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  • Pages
  • Table of Contents
Scientific Names on this Page

Indexed by Global Names
Book Title
Manual of mineralogy
By
Publication Details
Edinburgh, Archibald Constable & Co, 1821
Year
1821
DOI
Holding Institution
Cambridge University Library
Sponsor
JISC & NEH
Copyright & Usage
Rights:
Darwin Estate and Cambridge University Library

Copyright Status:
In copyright


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Example: Charles Darwin, Carl Linnaeus
Example: Birds, Classification, Mammals
Contributed by Cambridge University Library
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line 10 annotation is ths emitted from the Trap Rocks near Edinburgh
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line 18 annotation Is found in the oldest primitive rocks


lines 22—27 annotation Owes its deliquesences to the Lime & Magnesia
     Blue & Red colours are owing to the Iron


line 17 annotation Rock salt has never been found in Scotland
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line 7 annotation Sub Sulphate of Alumina


line 10 crossing-out "2" annotation 3
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lines 12—15 annotation γυποσ
     Mentioned by Pliny
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lines 1—2 annotation The purest kind
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line 10 underline "six-sided prism"
line 12 at "3" annotation
lines 13—15 annotation [drawing]
line 14u "flexible ... elastic"
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line 4 at "period" annotation
line 9 annotation ∗ Mentioned by Pliny
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line 3 underline in pale pencil "porcelain"
lines 7—8 annotation Easily distinguished from Marble by yielding to the Nail

bottom-margin annotation Easily mistaken for Satin Spar, but can be distinguished by its softness
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line 14 underline "Hardness ... 3.5"
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lines 10—11 annotation melts like Ice Before the Blowpipe
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line 36 underline "rare"
line 36 annotation very
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top-margin annotation All Alum is not prepared from this Mineral
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line 7 annotation Always associated with Volcanic Rocks
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line 6 at "Fluor" annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Fluor — called so from being used as a flux
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line 5 underline "Tessular"
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line 1 underline in pale pencil "Cleavage octahedral"
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lines 19—20 [    ]
lines 19—26 annotation False Topaz (& according to their respective colour are called false gems.)
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line 10 at "sky-blue" annotation ∗ Chlorophane
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line 1 annotation Phosphate of Alumina
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line 16 underline "six-sided prism"
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bottom-margin annotation Phosphate of Lime was formerly thought to belong solely to the Animal Kingdom; & after that, it was «thought to be» an animal formation
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line 7 at "or" annotation
line 4 underline "Prismatic"
bottom-margin annotation ∗ First discovered in Arragon
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lines 6—18 annotation [drawings of crystals]
bottom-margin annotation Fragments of Arragonite will scratch Calcareous Spar.
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line 3 underline "Carbonate of Strontian"

lines 12—6 annotation [drawing]t01 115°. 5' [drawing]
t01 - `[drawing]' erased
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line 2 annotation Iceland Spar


lines 20—21 annotation Never contains organic remains


top-margin annotation A block of Statuary Marble values 200 £

line 15 underline "marbles"
lines 4—11 annotation white marble equal to the Sarian is found in small pieces in Sutherland


line 5 annotation
bottom-margin annotation The Break-Water at Plymouth is composed of this rock; & therefore is much attacked by the Pholas.—
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top-margin annotation Sometimes this limestone contains fragments of shells such as the Nautilus &c, & gives rise to a very beautiful appearance.— it is called Fire-Marble

line 20 annotation Is supposed by some to be of volcanic origin

line 21 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ It is disputed whether this mineral is caused by fusion; or by fragments of a broken strata ejected by the Crater


line 18 annotation [drawing][drawing]
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Is only found in very small quantities in Scotland; but is found in great plenty in England
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lines 19—21 annotation Formation of distinct concretions
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line 5 annotation occurs only in Secondary rocks


line 4 underline "flint"
lines 1—4 annotation The Flint only occurs in «th» upper deposits
line 9 annotation The newest of the Secondary Rocks

line 11 underline "not ... Scotland"

line 20 underline "Agaric"
lines 19—21 annotation Extends from Flamborough Head down to Sidmouth    so-called because it is found emitting through rocks
     ∗
     ∗ So called from Agaric


