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Book Title
Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten
By
Müller, Hermann.
Publication Details
Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1873
Year
1873
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50246
Holding Institution
Cambridge University Library
Sponsor
JISC & NEH
Copyright & Usage
Rights:
Darwin Estate and Cambridge University Library

Copyright Status:
In copyright


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Page 
`original soft front cover'
line 2 underline "Befruchtung"
line 10 underline "H"
line 10 underline "Müller"
Page 3
lines 14—18 score
Page 4
lines 11—15 score
lines 11—15 [    ]
lines 13—15 underline "ohne ... müsse"
lines 5—23 annotation [damaged: cut] [illegible phrase] have been blamed — but is
lines 18—21 score
lines 18—21 annotation in pale pencil ?
lines 22—25 score
line 23 underline "Sprengel ... Erkenntnis"
⇑line 8 score [`bookmark']
Page 7
line 17 score [`bookmark']
Page 13
line 6 score
line 6 underline "cleistogami"
Page 15
⇑lines 6—3 score
Page 17
lines 27—38 unmarked
lines 7—38 annotation It seems that Axell has shown that many flowers can be self-fertilised
Page 18
in blue crayon
lines 22—25 score
line 24 underline "Windblüthen"
Page 19
in blue crayon
line 26 annotation Why not give your own paper
show subjects concepts
Page 22
in blue crayon
⇑line 12 score [`bookmark']
Page 27
⇑line 15 underline "1868"
⇑line 12 score
⇑line 8 score
⇑line 7 score
⇑line 7 score
show subjects concepts
Page 35
in blue crayon
line 11 underline "zu fressen"
line 11 annotation Diptera
⇑lines 6—3 score
Page 37
⇑lines 17—10 score
⇑line 13 underline "Rhingia ... Rüssellänge"
⇑lines 16—13 annotation Flies not stupid
from End Note annotation not in Darwin's handin brown ink p. [?]37 [?]Orchids
     p 75 all have description    Galaxias
Page 39
lines 9—10 underline "die ... befähigt"
Page 46
lines 14—22 score
show subjects subjects
Page 47
⇑lines 23—16 score
⇑lines 20—14 score
Page 49
lines 15—23 score
Page 58
line 4 underline "Laburnum"
top-margin annotation p. 235 [corr. from 234]
show subjects concepts
line 4 at "Erythraea" annotation p 333 Erythr.
show subjects concepts
line 4 at "Carum" annotation 100
show subjects subjects
show subjects concepts
Page 61
in blue crayon
⇑lines 12—10 score ⇑8 underline "sich ... blühten"
Page 75
⇑line 21 score
⇑lines 24—21 annotation Hildebrand on late polln
⇑line 20 score
show subjects concepts
⇑line 16 score
⇑lines 16—12 score in blue crayon
⇑lines 18—16 annotation in blue crayon self-fer[damaged: cut] orch[damaged: cut]
from End Note annotation not in Darwin's handin brown ink p. [?]37 [?]Orchids
     p 75 all have description    Galaxias
⇑lines 6—2 score
⇑lines 6—3 annotation Self-Sterile
⇑line 2 at "113" annotation P[illegible]
show subjects concepts
Page 76
⇑lines 17—15 annotation 5 spec
Page 81
lines 21—22 score
Page 83
lines 24—29 score
⇑line 11 underline "B. hortorum"
⇑line 11 underline "Blüthen ... mascula"
⇑line 11 annotation 2
⇑line 6 underline "Bombus lapidarius"
⇑line 6 annotation 3, 4
Page 84
line 2 underline "97"
line 4 underline "32"
⇑lines 18—3 score
⇑lines 15—9 annotation [damaged: cut]hows time right
Page 85
lines 17—20 score
lines 20—24 annotation 1 [?]Apis 6 Bombus 2 oth be[damaged: cut]
Page 87
lines 27—31 score
⇑lines 10—7 score in blue crayon
