Runneling, a type of habitat modification using shallow channels, is an effective method for controlling mosquitoes that breed in intertidal salt marshes. Grapsid crab populations were studied to assess the environmental effects of runneling on nontarget species. Pitfall traps provided a means of monitoring crab distribution and relative abundance at Coomera Island in southeastern Queensland. The study indicated that although runneling does not have a significant effect on the total number of crabs, it may have a significant impact on species distribution. Significantly greater numbers of Parasesarma erythrodactyla were found at the runneled site. In contrast, Helograpsus haswellianus was more abundant at the unrunneled control site. Associations were also found between species abundance, distance from the tidal inlet, and vegetation type. Helograpsus haswellianus was associated with mixed vegetation, whereas Parasesarma erythrodactyla was associated with tall, dense salt marsh couch. No correlation was found between the number of crab burrows present at the study site and the number of crabs caught in the traps. However, the runneled site had approximately twice the number of crab burrows of the unrunneled control site. These results were consistent for 3 consecutive monthly sampling periods. The method has proven suitable for further studies on the long-term environmental impact of runneling.