lines 3—4 underline "Edinburgh"
lines 3—4 annotation in Salisbury Craigs

lines 11—12 annotation does not yield to the Nail.—
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line 31 annotation Is continually forming


lines 7—9 annotation generally diverging

line 6 annotation


line 13 annotation ∗ Nearly all Rome is built of a compact Variety of this Mineral
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[continues overleaf] lines 8—2 annotation [drawing] Formation of the Concretions


line 6 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Easily know by its pearly lustre
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lines 11—8 annotation ∗    So Called from Lucullus. a Romn Consul, who prized these sorts of Marble
bottom-margin annotation ∗ If the variegated specimens be immersed in weak Muriatic Acid The limestone is dissolved, but the animal matter remains.—

line 33 underline "fetid"
bottom-margin annotation Owing to Sulphurs Hydrogen
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line 22 annotation Owes its colours to bituminous matter
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line 26 annotation Often globular
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lines 19—27 annotation [drawing]
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bottom-margin annotation ]: It is Carb. of Lime with Alumina & Silica, met «with» in the Coal Series
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lines 17—23 annotation also accompanied with Copper Pyrites is called Copper Slate
     Owes its dark colour & bad smell to animal matter


top-margin annotation Extends for a very great distance in Europe & varies extremely in thickness
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line 5 annotation Magnesian limestone
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lines 13—14 annotation Called so from Dolumieu a celebrated French Geologist

lines 13—9 annotation Is harder & heavier than limestone
line 5 annotation sometimes it is slightly flexible
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lines 4—3 underline "effervesces ... acids"
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line 7 underline "primitive"

lines 16—17 annotation
     Only occurs in Secondary Rocks

bottom-margin annotation ∗ The Cathedral Walls of the City of York are built with this mineral


line 11 underline "flexible"


line 16 underline "asparagus-green"


lines 16—17 underline "flesh ... red"


line 8 underline "chlorite-slate"


lines 12—11 underline "becomes magnetic"


lines 14—15 annotation The Damascus [?]Street is supposed from this mineral
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line 7 underline "rose-red"


lines 1—3 double score

lines 9—4 annotation from Dr Withering
     [drawing]


line 14 at "Durham" annotation 2
line 9 annotation 2— also in Shropshire
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lines 20—21 annotation Something similar to Porcelain Earth. easily distinguished by its great Sp. Grav.    is called Cawks.
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line 11 annotation Is of most common occurrence
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bottom-margin annotation Calcareous. Fluor. Heavy. Spar. often occur together
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lines 14—18 annotation Celestine looks like some varieties of Quartz ,but of course much «softer»
     called so because the first kind that was descovred was of a blue colour
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bottom-margin annotation ( The term Sparry is nearly synonymous to Foliated )


line 4 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Occurs most abundantly in the upper parts of the vein
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lines 2—1 underline "becomes ... globule"


lines 4—3 underline "moss ... crusts"


lines 3—4 annotation has lately been met with in Brazil
     ∗
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top-margin annotation ∗ Have not I a specimen of this in my Cabinet?

bottom-margin annotation (Nearly all these Lead Spars are daily forming: thus Spades &c have been found coated with Carb: of Lead)
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line 17 annotation Carb: of Copper
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line 12 underline "fibrous"
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line 4 annotation to shine
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line 14 annotation Arceniate of Copper
line 20 underline "emerald-green"
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bottom-margin annotation ∗ By a late Analysis appears to be Phosphate of Uranium
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line 7 annotation ∗    Phosphate of Uranium
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lines 5—9 crossing-out "Oxide ... 2.0"


lines 4—7 annotation [drawing]


line 17 annotation Phospate of Iron    X    Vivianite
bottom-margin annotation X [drawing]
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line 1 underline "even splendent"
line 2 underline "Writes ... soils"

bottom-margin annotation Occurs in isolated irregular pieces in different strata.—


line 5 annotation Talc is derived from a Saxon word meaning Tallow
line 12 underline "flexible"
line 13 underline "= ... 1.5"
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line 18 annotation χλωροσ
line 25 underline "dark ... green"
line 26 underline "dark ... green"
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lines 9—14 annotation Nearly always contains Magnetic Iron Ore
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lines 4—9 annotation often accompanies & is intermixed with Shock-crystal
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line 10 at "colour" annotation dark Copperish


