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Botanische Mittheilungen
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Indexed by Global Names
Book Title
Botanische Mittheilungen
By
Nägeli, Carl, 1817-1891
Publication Details
München, F. Staub, 1866
Year
1866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50384
Holding Institution
Cambridge University Library
Sponsor
JISC & NEH
Copyright & Usage
Rights:
Darwin Estate and Cambridge University Library

Copyright Status:
In copyright


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Example: Charles Darwin, Carl Linnaeus
Example: Birds, Classification, Mammals
Contributed by Cambridge University Library
Annotation Not Available
Page iii
⇑line 5 score in dark brown ink
Page 103
top-margin annotation p 110t01    All marked    [103.]
t01 - `p 110' horizontally crossed
Page 108
line 1 score
Page 110
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 10—1 score
⇑line 7 underline "H. Pilosella"
⇑line 7—bottom-margin annotation var. grows everywhere in all soils thrugout Europe — — But other vars also produced (it is a polymrphic genus)
Page 111
[continuation] 9 score
lines 16—17 double score
lines 21—24 score
lines 19—26 annotation also Differt vars in sam place
Page 113
lines 10—17 score
Page 114
top-margin annotation other examples as before
Page 115
lines 5—11 score
line 15 double score
lines 17—20 score in pale pencil
lines 17—25 annotation in pale pencil 2 Vars adapted to 2 stations rarely mixed in equal nmber ‹to› in both
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 3—3 score
Page 116
[continuation] 1—2 double score
lines 4—11 score
⇑lines 16—11 score
⇑lines 10—3 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 16—13 annotation cases of direct action
Page 118
lines 3—22 score
line 22 annotation X
lines 5—12 annotation On Haryness of Plants
⇑lines 10—2 score
⇑lines 21—2 annotation Various vars in same station, so not effect of gradation
Page 119
lines 16—19 score
Page 120
lines 1—6 score
line 10 underline "Farbstoffen"
line 11 underline "Zucker"
line 12 underline "ätherischen Oelen"
top-margin—line 6 annotation growth or size & chemical products direct effect of conditions—
     Light on colouring matter
Page 121
lines 1—10 score
top-margin annotation Alpine forms due only to want of food & not form true races
show subjects subjects
Page 122
line 15 score
15 score [`bookmark']
Page 123
lines 2—14 score
top-margin—line 14 annotation He argues frm these facts that height no influence but this no proof for others
⇑lines 3—1 score
bottom-margin annotation He overlooks effect of length of exposure & of inheritance —
Page 125
⇑lines 19—9 score
bottom-margin annotation Maintains that Alpine height does not cause Larger size of flower.
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 6—1 score
⇑lines 6—5 annotation Sumary
Page 126
lines 4—12 score
lines 3—13 annotation My objections of time & chance-spreding considered.
⇑line 1 score [`bookmark']
Page 127
lines 17—19 underline "Ueberhaupt ... Ausnahme"
top-margin—line 19 annotation Variation must depend on some chance relation betwen state of organism & outer conditions
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 3—1 score
Page 128
[continuation] 1—3 double score
lines 15—16 underline "Primula ... elatior"
top-margin—line 20 annotation These close species which inhabit distinct «districts» ‹stations›, shows how little we know abut adaptation of even vars — So some close species, live mingled together. Are we sure that th 2 Oaks are not specially adapted for special circumstances — 2 [?]Anagallis
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 12—11 underline "Achillea ... geschieden"
⇑lines 6—5 underline "gemeint ... andere"
⇑lines 2—1 underline "Denn ... ebenso auf"
Page 129
[continuation] 1—3 underline "wenn ... aus"
top-margin annotation When alone, each will grow on wrong formation; but not in company for then I suppose competition, this looks like adaptation.—
⇑lines 10—9 score
⇑lines 16—10 →
lines 4—17 annotation says all true local vars. wd behave thus. ☞
Page 130
lines 5—6 underline "durch ... sind"
top-margin—line 11 annotation All foregoing reasons do not apply to vars. arising from inner causes; but something must set inner causes into action.
