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Book Title
On the flora of Australia : its origin, affinities, and distribution : being an introductory essay to the flora of Tasmania
By
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 1817-1911
Publication Details
London, Lovell Reeve, 1859
Year
1859
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60980
Holding Institution
Cambridge University Library
Sponsor
JISC & NEH
Copyright & Usage
Rights:
Darwin Estate and Cambridge University Library

Copyright Status:
In copyright


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Example: Birds, Classification, Mammals
Contributed by Cambridge University Library
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Page 
`title page'; not in Darwin's handin brown ink
top-margin annotation C. Darwin from the Author
Page v
lines 10—11 score
line 11 underline "and ... both"
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink V.    no two countries present all vars. of same sp. in common p. XIV
lines 14—15 score
lines 14—15 annotation proof ? (chiefly frm variation in arctic contries)
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink ―    Best-marked vars. on confines of range
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 5—4 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink ―    simplest grups present most variable species
Page vi
lines 10—11 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink VI.    more unstable than stable forms. — social plants constant
⇑lines 19—17 score
⇑line 18 annotation crossing
Page vii
lines 4—5 score in dark pencil
lines 4—5 ) in dark pencil
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink VII.    no relation between isolation of grup & closeness or definition of its species.
lines 7—8 score in dark pencil
lines 11—16 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink ― Extinction allows us to define groups.
⇑lines 15—11 score
Page viii
line 3 underline "a ... unalterable"
line 3 annotation ⸮⸮
line 18 underline "weakened ... exhausted"
line 18 annotation ⸮
⇑lines 19—18 score
⇑lines 19—18 annotation ⸮ without selection doubtful
⇑lines 18—17 underline "the ... inhabits"
⇑line 17 annotation X
bottom-margin annotation X I doubt whether holds with animals.— With Elephant it does perhaps.—
show subjects subjects
Page ix
line 5 underline "neglected"
lines 5—6 annotation with or without propagation by seed ? !!
line 14 score
line 14 underline "original ... apple"
line 14 annotation good
line 15 underline "extent ... Roses"
lines 15—17 {
lines 15—18 annotation where are facts on roses?
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 20—19 score
⇑lines 20—19 )
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑line 2 annotation good
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink IX    conditions of cultivation are not really unnatural
⇑lines 17—12 score
⇑lines 16—15 annotation good
Page x
lines 21—22 score
annotation ??
Page xii
⇑line 5 underline "different ... provinces"
⇑lines 4—5 annotation ?
⇑line 3 underline "more ... permanent"
⇑line 3 at "permanent" annotation ⧟ & more easily disseminated
Page xiii
lines 3—5 score
line 4 annotation cancelled do not understand
⇑lines 21—19 score
⇑lines 21—18 annotation Battle of life pretty equal.—
⇑lines 6—4 double score in dark pencil
⇑lines 6—3 annotation in dark pencil Does it differ beyond having bulb.—
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XIII. one var constant , th other var. of sam sp. variable.
Page xiv
in dark pencil
lines 1—3 double score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink V.    no two countries present all vars. of same sp. in common p. XIV
⇑lines 18—17 score
⇑lines 12—11 double score
Page xv
top-margin annotation Is there not Epacris in Sandwich: how allied to Fuegian genera of Epacris?
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XV.    Flora of isld not nearest related to nearest mainland.
lines 1—8 score
line 1 underline "very"
line 2 underline "often"
line 3 at "Africa" annotation yet African, & islands barren
line 5 annotation X
line 5 underline "some ... forms"
line 8 at "found" annotation exceptionally
line 8 underline "Tristan d'Acunha"
line 8 annotation Is it not nearest to America?
⇑lines 11—9 score
⇑line 13—bottom-margin annotation As coral islands themselves are included, they will generally have subsided, at intervals & been stocked by sea-borne plants & coral-soil
     vry peculiar.—
     ∴ In Indian Ocean comparison not valuable.