line 14 annotation in Calton Hill. Arthur Seat, Pentland Hills
     when heated changes into a red which is used as a pigment

line 14 underline "greenish-white"
line 14 annotation pearly
line 5 underline "flexible ... elastic"
line 4u "very greasy"
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top-margin annotation Crayons are prepared from produced Talc mixed with the various colouring matters
line 17 annotation The Chines ornament their walls with ground Talc
bottom-margin annotation (Rouge is made by extracting the colouring matter from Saffron by Carb. of Potash praecipitated by Acetic Ac. ‹then› sediment is well mixed up with powdered Talc.)


lines 2—3 annotation made into Culinary Vessels
lines 12—13 annotation Used for coating Furnaces in Norway
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line 10 underline "elastic"
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lines 14—15 annotation Case 2nd. of th Museum begins here
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line 3 underline "Elastic"
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lines 18—21 annotation occurs sometimes associated with Volcanic Rocks
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line 5 annotation ∗    from its scaly structure
line 3 underline "peach ... red"
bottom-margin annotation very beautiful
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line 5 annotation rather unfrequent
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line 9 annotation X Foliated Structure
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line 7 annotation lustre inclining to Metallic
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line 3 underline "colour green"

line 9 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ looks like Bronze
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line 15 underline "serpentine"

line 6 at "shining" annotation Copper colour
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line 12 underline "Island of Skye"
line 16 annotation occurs as a constituent of Greenstone
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line 16 underline "prismatic"
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line 11 underline "iron"
line 11 annotation colouring matter
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lines 2—1 double score
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lines 20—24 annotation Called so from a Dutch officer who first discovered it in the Cape of Good Hope

line 6 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X generally botryoidal & internally diverging


line 17 underline "secondary ... rocks"

lines 8—7 annotation rests upon Calcareous Spar in drusy Cavities
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line 6 underline "Boracic Acid"


line 5 underline "gr. ... 2.5"
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line 6 underline "Trapezoidal"
line 12 underline "and grey"
lines 6—10 annotation named white Garnet generally assuming the form of Garnets
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line 2 underline "secondary ... lavas"
line 2 annotation
lines 4—6 annotation ∗ The lava generally contains a good deal of Soda. whereas the leucite contains only Potash
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line 22 underline "Soda"


lines 4—2 annotation The crystals are generally twin placed Cross-wise
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line 12 underline "scopiform ... stellular"
line 16 underline "pearly"
lines 12—15 annotation [drawing]


line 12 underline "natron"
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bottom-margin annotation Zeolites (Supposed to be formed by infiltration)
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line 4 annotation Wavellite. Appendix II P333.
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line 9 underline "Fels"
line 9 annotation Signifies a Rock


line 23 underline "Oblique ... prism"
line 13 annotation from the mountain Adula
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line 6 annotation appears to have suffered heat

line 13 annotation One of the most abundant minerals in the crust of the earth
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bottom-margin annotation in pale pencil 08 [×] 65 [=] 520    18 [×] 65 [=] 1170
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line 9 underline "potash"

lines 12—11 annotation contains Soda not like the other Felspars, Potash
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bottom-margin annotation Potash was first detected in the Mineral Kingdom in th Lepidolite
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lines 1—2 double score
line 16 annotation || this perhaps ought to be a distinct species
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line 3 at "Hills" annotation Salisbury Craigs

line 4 at "felspar" annotation ∗    the white variety
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line 16 underline "slaty"
line 9 underline "natron"


line 1 underline "Bass rock"
lines 2—5 annotation Braid Hills
     Pentland Hills
     There must be some 100000x tons of Soda in this rock

line 11 annotation is met with in the centre of solid granite & deep in mines.—
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line 9 annotation For the process of making Porcelain see Jameson's System.
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line 3 annotation from shining
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lines 8—9 annotation The green colour in the secondary rocks of Edinburgh is caused by augite
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line 15 underline "green"/ lines 3—2 annotation colours owing    {
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lines 11—12 annotation from Coccus a grain
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line 11 underline "Hornblende"
lines 11—7 annotation blended in other rocks
     Refers to its toughness
     contains much less Magnesia than Augite