⇑lines 6—1 score
⇑lines 6—1 annotation Opposed vars. arise under cultivation
Page 131
lines 1—2 score
lines 1—2 underline "äussern ... können"
top-margin annotation one plant might absorb different elements frm another.
line 18 score [`bookmark']
Page 133
in dark pencil
lines 1—7 score cancelled
Page 134
top-margin—line 24 annotation He seems to admit there is som relation between variation & extreme conditionst01
     He [corrected from `&'] remarks that greter size independently «of» good soil ‹nevr› «never» could become hereditary & constant
t01 - `He seems ... conditions' horizontally crossed
show subjects subjects
bottom-margin annotation Effect of grafting — & cultivation & wide range & bud-variation all show that extreme conditions have close relation
Page 135
lines 3—20 score
top-margin—line 20 annotation He admits that differnc of soil &c may in course of genertions affect chemical & molecular constituent & then lead to changes of form — this is th same thng —
⇑lines 12—1 annotation as individuals differ. so will results differ. in fluctuating varibilty
Page 136
top-margin annotation a chill is direct cause of various illnesses —
top-margin—line 11 annotation but here denies all before apparently admitted
⇑lines 18—1 annotation Denies that a plant can in sam bed with others absorb different nutriment ‹in›
Page 138
lines 15—18 score
⇑lines 5—1 score
⇑line 10—bottom-margin annotation permanence in culture in garden no test of specific distinction
Page 141
lines 4—9 score
lines 8—9 double score
line 5 underline "Alpenrose"
lines 3—7 annotation Rhododendron ferrugineum (a)
lines 6—7 underline "Eiszeit ... kalkreiche"
line 8 underline "trockenen Jura"
line 8 underline "oberitalienische"
line 9 underline "700 bis 1300'"
top-margin annotation Yet if this sp. was cultivated like R. Ponticum it wd no doubt vary, thog perhps not so much.—
⇑lines 15—7 annotation similar facts
Page 143
lines 1—12 score
line 13 score
top-margin—line 10 annotation objects to Hooker on acclimatisation.— (He is a general objector.)
line 13 score [`bookmark']
⇑lines 11—1 score
⇑lines 4—15 annotation He tried experimnts, but failed with uncertain results
Page 144
lines 3—6 score
lines 11—12 annotation explains fact
show subjects subjects
Page 149
lines 1—6 score
top-margin annotation difficulty of knowig direct action of conditions on accont of Selection.—
Page 150
lines 1—5 score
top-margin annotation Asks Have plants which ‹are extremly› have long lived under differnt conditions different constitution , though externally alike ? He doubts
Page 151
lines 1—2 annotation Conclusions on Direct action
lines 7—9 underline " indem ... Art"
lines 5—6 annotation natural Distribution
lines 11—12 underline "der ... Racen"
lines 19—20 underline "innere ... bedingt"
lines 19—20 annotation But what excites them; something must, as with illnesses.—
⇑lines 10—1 annotation / His Causes work thrgh chemical constitutn of Plants & cause direct & indirect effects
Page 152
⇑lines 5—1 score
bottom-margin annotation He assumes direct effects never become heredetary.—
show subjects subjects
Page 155
in dark pencil
⇑lines 18—1 score
top-margin—⇑6 annotation He allows that changed conditions give impulse to variation; th differences in the results must depend on differences in th individuals; but these differences must have had some cause .
Page 156
line 10 score [`bookmark']
Page 158
top-margin—line 23 annotation I think here he attributes th mixed vars in sam locality to selection, or adaptation
bottom-margin annotation Finally I do not see that he throws much light on ‹whole› subject.—    Evrythng remains as odd as before — some good facts on Distribution of Varieties.—
Page 164
top-margin—line 21 annotation On Alps, when no detritus — chemical nature of rocks has influence on distribution.—
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 13—5 score
⇑lines 17—4 annotation representative species on different soils
Page 170
⇑line 22 score
⇑lines 19—3 annotation Closely allied plants excluding each other. — my view .