Page 88
lines 13—21 score
Page 90
lines 1—5 score
lines 20—22 score in blue crayon
Page 92
in blue crayon
⇑lines 12—9 score
Page 97
line 20 score
line 20 underline "proterandrische Dichogamie"
top-margin annotation Ensrng cross-fertiln
Page 99
⇑lines 24—19 score
Page 101
in pale pencil
⇑lines 3—1 score
Page 113
lines 31—33 score
Page 115
⇑lines 12—9 score
⇑lines 10—9 underline "Diese ... ihrer"
Page 122
lines 8—12 score
lines 23—26 score
lines 23—26 annotation fertistn X
⇑line 8 underline "Bombus hortorum"
⇑line 7 underline "Ritterspornart angepasst"
⇑lines 8—6 annotation X
Page 127
lines 15—27 score
lines 30—31 underline "und ... Blüthenstaub"
show subjects subjects
Page 131
in pale pencil
⇑lines 11—7 score
Page 132
lines 18—19 underline "nur die ... Male"
Page 133
lines 1—4 score
lines 4—7 score
Page 143
lines 10—13 score in dark pencil
lines 23—26 double score in dark pencil
line 28 underline "Prosopisarten"
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑lines 3—1 annotation no Bee[damaged: cut]
Page 145
line 3 underline in blue crayon "Sprengel"
lines 3—4 underline in blue crayon "Hildebrand"
lines 20—27 score
line 23 underline in blue crayon "Bombus lapidarius"
line 26 underline in blue crayon "Andrena albicans"
line 31 underline in blue crayon "dieselbe ... bewirken"
line 32 underline in blue crayon "kleine"
line 32 underline in blue crayon "Syritta pipiens"
line 34 underline in blue crayon "Selbstbestäubung ... tricolor"
lines 32—24 score
Page 146
lines 21—30 score
Page 147
lines 13—23 score in blue crayon
⇑lines 4—2 score
Page 149
in blue crayon
⇑lines 13—11 score
Page 151
in blue crayon
lines 10—13 score
lines 10—11 underline "werden ... aufgelockt"
Page 153
in blue crayon
⇑lines 8—1 score
⇑line 3 underline "von ... Hymenopteren"
Page 154
⇑lines 19—17 score
Page 165
⇑lines 13—10 score
Page 167
⇑line 14 underline "fünf Honigtröpfchen"
⇑line 4 underline "gleichzeitig entwickelt"
⇑line 3 underline "doch ... statt"
Page 168
⇑lines 18—16 double score
⇑lines 13—10 double score
⇑line 9 double score in reddish-orange crayon
⇑line 9 score
⇑line 9 underline "Sichselbstbestäubung ... 70"
⇑lines 7—4 double score
Page 169
lines 19—21 score
lines 23—25 score
Page 173
⇑lines 24—4 score
⇑lines 16—15 annotation in pale pencil X
⇑lines 13—12 annotation X
Page 174
lines 9—10 score
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 11—8 double score in reddish-orange crayon
⇑lines 11—10 underline in reddish-orange crayon "zu ... hindurch"
⇑lines 3—1 double score in reddish-orange crayon
⇑lines 3—1 underline in reddish-orange crayon "obgleich ... ist"
bottom-margin annotation in blue crayon Severl othr specis non-dimrphc
show subjects subjects
Page 175
in reddish-orange crayon
line 8 score
line 8 underline "Insektenbesuch beschränkten"
show subjects subjects
⇑line 19 underline "41"
figure 56 score in pencil
figure 56 annotation in pencil How like Dimorph (must be origin of
Page 176
in reddish-orange crayon
lines 3—4 underline "proterandrischer Dichogamie"
Page 185
in pale pencil
lines 5—6 underline "Sichselbstbestäubung ... dadurch"
Page 188
lines 20—22 score
Page 193
lines 6—7 annotation X
line 6 underline "langer"
table score
table col 5 mark resembling ✔
⇑lines 27—24 score
⇑lines 27—24 annotation X X
⇑line 20 annotation X
⇑lines 29—16 annotation XX & differnt ‹shape› form & size .