line 17 underline "Oxide of Iron"
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line 6 underline "Basaltic"
lines 6—7 annotation from occurring in Basalt
line 8 underline "velvet ... black"
line 20 annotation Arthurs Seat

line 10 underline "Asbestous"
line 8 underline "green"


lines 2—3 annotation from a mountain in [?]Semlya land
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line 13 underline "white"
line 8 underline "pearly"
lines 13—10 annotation [drawing]


lines 15—14 annotation is composed of very minute crystals of White Hornblende
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line 4 annotation mountain [?]leather
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line 12 annotation Hornblende
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line 7 underline "Rigid"


line 5 underline "green"
line 7 annotation from Pistachio — green


line 8 underline "large ... distinct"


line 17 underline "smalt-blue"


line 4 annotation Lapis Lazuli. App:II P.317. —
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line 10 annotation from Andalusia in Spain
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lines 6—7 annotation might perhaps used as a substitute for Emery
     from Saussure.
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lines 18—21 annotation Case 3.rd of the Museum, begins here. —
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line 9 annotation ∗    Spinel Ruby
top-margin annotation ∗ Spinel occurs by far most beautifully near Equator
bottom-margin annotation ∗ The most beautiful specimens was in possession of [?]Josephine

line 12 annotation [drawing]
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line 14 underline "Chromic Acid"
line 14 annotation Colouring matter
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line 6 at "Asia—" annotation The most beautiful specimens
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bottom-margin annotation (many gems are composed of Alumina)
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line 10 underline "Hardness= 9.0"

line 5 annotation is highly crystallized Alumina
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line 9 underline "Alumina"
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line 13 underline "Oriental Ruby"

lines 7—6 annotation must be distinguished from the Spinel
     is an uncrystallized Sapphire
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line 3 annotation Chiefly composed of Alumina
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lines 10—12 annotation may be supposed to connect Emery & Sapphire
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line 12 underline "Silica"


line 2 underline "adamantine ... transparent"
line 3 underline "semitransparent"
line 6 underline "pure carbon"
top-margin annotation I think it not impossible that some time Diamond will be found to be a vegetable secretion


line 15 at "Flouric acid" annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Said by some to have been the universal solvent
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line 11 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ when polishing on the wheel it flies into pieces which the true Emerald does not
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lines 9—8 score
line 8 underline "Chrome"
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line 10 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Beryl is well described by Pliny
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lines 3—9 annotation is an old Saxon word expressing the disagreealbe sound, caused by the friction of two pieces of Quartz


lines 14—18 annotation
     [drawing]

bottom-margin annotation ∗ It is Silica coloured with Iron & Manganese


line 11 annotation in its upper part

lines 15—19 annotation [drawing]
lines 4—3 annotation very rare in Secondary & Tertiary rocks
bottom-margin annotation ∗ in Specimens from Dauphigny have one very large acuminating plane the 5 others being almost evanescent


top-margin annotation sometimes encrusted & interspersed with Chlorite
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line 8 underline "Cairngorm stones"
line 10 annotation are distinguished from Topaz by inferior Sp. Grav. & Hardness
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line 12 annotation
line 18 annotation never occurs crystallized
line 26 annotation Silica coloured by Manganese
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line 10 annotation
lines 5—4 annotation [drawing]
bottom-margin annotation ∗ When kept in dry places, exposed to the light, looses in a few years «looses» its colour
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top-margin annotation X The massive variety is easily distinguished «from all other minerals» by its superior hardness
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lines 4—5 annotation A flexible variety occurs in Arthurs Seat
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line 21 annotation from its light green colour.—
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line 11 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Common Quartz impregnated with Iron
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line 2 annotation wood petrified with Hornstone

bottom-margin annotation (The Tick tree in Calcutta has been known to form a strong Mineral , like Woodstone)


line 8 underline "greyish-black"
line 8 annotation owing to Bituminous matter
line 12 annotation is often traversed by veins of white Quartz
line 18 annotation That variety which is free from veins is used for touchstone
line 17 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ by comparing the streak of the pure gold, with that of the specimen assaying


top-margin annotation is of rare occurrence in Scotland owing to the scarceness of Chalk
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lines 10—13 annotation The base of pudding ‹f› stone is quartz; the concretions flint
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line 13 annotation from Calcedon in Asia Minor