show subjects subjects
Page xvi
lines 1—10 annotation An isld so lofty & ancient as Tahiti, whether rising or sinking must have been long peopled. /
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XVI.    gret contrast betwen Hebrides & Fidji
lines 4—7 annotation I doubt whole case
lines 8—21 annotation Hardly facts enough known —
     some islands rather near continent included.— (Marianne & Caroline Isd ought to be included.— & Gambier Isld)
⇑lines 8—1 score
Page xvii
lines 3—7 score
lines 3—7 annotation Effects of dampness on range —
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XVII    Effect of dampness in extending range of Tropical products
lines 9—20 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 5—4 )
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink ―    Has used glacial hypothesis for New Zealand Montains
Page xviii
lines 3—4 apparently unintentional mark in pale pencil
lines 11—13 score
lines 9—18 annotation I doubt because the temperate forms have crossed the Equator in old & new world, & tropical orders still exist in both
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XVIII.    Fuegian species not enterng Mexican table-land
⇑lines 5—1 double score
Page xix
⇑lines 19—16 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XIX to      Geological succession— no progression
Page xx
line 1 underline "genera"
line 1 annotation & Devonian not different
line 13 underline "cone ... Araucaria"
line 15 underline "Cretaceous"
line 16 underline "Juglans"
lines 15—17 annotation Juglans old & intermediate
line 18 underline "Characeae"
lines 18—20 annotation Lyell says in Middle Purbeck )—X
Page xxi
lines 6—8 score
line 7 underline "900"
⇑lines 18—14 score
Page xxii
lines 1—2 score in dark pencil
lines 4—9 score
Page xxiii
in dark pencil
⇑lines 16—14 double score
⇑lines 16—14 annotation good
⇑lines 12—9 score
Page xxiv
lines 1—3 double score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXIV Many plants are higher (so-called) plants reduced. On Highness & Lowness
show subjects subjects
lines 6—19 score
lines 6—11 annotation Highness & Lowness.
⇑lines 19—17 score
⇑lines 19—17 annotation I have somewhere discussed this
show subjects subjects
⇑lines 9—1 score
⇑lines 7—1 annotation good
     Highness & Lownesst01
t01 - `Highness & Lowness' in dark brown ink
Page xxvii
⇑lines 11—9 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXVII. Richness of Antarctic in forms — XXVIII. not so vry peculiar a Flora as thought to be.
show subjects subjects
Page xxviii
lines 9—20 score
lines 17—18 underline "that ... distribution"
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXVII. Richness of Antarctic in forms — XXVIII. not so vry peculiar a Flora as thought to be.
⇑lines 22—18 score
⇑lines 15—11 score
⇑lines 6—3 score
Page xxix
lines 1—3 double score
lines 1—3 annotation peculiarities common to Orders
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXIX    Peculiarities common to same orders in diverse parts of world.—
Page xxxi
lines 3—6 score
lines 9—12 double score
lines 9—14 annotation Shows relations of organisms most important in battle of life.
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXI    on similar proportions in great groups.    (due to battle of life)
lines 18—19 score
lines 16—22 annotation A Farmer in Australia would I presume follow same rotation of crops at equal ‹periods› «intervals» in N & S.
Page xxxiii
lines 11—17 score
line 12 underline "South Africa"
line 12 ∗—
lines 13—14 annotation curious
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXIII «& IV» Relation to Africa — XXXV. Invaders in S.E. Australia
lines 19—20 multiple score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXIII «& IV» Relation to Africa — XXXV. Invaders in S.E. Australia
⇑lines 15—14 score
⇑lines 15—14 score
⇑line 9 annotation X
Page xxxiv
line 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 annotation X
top-margin—line 10 annotation Those with cross abound next most in S. Africa. This looks as if affinity to S. Africa had come round by N.
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXIII «& IV» Relation to Africa — XXXV. Invaders in S.E. Australia
line 5, 6, 8 at "South-east" annotation X
⇑line 15 underline "the genera",
⇑line 15 annotation chiefly mundane orders.
show subjects subjects
Page xxxv
lines 12—15 annotation Invaders, with more species modified.
lines 16—18 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXIII «& IV» Relation to Africa — XXXV. Invaders in S.E. Australia
⇑line 21 underline "half the Australian"
⇑lines 17—9 annotation [lines connecting orders as differently ranked in different geographical zones]
⇑lines 15—12 annotation This makes difference look consideralbe
⇑lines 5—2 score in pale pencil
⇑line 5 annotation — & all over World Alph De Candolle
Page xxxvi
lines 5—7 score
line 6 underline "six species"
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XXXVI    Nr of species to genera in Australia
⇑line 17 crossing-out in brown ink "Cruciferae"
⇑line 17 annotation in brown ink Coniferae
line 17 score
line 17 annotation cancelled How mny Specis
⇑line 13 score
Page xxxvii
line 2 score
line 2 annotation x
Page xli
⇑lines 9—7 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XLI Exclusive Tropical orders are all Indian. See MS note LIV
Page xlii
lines 8—10 score
lines 5—13 annotation must take old & new Worlds as distinct categories.