Page 172
lines 6—26 annotation Struggle for existence explains well, but not new.—
Page 174
⇑line 1 score [`bookmark']
Page 175
lines 7—13 score
top-margin annotation Both the Achillaeas will live on wrong soil — if only one form is present, so no struggle.—
lines 16—18 underline "ausserordentlicher ... wieder"
Page 176
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 15—12 score
⇑lines 7—5 score
⇑lines 6—3 underline "nur ... feuchtern"
⇑lines 25—6 annotation → These sp. exclude each other acording to dampness.—
Page 177
[continuation] 9—13 score
line 11 annotation do
Page 179
lines 3—7 score
top-margin annotation Thinks many plants do not grow in certain places, because seeds have never been brought there.
show subjects subjects
⇑line 8 score [`bookmark']
Page 180
lines 9—11 score
⇑lines 10—9 underline "Auf ... Arten"
⇑line 7 underline "Rh. intermedium"
Page 181
line 11 underline "Kerner"
lines 11—13 annotation doubts his obsrvatns
⇑line 5 underline "Gültigkeit"
⇑line 5 annotation ‹le› authenticity
Page 182
⇑lines 15—13 underline "Wo ... ausschliessen"
⇑line 5 score [`bookmark']
Page 187
⇑line 12 annotation I have not read
show subjects concepts
Page 294
in dark pencil
lines 10—12 annotation some close plants distinct
lines 15—18 score
line 16 underline "Mittelformen"
line 16 annotation some thus
line 17 underline "Verbindungsgliedern"
lines 20—21 score
⇑lines 7—4 annotation says very important ??
Page 300
lines 12—14 score
Page 305
line 14 score [`bookmark']
Page 310
⇑lines 10—2 score
bottom-margin annotation argues well against «those» intermdiate form, which are constantly or frequently found, near th forms which thy connect, beng Hybrds
Page 312
top-margin annotation A complete graduated row of intermdiate forms may be hybrids, but such cases are rare — Th exactly intermediate wd be rarer than th steps on either side.
line 12 underline "Verfechter"
line 12 annotation defender
Page 313
⇑lines 10—5 double score
⇑lines 10—6 double score
⇑lines 7—6 underline "zwischen ... officinalis"
⇑lines 10—4 annotation Intermdiate forms exist both hybrids & really intermdiate & constant & fertile.—
Page 314
lines 1—20 annotation He evidently doubts (with reason) any inconstant intermdiat form beng Hybrids.—
Page 318
line 12 score [`bookmark']
Page 319
lines 5—10 score
line 7 annotation (a)
top-margin annotation (a) If species which are connected by intermdiat forms are blended int single specis the result monstrous.—
lines 13—18 annotation must be enumerated as intermediate forms—
Page 320
lines 21—23 score in pale pencil
lines 7—22 annotation → these are good instances of a species constant in one place & variable in another from crossing with intermdiate forms.
Page 324
line 10 score [`bookmark']
⇑lines 18—16 score
⇑lines 6—2 score
⇑lines 19—4 annotation → Middle forms «not Hybrids» generally inhabit nearly same districts as the forms they connect—
     || but less in number.
bottom-margin annotation I presume he attributes th intermedate forms to variation
show subjects subjects
Page 326
line 12 underline "G. intermedium"
line 12 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
line 18 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
⇑lines 5—4 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
Page 327
lines 2—3 underline "beiden ... Uebergänge"
lines 3—5 annotation Hybrid? or middle form?
⇑lines 2—1 annotation Hybrid
Page 328
line 5 annotation Hybrid?
line 11 annotation Hybrid
⇑lines 14—13 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
⇑lines 10—9 annotation Rare Hybrid
⇑line 3 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
Page 329
lines 18—20 annotation gradations from crossing
⇑lines 5—4 underline "Der ... Stammarten"
Page 330
line 5 annotation Hybrid
⇑lines 12—11 underline "da ... vor"
⇑line 5 underline "C. ... arvense"
⇑line 3 underline "zahlreiche ... Vorkommen"
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑lines 3—1 annotation not Hybrid yet intermdiat
Page 331
lines 2—26 annotation it seems impossible to decide whethr a hybrid, which in places has become constant, or has arisen frm variation of one of th 2 species which it connects.—
Page 332
line 6 →
lines 8—9 underline "Sie ... acaule"
line 15 →
top-margin—line 8 annotation another doubtful case
Page 333
line 4 annotation Hybrid
Page 335
line 5 underline "Rh. intermedium"
lines 7—8 underline "Dieses ... Ursprungs"
line 13 annotation Hybrid