line 16 annotation X
line 18 underline "blue"
lines 18—21 annotation where blue is called Sapphirine by the Jewellers
bottom-margin annotation X The dendritic variety is called Mocha Stone from a place in India or from a German word signifying moss, this appearance is owing to Iron & Manganese


line 2 annotation X
top-margin annotation X is mentioned by Pliny as a different mineral
line 4 underline "apple-green"
line 4 annotation owing to Nickel

line 8 annotation from its colour
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line 14 underline "green"
lines 14—16 annotation The green colour is owing to Green earth
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line 9 annotation origin of name disputed
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line 5 underline "Egyptian"
line 5 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ mentioned by Dr. Clarke as occurring near Cairo in great plenty
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line 2 annotation X
top-margin annotation x Clay long exposed to heat

lines 14—15 annotation is Quartz combined with Alumina
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line 4 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X some varieties are called Eye-Stones
     [drawings]
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bottom-margin annotation (All these Romboidal quartz when heated & thrown into water, splits in direction of its cleavage)


line 5 annotation is daily forming


line 6 annotation (minute portions have been found in Scotland
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lines 6—5 annotation has lately been found in Mexico & Faroe Islands


lines 13—10 annotation distinguished from Jasper by superior lustre
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line 10 annotation in New-Holland

line 18 annotation from Menil, a hill near Paris


lines 11—10 annotation from Obsidian a Roman
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lines 5—8 score
lines 5—8 annotation Colouring matter
     & Carbonaceous matter

line 16 annotation often with imbedded portions of Pearl-stone
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line 16 annotation X    from its resinous appearance
bottom-margin annotation X black colour owing to Carbonaceous matter
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line 7 annotation the crystals resemble the head of an axe
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line 10 underline "Iron"
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line 3 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Is Chrysolite in a less perfect form. .
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top-margin annotation Meteoric Iron often contains a mineral like Chrysolite or Olivine —
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line 12 annotation near Edinburgh — Arthur Seat
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line 13 annotation Borate of Magnesia
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lines 8—7 double score

line 1 at "imbedded" annotation always
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line 15 underline "red"
line 15 annotation Bubulite
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bottom-margin annotation (Boracic Acid is found in Salisbury Craigs)
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line 11 annotation occasionally contains a little Boracic Acid
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line 18 annotation from a village in Saxony.
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line 8 annotation signifying a Gooseberry


line 19 annotation from μελασ niger
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line 2 annotation
top-margin annotation ∗ From the different colours it undergoes under the blowpipe
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top-margin annotation «Many of the» Carbuncles of the ancients are garnets: the origin of the name— signifying its shining in the dark is erroneous, this word sometimes refers to th Ruby & Sapphire


lines 6—7 annotation from its beautiful red colour
line 18 underline "Acid of Chrome"
line 24 annotation is called the Bohemian Garnet.


line 12 underline "Zirconia"
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line 5 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ not unlike Hyacinth ,distinguishes from yielding to the knife
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line 9 annotation from oxide of Titanium
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line 22 annotation Oxide of Copper
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line 4 annotation Oxide of Tin
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bottom-margin annotation Distinguished from Tin Ore by its streaks being of reddish «brown» colour; Tin ore having a yellow «grey» colour
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line 1 annotation
top-margin annotation Streaks yellowish
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line 4 annotation (Streaks a distinguishing character)
bottom-margin annotation Occurs in Magnesian rocks. such as Talc & Serpentine. —


lines 5—6 underline "Streak black"
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line 10 underline "Magnetic"
lines 9—10 annotation The magnetic property only occurs in rocks near the surface.—

line 6 annotation when pure, affords 70 per cent of Iron


line 10 annotation in Salisbury Craigs

lines 14—15 underline "Streak ... brown"
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line 9 underline "tarnished"
line 4 underline "splendent"


top-margin annotation (The Magnetic Iron Ore occurs in greater plenty in the North, The Specular in the South)
lines 17—19 annotation occurs in plates in the crevices of Volcanic Rocks. as. Vesuvius

line 19 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ distinguished from Mica, by the rigidity of the Plates
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line 17 underline "botryoidal"
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line 18 annotation ∗    Hydrate of Iron
line 21 underline "yellowish-brown"
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Makes better Steell than the two former varieties
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line 13 underline "Water"


lines 7—8 annotation
     is daily forming in boggy places

bottom-margin annotation ∗ Is well adapted for making cast-Iron
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line 9 annotation Occurs in newer formations than the last.