⇑lines 26—13 annotation Think whn cultivted plnts as we shall see variable
Page 195
lines 1—2 annotation X
Page 224
lines 3—6 double score
⇑lines 7—6 score
Page 232
in blue crayon
⇑lines 6—2 score
⇑line 4 underline "monadelphisch"
Page 235
lines 15—17 score
Page 240
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 10—7 score
⇑line 10 underline "honiglos"
⇑lines 3—1 score in pale pencil
⇑line 1 underline "Honigbiene"
Page 241
[continuation] t annotation excellnt observations compare mine
line 9 underline "welche ... oben"
lines 15—17 score
lines 16—17 underline "aller ... zwängen"
⇑line 19 underline "die ... Rücken"
⇑line 18 underline "der plattenförmige"
⇑lines 14—8 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 12—10 annotation in pale pencil ?
Page 242
⇑lines 26—22 unmarked
⇑lines 29—22 annotation I cannt but think thy gain som advntage
⇑lines 17—14 score
⇑line 13 underline cancelledin pale pencil "einen ... Fahne"
⇑lines 8—4 double score
bottom-margin annotation cancelledin pale pencil a juicy swelling near centre of Standard
⇑lines 13—3 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 20—5 annotation in pale pencil Saft-maal & no Honey yet he thnks may decev [ie `deceive'] Bees
Page 243
line 8 underline "luteus"
Page 249
line 19 underline in pale pencil "Honig ... Insekt"
lines 15—26 annotation in pale pencil Beautiful adaptation
⇑lines 20—13 unmarked
⇑lines 22—17 annotation must be strong
     Difficult flowers for endemic insect
⇑lines 14—11 double score in pale pencil
⇑lines 16—9 annotation Thinks nati[damaged: cut] insects wd be stronger so fertilise better
⇑lines 2—1 score in pale pencil
⇑line 2 underline "Viertelstunde"
bottom-margin annotation very few Bees visit them
Page 250
lines 3—9 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 4—1 double score
Page 253
⇑lines 9—4 score
Page 258
lines 2—7 score
line 4 underline "coccinus"
lines 17—23 score
line 23 underline in dark brown ink "vulgaris"
line 23 annotation in dark brown ink wrong
lines 8—37 annotation he[damaged: cut] conclude must be crossed — this the one Phaseol whc flowr at th sam time distnct species
⇑lines 4—1 score
Page 264
lines 3—6 score
lines 6—16 score
line 8 underline "Schmetterlingen besucht"
lines 14—17 score
Page 265
line 9 underline "einen Theil"
⇑lines 22—18 score
show subjects subjects
Page 267
⇑lines 21—16 score
⇑line 19 underline "ausgeprägte ... Blüthen"
Page 275
line 22 apparently unintentional mark
Page 277
lines 9—10 score
line 10 underline "Blumenkrone .. Sichselbstbestäubung"
line 12 underline in reddish-orange crayon "nigrum"
⇑line 20 underline in reddish-orange crayon "Blüthen ... Honigtröpfchen"
⇑lines 18—17 underline in reddish-orange crayon "orange ... und"
⇑line 16 underline in reddish-orange crayon "violetten ... dar"
⇑lines 14—13 underline in reddish-orange crayon "überwiegend ... möglich"
⇑lines 4—1 score
⇑line 3 underline "Saftmale"
Page 278
in reddish-orange crayon
lines 12—14 annotation various insects
⇑line 20 underline "Thapsus"
Page 279
⇑lines 11—10 double score in reddish-orange crayon
⇑lines 9—5 score in reddish-orange crayon
⇑lines 9—5 score
Page 282
⇑lines 18—13 score
⇑line 17 underline "Wespen"
Page 284
lines 1—2 double score
figure 100 annotation It is a dichogam)
     Fert Oglet01 & Sprngel)
t01 - `It is ... Ogle' in pale pencil
⇑lines 12—5 double score in pale pencil
⇑lines 18—5 annotation in pale pencil Think self-fertilistn assured
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑line 2 underline "Bot. Z. 1865"
bottom-margin annotation [?]X [?]frtln
Page 285
lines 6—9 score
lines 6—9 annotation So [illegible word] inscts contrib[damaged: cut]
Page 287
lines 10—12 score
⇑lines 4—1 score
show subjects subjects
Page 289
lines 20—37 score
lines 20—37 score in pale pencil