line 17 underline "Zwischenformen"
line 18 underline "wiederholt ... Floristen"
line 18 annotation not Hybrid
lines 21—24 underline "fast ... der"
⇑lines 4—3 underline "also ... sind"
Page 336
lines 13—14 annotation Hybrid
⇑lines 11—10 annotation Hybrid
⇑lines 3—1 score in pale pencil
⇑line 2—bottom-margin annotation True intermediate form
Page 337
lines 17—18 annotation Hybrid
show subjects concepts
⇑lines 12—9 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 12—9 annotation in pale pencil Hybrid
Page 338
lines 15—16 annotation Hybrid
[continues overleaf] ⇑11 underline "Sie ... Uebergangsreihen"
⇑lines 10—4 annotation → Not Hybrids
Page 339
[continuation] 3—4 annotation not Hybrids
Page 341
top-margin apparently unintentional mark
Page 342
lines 5—10 score
lines 6—8 underline "welche ... auftreten"
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 7—2 score
⇑lines 6—4 underline "die ... lassen"
Page 343
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑line 1 underline "entspringen ... Ursachen"
Page 344
lines 4—6 score
line 3 underline "verzichten"
line 3 annotation delay
lines 5—6 underline "Varietäten ... constant"
Page 345
line 10 underline "Hieracium"
lines 10—14 annotation most variable & grduating of all endemic genera—
show subjects subjects
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 4—3 underline "die ... sind"
⇑line 1 underline "nur drei Species"
Page 346
[continuation] 4—6 score
lines 4—6 annotation betwen th 3 no intermdiate forms
⇑lines 11—3 annotation looks at th species as in process of formation the intermediate forms not yet extinct
show subjects subjects
Page 347
lines 5—8 annotation also Hybrids formed.
Page 349
lines 1—3 score
line 4 underline "Die ... vielen"
line 5 underline "die ... finden"
lines 7—8 underline "Ich ... von"
line 10 underline "Tausendfache übertroffen"
top-margin annotation The Hauptformen are «much» commoner & ‹wider range› than the intermediates
show subjects subjects
lines 11—17 score
lines 11—17 annotation Intermdiate do not extend beyond range of Haupt-forms
line 19 score [`bookmark']
⇑lines 15—7 score
⇑lines 12—8 annotation range in height rathr more than Haupt-f
⇑lines 5—2 score
⇑lines 5—1 score
show subjects subjects
Page 350
lines 14—17 score
lines 14—19 annotation no intermdiate forms between exclusively alpine & exclusively plain species
Page 351
line 2 score [`bookmark']
lines 12—13 score
lines 10—15 annotation What he has said before on Hybridism applies to ‹this› Hieracium
show subjects subjects
Page 355
⇑line 15 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 12—8 score
⇑lines 12—9 annotation are Hybrids in some places
show subjects subjects
Page 357
lines 8—12 score
lines 9—11 underline "auriculaeformae ... angesehen"
Page 359
line 1 score [`bookmark']
Page 361
line 10 score [`bookmark']
Page 362
line 17 underline "albidum ... humile"
line 18 underline "Welche ... Zwischenformen"
lines 16—19 score
lines 16—19 annotation th only 2 forms previously charctrizd
Page 366
lines 2—12 score
lines 2—12 annotation Evidence from treatmnt by authors how intermdiate some of these forms are
Page 367
lines 1—3 score
top-margin—line 7 annotation The Haupt-forms must first be settled & then the intermdiat forms — (so it wd be if we possessed all lineal descendants)
show subjects subjects
Page 393
⇑lines 9—7 score
⇑line 9 underline "die ... Varietäten"
⇑lines 17—6 annotation → I thnk ∵ as much vars. of one form as of other.
Page 394
lines 12—16 score
lines 12—14 underline "Die ... ähnlich"
⇑lines 12—7 score
⇑lines 12—7 annotation Constancy most important element.
Page 396
line 10 score [`bookmark']
Page 397
line 1 underline "verschiedenartigsten"
top-margin annotation We must judge of constancy only from many individuals from many «different» stations.—
Page 399
line 28 score [`bookmark']
Page 401
line 19 score [`bookmark']
Page 402
lines 11—15 score
lines 9—15 annotation closely allied species exterminate each other
Page 404
⇑lines 4—1 score
⇑line 4—bottom-margin annotation but no gret differnc effect of good soil—
Page 406
lines 5—15 score
lines 6—7 annotation grades of species
⇑lines 20—10 score
⇑lines 17—9 annotation He does not believe Kerner
Page 407
lines 15—22 score
lines 14—20 annotation natural sections of genus going with power of Hybridisng
Page 410
top-margin—line 13 annotation Does not believe the intermdiate forms are commonly Hybrids.