line 2 underline "dendritic"
top-margin annotation formed of crystals; in this mineral, by cubes

line 13 annotation because when struck gives out sparkes
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line 19 annotation Arsenuent of Nickel
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line 2 annotation X
top-margin annotation X decays more rapidly than th other varieties


line 18 underline "magnetic"


line 10 underline "brass"
top-margin annotation does not afford sparks with steel
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line 2 annotation X continues to be formed by aqueous means


line 11 underline "specular-splendent"
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top-margin annotation Every time volcano emits sulphur, mostly in form of Vapour. —


top-margin annotation (all the insects inclosed in amber are extinct.) & different from those now alive


line 13 annotation Pitchford & Coal-Brook Dale
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top-margin annotation The walls of Babylon were cemented by melted Mineral pitch
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line 6 underline "splendent"
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line 19 annotation Mineral Caoutchouck
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line 18 annotation the remains of ancient trees.—


line 10 annotation but must be mixed with some connecting matter


line 31 annotation common Coal
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line 5 annotation the most common variety
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bottom-margin annotation Is of older formation than the Browne.— (was formed before Mammalia Aves Amphibia but there existed fishes & shells)


lines 8—9 underline "metallic lustre"
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line 4 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X little Bituminous matter
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bottom-margin annotation The Browne coals when burnt emit a very bad smell
     The Glanc Coals never contain vegetables were formed before vegetables existed


lines 14—19 annotation Iron Pyrites is often disseminated in it, & then is mistaken for Gold.
line 23 annotation ∗ Lapis Lazulis has been met with in Vesuvius
bottom-margin annotation Origin disputed, whether formed, or merely broken fragments.—


lines 6—7 annotation [drawing]
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line 22 underline "Compound"
line 22 annotation not homogeneous


line 4bottom-margin annotation [drawing]
bottom-margin annotation a basis including crystals


lines 5—11 annotation [drawing]
     a basis containing cavities or other foreign substances of an amygdaloidal form

lines 10—4 annotation vid: the secondary rocks of Arthur Seat
     [drawing]

line 9 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ the grains joined without basis or cement.—


lines 19—20 underline "slaty ... large"
lines 10—20 annotation [drawing]
     A Slaty B Granular

line 11 underline "Granular"
lines 12—11 annotation of rarer occurrence
     Base granular

line 6 underline "Slaty"
line 6 annotation Base slaty


lines 2—5 annotation [drawing]
line 11 annotation of frequent occurrence in th Calton Hill

bottom-margin annotation [drawing]


line 3 annotation
bottom-margin annotation [drawings]


bottom-margin annotation (Hydrogen & Nitrogen are emitted in greater quantities in some Volcanic countries)


lines 16—26 annotation [drawings] Hornblende
     Felspar
     Syenite

bottom-margin annotation in pale pencil (Felspar is distinguished from Quartz by its inferior hardness, yielding to knife)
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line 15 annotation These four rocks, generally occur in the order here placed
     minute scales of Mica


line 13 annotation according to the formation, so is the state of crystallization


line 9 annotation so called from its resemblance to the colouring of Serpents —


top-margin annotation a mixture of Marble with Serpentine is called Verde Antique.—
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bottom-margin annotation Magnesia occurs in the greatest quantity in the newer Primitive Rocks, as Serpentine


line 10 annotation perhaps ought to be considered a variety of [?]pormilica Greenstone


lines 5—10 annotation is clayslate with imbedded fragments
     [drawing]


bottom-margin annotation 1 Old Red Sandstone
     2 Mountain Limestone
     3 Bed Conglomerate
     4 Magnesia Limestone
     5 New Red Sandstone
     6 Shell Limestone
     7 3rd Sandstone formation
     8 Oolite
     [continues on page 383] 9 (Sand Clay Marl.) Chalk Marl
     10 Chalk formation