line 28 annotation (a)
top-margin annotation The more conspicus a flower is th more likely to be fertilisd by foreign pollen & to be sterile if not visite[damaged: cut]
Page 292
⇑lines 9—4 score
Page 295
lines 8—11 double score
⇑lines 6—4 → in pale pencil
Page 296
lines 22—29 score
Page 303
⇑lines 5—3 double score
Page 306
⇑lines 26—20 score
⇑lines 17—16 double score
⇑line 17 underline "Bezug ... Ogle"
Page 311
lines 21—26 score
Page 318
figure 116 annotation Polygamo-dioicous
lines 18—25 score
lines 23—24 underline "weiblicher ... seltener"
Page 319
lines 20—22 score
line 21 underline "Die kleinblumigen"
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 18—15 score in pale pencil
⇑line 1 underline in pale pencil "Völlig ... organische"
bottom-margin annotation in pale pencil ‹greter› «greater» fertility is real cause
Page 325
lines 20—22 score
lines 28—29 score
Page 326
lines 10—21 score
Page 328
lines 5—9 score
line 7 underline "proterandrischer"
line 8 underline "kleinblumiger ... Stöcke"
lines 6—7 annotation [damaged: cut] forms
line 14 underline "Sichselbstbestäubung ... ist"
show subjects subjects
Page 334
lines 1—3 score
line 2 underline "13"
line 2 annotation p 113 /t01
t01 - `113 /' in dark pencil
show subjects concepts
Page 341
in blue crayon
line 20 underline "Bot ... 67"
line 20 annotation many cases given
Page 342
⇑lines 17—13 score
⇑lines 28—13 annotation cancelled Gradation Wind & insects
bottom-margin annotation Begns by say tht D. dscrbe 3 frm whc [?]make [?]a [?]passag f[damaged: cut] anem, to entomoph plnts . It make [illegible word] [damaged: cut]
Page 343
lines 4—6 score
line 2 underline "sammelnde ... Pollen"
lines 2—3 annotation on poll[damaged: cut] frm
⇑line 7 underline "ausgeprägten proterogynischen"
Page 345
lines 1—3 score in dark pencil
lines 5—9 annotation 2 Gradations betwn anemph & entomoph
Page 346
⇑lines 11—4 score
⇑line 10 underline "homomorphische ... proterandrische"
⇑line 9 underline "stricta"
⇑line 8 underline "Ricca ... longiflora"
⇑lines 10—9 annotation non-dimorphic
Page 347
lines 21—25 score
line 23 underline "Kelche ... die"
line 21 annotation 4 Honey
⇑lines 14—10 multiple score
⇑line 15 annotation vy [?]curius
Page 348
lines 5—11 score
lines 7—8 annotation 2 forms
Page 349
in blue crayon
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 22—21 underline "eintretendem ... Sichselbstbestäubung"
⇑lines 12—9 score
⇑lines 12—11 underline "Narbe ... Staubgefässe"
⇑line 10 underline "honiglosen"
Page 350
[continuation] 7—8 score in blue crayon
line 7 underline in blue crayon "Den ... der"
figure 130 annotation —between two & three as long
     → /
⇑line 17 underline "0,011 ... mm"
⇑line 14 underline "0,018 ... mm"
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 4—1 multiple score
⇑lines 5—1 score
Page 351
[continuation] 1—3 double score
6—table score
lines 6—8 annotation chief[damaged: cut] Dipte[damaged: cut]
line 10 underline "103"
table cols 7—9 crossing-out "1323 ... 0,141"
table rows "C" crossing-out "langgrifflig ... 0,3"
table col 6 score "9 ... 0,3"
table col 6 score "5,2 ... 7,5"
Page 352
lines 6—9 score
lines 9—12 double score
lines 13—21 score
lines 13—21 [    ]
lines 9—19 annotation Origin of dimorph
Page 359
⇑lines 15—5 double score
Page 368
figure 142 score
figure 142 annotation Protandrus
Page 369
line 7 underline in dark pencil "Blüthen ... gleichzeitig"
lines 21—23 underline in dark pencil "verkümmerte ... aufblühten"
lines 23—26 annotation in dark pencil Flowers of ♀ not smother[damaged: cut]
lines 25—27 score in dark pencil
lines 27—31 double score in dark pencil
line 29 underline in dark pencil "in ... wären"
lines 27—36 double score
from End Note annotation in brown ink p. 369.    Scabiosa case like Thymus — ♀ flowers smaller.