Page 411
lines 17—24 score
top-margin—line 11 annotation ⧟ Between 2 forms either a few intermediates or a whole series of steps, & in the latter case th species more allied
whole-margin annotation N.B May not mny of Nagelis constant intermdiate forms be Hybrids, which ‹partkae of character of either› are constant like Gärtners ‹in› hybrid Dianthus ? I suppose not.—
⇑line 9 score
⇑lines 8—1 score
⇑line 8 underline "grenzlose Verwandtschaft"
bottom-margin annotation In these the Haupt-form, (independently of th intermediate forms) is varialbe, wheras in former case, when growng solitary the Haupt-form are constant
Page 412
lines 13—15 score
lines 21—25 score
line 22 annotation examples
Page 413
whole-margin annotation We have protean or chaotic species «nowhere ‹nowhr› constant» — species «constant in places but» connected by few or more intermediate, & true species not thus connected.— it looks like a process of exterminating th intermediate links. —
top-margin annotation —} We have, also, variability in th First individual plant., Constant as in Vine-tendrils — or ocasional i.e. sports, or bud-variations
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 7—4 score
bottom-margin annotation His grades of affinity graduate into each other.—
Page 414
lines 9—12 score
lines 5—12 annotation Hybrids & intermediates absent in certain localities X
line 10 annotation X
top-margin annotation ⧟ This shows that conditions have certain effects.
lines 12—16 score
line 14 annotation examples
lines 15—20 score
line 17 annotation X
top-margin annotation ⧟ The chaotic forms in places have fixed characters
⇑line 12 score [`bookmark']
⇑lines 6—1 annotation mingled vars.
     adjoining & representative vars
     Distinctly-inhabiting vars
Page 415
lines 5—6 underline "hängt ... dasein"
lines 3—6 annotation This refers to true species
lines 12—14 underline "entweder ... sind"
lines 15—22 annotation , so much 2 plants mingled, generally so much more synodically distinct
line 19 at "aus" annotation & therefore can live together
⇑lines 13—11 score cancelled
⇑line 4 score [`bookmark']
bottom-margin annotation ‹Close› Species of same genus tend to exclude each other . —
Page 416
lines 6—8 underline "oft ... die"
lines 4—7 annotation representative forms.
⇑lines 14—11 score
⇑lines 13—12 underline "H. Pilosella Hoppeanum" /⇑lines 12—11 underline "H. Pilosella vulgare"
⇑lines 14—11 annotation more forms adapted to different stations
⇑lines 8—6 score
bottom-margin annotation ⧟ These forms somtim found mingled, somtim as prosoic or representative
Page 418
line 1 score
top-margin—line 16 annotation Constancy alone will not decide what forms to call species; for many finest varieties are constant & Jordans species wd all have to be admitted. Comes to what I said amount of difference deserving a name.
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 15—13 underline "müssten ... trennen"
⇑lines 7—1 underline "Denn ... lösen"
Page 419
[continuation] 1—2 score
⇑lines 18—14 underline "So ... Zeiträume"
⇑lines 18—1 annotation a species depends on degree of relationships (or difference from) other forms. —
Page 420
⇑line 11 score [`bookmark']
Page 421
line 11 score [`bookmark']
⇑lines 13—8 score
⇑lines 13—6 annotation all the forms which are connected by intergradation cannot be united as a single species. —
⇑lines 2—1 underline "doch ... sind"
bottom-margin annotation ⧟ “generally sharply defined” must be admitted as part of definition of species !!
show subjects subjects
Page 422
lines 11—29 annotation Rules cannot be applied to forms inhabiting distinct areas.
Page 423
⇑line 2 underline "Zwischenarten"
bottom-margin annotation ⧟ Ought to be so designated, so new term
Page 426
in dark pencil
⇑line 4 score [`bookmark']
Page 427
lines 3—4 underline "Die ... über"
line 6 underline "bleiben ... Hauptformen"
top-margin—line 6 annotation Thinks the variables & intermediate forms extinguished by competition.
⇑lines 13—11 score
⇑lines 13—12 underline "Gattung ... Entwickelungsprocesses"
⇑lines 10—6 annotation The glacier is a stream, thog one does not see th streaming
⇑lines 3—2 annotation ⧟ examples