line 10 annotation 1


bottom-margin annotation It is disputed that this rock is of the primitive series


line 3 underline "a ... streak"
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line 4 underline "a dull streak"
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line 17 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Sometimes contains Iron Pyrites, which from its decomposing entirely unfits for building


line 10 underline "Trap"
line 10 annotation X
top-margin annotation X The Trap in this formation is composed of Augite & Felspar


line 5 annotation 2


line 8 annotation 7


line 1 annotation 9

line 15 annotation 3


line 13 annotation 7


line 5 annotation 9

line 2 annotation 10


line 13 annotation 11


bottom-margin apparently unintentional mark


line 3 annotation an earthy greenstone


bottom-margin annotation (These rocks generally occur in the old Red Sandstone also in Mountain Limestone sometimes in still newer rocks)


line 17 annotation Tertiary Rocks
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line 13 annotation also contains Pudding stone & Browne Coal


line 9 annotation ∗ The London Clay is of this formation

line 10 (    )
line 10 crossing-out "3"
line 10 annotation ∗ 2
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Iron Pyrites, Sulphate of Lime & Iron occurs in this mineral. also sometimes Amber & Browne clay also various seeds of tropical [continues on page 414] plants. also Crocodiles &c &c & Cocoa Nuts fishes..

line 16 (    )
line 16 at "4" annotation 3
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line 7 (    )
line 7 annotation 3 x
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line 19 (    )
line 19 annotation 4
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line 11 (    )
line 11 annotation 5
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lines 11—13 annotation of considerable importance in the arts; for making millstones
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line 11 underline "fresh-water shells"


line 10 (    )
line 10 annotation 5
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line 12 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X The only Human Fossil Skeleton known was found in this rock


lines 3—12 annotation Beds of this mineral occur in the Meadows & Coates Crescent in Edinburgh
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lines 10—9 annotation differs from Potters Clay in containing Sand
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line 19 annotation [drawing]

lines 24—25 score
lines 24—25 annotation now disputed


line 10 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ Occurs only the more Northern countries never being found in the Tropics
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line 15 at "lakes" annotation their variability being diminished

line 6 (    )
line 6 annotation 6
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line 9 annotation swims on Water
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lines 18—23 annotation [drawing]
     a b c d
     the order of their position
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line 10 annotation
bottom-margin annotation ∗ has often been mistaken for red Pumice Stone

line 4 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X formed by the attrition of different minerals
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lines 4—5 annotation appears to have been sublimed

line 16 score [`bookmark']


bottom-margin annotation The lead mines in Flintshire Shropshire are situated chiefly in Mountain Limestone
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lines 16—17 annotation are mentioned by many of the older writers viz Herodotus observed them in Aegypt also Ovid remarks them.


lines 2—3 annotation Quadrumana none have yet been found—
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line 2 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation Bears are of rare occurrence in alluvial strata


lines 11—9 annotation Another species has been found Europe simultaneous with the Elephant Tapir Rhinoceros


lines 1—5 annotation this is the animal that the Indians belief that the Gods destroyed to prevent the destruction of the Human race.
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bottom-margin annotation 6 distinguished from the Mammoth by tubercular teeth—
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top-margin annotation The Owl & Buzzard
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line 12 annotation one, have been generally found in the tertiary formation of Paris
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line 7 annotation in the Isle of Sheppy


bottom-margin annotation The teeth of Sharks are found in great plenty in the Limestones of Malta


line 11 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X ‹All› Nearly all insects which are found in this mineral are now extinct, except as some say the common Ant . —

lines 20—21 annotation Mr Witham has in his collection a specimen of Amber containing a small skeleton probably a reptile .—

line 4 annotation In one collection in France there is 3560 specimens and nearly 5000 have been described.—


top-margin annotation All the Fossil shells are now extinct . —
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bottom-margin annotation Fossil organic remains are those included in any formation; sometimes, they are scarcely «altered but» generally a portion of the animal «matter» is extracted— often the whole substance is removed & merely a cast remains sometimes it percolated with some Fossil matter & then it is named petrified. —


lines 7—11 double score

bottom-margin annotation [drawing]
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much of page annotation in pale pencil [drawings]
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much of page annotation in dark pencil [drawings]
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much of page annotation [drawings]
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