⇑line 10 underline "Laufe ... einander"
⇑lines 3—1 score
show subjects subjects
Page 372
⇑lines 18—17 double score in dark pencil
Page 378
line 5 underline in blue crayon "Hildebrand"
line 7 underline in blue crayon "Delpino"
lines 9—12 score
lines 12—25 ⧟
line 22 score in blue crayon
lines 24—25 score in blue crayon
Page 412
⇑lines 15—9 score
⇑lines 29—8 annotation Remarks that flwer little attractiv to insct might easily pass into anemophilous
     Quote my remark
⇑line 9 at "Jacobaea" annotation rays
⇑line 9 at "vulgaris" annotation no rays
⇑lines 5—1 score
bottom-margin annotation Conspcus flowr vy important for frequency of variety of Insects
Page 426
lines 9—10 annotation It is certain tht a vy conspicus & often visited flower can be well adapted for Self-fertln
⇑lines 20—19 underline "Unter ... ist"
⇑line 18-17 score
⇑lines 15—13 underline "so ... ist"
⇑line 12 underline "gesicherte ... Sichselbst"
⇑lines 11—10 underline "deren ... ist"
top-margin—⇑6 annotation [illegible word] [damaged: cut] add this «[damaged: cut]» proved in a way which I never expected to see proved— Hence when self-fert imprtant flower has not been renderd conspicus    no because cross wd still do good
     (I shd think in thes cases crssng can do no good. All my trials were made on «rather» large flowers
⇑line 16—bottom-margin annotation add perhaps if I had tried vry small flowers [illegible word][damaged: cut] wd hav been [?]proved ‹no› mor generations had been tried → [continues on page 427] Mem. I have often suspected tht self-fert is in [illegible word][damaged: cut] respects most advantageous—
show subjects subjects
Page 427
top-margin annotation N.B If a flower is not attractive to insects, I beleve it must be a self-fertiliser otherwise all extrmnted; but a flower may be attracti[damaged: cut] a\& yet self-ferti[damaged: cut] itself
⇑lines 22—10 score in blue crayon
⇑lines 21—20 underline in blue crayon "solchen ... können"
⇑line 16 underline in blue crayon "Honigbiene ... Pseuacorus"
⇑lines 14—12 underline in blue crayon "Bombus ... gelangen"
⇑lines 16—9 score
⇑lines 7—5 double score in dark pencil
⇑lines 9—4 annotation in dark pencil Instin[damaged: cut] of insects
Page 429
lines 8—18 score in pale pencil
lines 12—14 annotation in pale pencil (a)
top-margin annotation (a)t01 seem to think, that nat. selection has failed to make some flowers conspicus enogh—
t01 - `(a)' in pale pencil
show subjects subjects
lines 23—32 annotation Smell of plants attracts
     evidence only indirec[damaged: cut]
Page 430
top-margin annotation pollen of anemophilous plant first devoured
lines 4—5 underline "denn ... Phanerogamen"
lines 5—7 underline "dass ... haben"
lines 3—6 annotation must quote
⇑line 1 score
show subjects subjects
lines 18—24 score
lines 17—18 underline "Orchideae ... absondern"
lines 15—21 annotation [damaged: cut]ectar [damaged: cut]oney first exserted
from End Note annotation not in Darwin's handin brown ink 430 [wrongly copied as `433'] «for» Orchids
lines 28—34 score
lines 28—32 annotation [damaged: cut]oney truly attractive
⇑lines 14—9 score
⇑lines 14—11 annotation for Orchids
from End Note annotation not in Darwin's handin brown ink 430 [wrongly copied as `433'] «for» Orchids
Page 431
⇑lines 23—3 annotation Advantage of visits by insects being confined to certain kinds
show subjects subjects
Page 432
lines 13—20 score
lines 9—25 annotation N Selection
     Beetles attracted by beautiful colours, & avoid dirty yellow & whitish flowers.
