useful techniques are proposed, some of which are now in use. The place of the pyrethroid group of insecticides in vector control is discussed in some detail. The general view is put forward that the pyrethroid group is only at the start of a rapid development. It is considered that vector control techniques will continue to be based mainly upon insecticides. Improvements will come from the availability of new compounds and improvement in the techniques of delivery and usage in relation to insect biology. Success of environmental control is related to increases in the standard of living.