     Som not seem to believe in othr cases
Page 434
lines 20—24 double score
lines 4—24 annotation vry little attrativ to insects — Verlot on Solanum
Page 435
lines 12—18 score
line 15 underline "besonders ... Linien"
⇑lines 5—3 score in dark pencil
show subjects subjects
Page 442
⇑lines 17—14 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 16—15 underline "pollenkörner ... und"
⇑lines 20—14 annotation [illegible]lionaceae
Page 443
lines 16—22 score
lines 17—19 annotation (a)
top-margin annotation a . Contrivances which prevnt self-fert; only advantageous, when inscts sevrally visit th flower & then hugely advntageous
lines 22—23 underline in black ink "eintretendem ... behalten"
lines 22—23 annotation which so [?]adapts
lines 29—31 double score
lines 24—30 →
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 9—6 score
⇑lines 8—7 annotation B
line 11—bottom-margin annotation B yet it wd not injure th less conspicus flwer if thy were more visited — It seems that thy have not [damaged: cut][illegible phrase] attractive unless [illegible]dered. there is some good in self-fertilsation
Page 444
[continues overleaf] t—18 annotation in pale pencil I think I ought to allude to this — & say I did not see change till reading [illegible phrase] [?]cleary [?]take [?]note H. Mullers excellent work
from End Note annotation not in Darwin's handin brown ink [ 444 / Mullers Laws of Variation ]
lines 11—13 underline medium6d "Fremdbestäubung ... gänzliches"
lines 19—20 underline medium6d "Sicherung ... Insektenbesuches"
line 22 score in pale pencil `[bookmark']
line 25 underline in dark pencil "noch ... ausgebildetem"
lines 27—29 score
lines 28—29 underline in pale pencil "Geschlechter ... gewinnen"
line 32 score `[bookmark']
⇑lines 6—1 score
Page 445
[continuation] t—bottom-margin annotation I can introduce this by saying [?]sexual [?]organs vry diffrnt & frquncy of cross-fertilisation vry diffrnt
     It is vry unfortunate tht I do not knw how far th 2 Classes [illegible word] & refer H Mullers excelent work had been publishes earlier I cd hav [?]continued
⇑lines 17—14 underline in pale pencil "denen ... haben"
⇑lines 19—14 double score
⇑lines 19—14 score in blue crayon
⇑lines 22—20 annotation in blue crayon important
line 17 annotation quote
show subjects subjects
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 13—7 score in dark pencil
⇑lines 12—8 annotation in dark pencil I differ slightly
Page 446
other marks by Darwin F
[continuation] 4—11 score in dark pencil
top-margin—line 7 annotation in dark pencil many self-fertilisers vy common.
lines 4—12 score
lines 13—16 score
line 14 underline in dark pencil "B. Ophrys"
line 14 annotation in dark pencil XX
line 30 score [`bookmark']
Page 447
other marks by Darwin F
line 23 score [`bookmark']
⇑line 9 underline "Thalictrum"
⇑line 9 annotation windflwr
show subjects subjects
Page 448
whole-margin annotation in blue crayon Most important of all facts
     Where insects do not visit or choose to visit all sorts of contrivances are developed for self-fert & [?]consitent [illegible word] of their structure; (but also for sprdng of pollen)
     But in these flower an experiment exposed [illegible words] pollen «liable to be injured» (in contrast with cleistogams) are no doubt occasionally crossed — That a plant cd become adapted for by lng continued self-fert we may conclude frm h[illegible] & var of [?]Misselto
     Th vy facility with which structrs are gained for self-fert shows that whole flower wd be closed & little pollen produced unless this contained some [damaged: cut][illegible words] [?]advantage, & advantage has been often and in vy mny distinct flwr
show subjects subjects
Page 449
lines 4—10 double score
lines 3—7 annotation Law of N. Selection
top-margin annotation Qualities go on [?]incresing of any one [?]intermediate with tendny to vary in one direction be prevnted frm crossing — Nat selection