line 13—bottom-margin annotation What a number African & some American
     N.B great extinction within Tropics durng glacial explains Vast range of many tropical plants in at least old World
     Ask Hooker.— Whether there are not many wide rangers in Tropics «— (Hooker thinks not materials to know Look to A De Cand)» Again I suspct vry few confined to hottest parts of Tropics. which might be expected frm range in Australia & C. of Good Hope.—
     There must be discussion in Alp. D.C. on range of Tropical plants compared to temperate . — If th range were given N. & S it would be best.— But America frm Atlantic Ocean complicated problem. —
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XLII.    Gret range of many tropical sp. bears on «much» Extinction durng Glacial. «good see MS note» Ask Hooker.
Page xlix
lines 15—18 score
Page l
lines 3—7 double score
line 7 underline "Stylidium"
line 9 underline "Lagenophora ... Haloragis"
line 10 underline "Malayan Peninsula"
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink L.    Entire want of reciprocity between India & Australia
lines 13—16 score
lines 20—23 score
⇑lines 15—13 score
⇑lines 7—2 score
⇑lines 3—1 score
⇑lines 2—1 underline "great ... genera"
Page li
lines 8—11 }
lines 8—11 annotation —most favouralbe in conditions & larger
lines 12—13 double score
lines 12—13 annotation X
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LI.    Wonderful difference between S.E & S.W. Australia
line 17 underline "1700 miles"
lines 20—21 annotation Eyre's desert between
[continues overleaf] ⇑12 annotation wonderful
Page lii
[continuation] 19—20 annotation 82 sp./133
line 28 annotation 55
Page liii
lines 18—19 score
lines 22—23 score
line 25 score
line 25 annotation in S.E. a much more mixed & imported Flora
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LIII. «to IV» In S.E. a much more mixed & imported Flora: The invaders have destroyed «many indigenes»
Page liv
lines 1—4 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LIII. «to IV» In S.E. a much more mixed & imported Flora: The invaders have destroyed «many indigenes»
⇑lines 21—20 double score
⇑lines 21—10 double score
⇑lines 21—20 underline "It ... area"
⇑lines 21—20 annotation (a)
⇑lines 28—17 annotation yes because dominant forms wd only invade the land.— x
     (a) One intruding dominant form might well destry several closey allied reprsntative specis.
bottom-margin annotation (a) Pampas & N. temp. Europe & Siberia are all lately tenanted lands by dominant species & are not number of species few ?? Perhaps different case altogether
⇑lines 16—12 score
⇑line 14—bottom-margin annotation was not S.W. corner an archipelago with represntativ specs like Galapagos or Madeira & P. Santo with respect to land-shells ??? He hints at this further on. .
bottom-margin annotation Indian Tropical plants formed in big area & fitted for Tropics & not for temperate parts have invaded & almost exterminated Australian Flora of Tropics.— Further on states that Indian Flora (as distinct frm Malay) is formd in low part of Malay Isd /
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XLI Exclusive Tropical orders are all Indian. See MS note LIV
Page lv
line 9 annotation ?
lines 16—19 score
⇑lines 5—1 score
Page lvi
⇑lines 20—19 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LVI    Tasmanian list classed geographically
Page lxxxiv
lines 3—4 score
show subjects subjects
lines 15—17 score
line 19 underline "fully one-fifth"
line 20 underline "one-tenth"
⇑lines 21—18 score
⇑lines 14—11 double score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LXXXIV Discussion on. On European Plants. much modification in Tasmania
Page lxxxv
lines 2—5 score
line 14 annotation X
lines 18—19 )
lines 18—19 score
⇑lines 15—11 score
⇑lines 9—5 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LXXXV. The Alpines of th mundane genera «are more variable» than th Alpines of Australian genera.— Perhaps the latter existed before Glacial epoch.—
Page lxxxvi
in pale pencil
⇑lines 3—1 score
Page lxxxvii
lines 6—9 score
lines 11—13 score
lines 15—17 score
lines 18—19 score
lines 18—19 annotation This looks again as if S.W. corner was original focus of Australian forms
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LXXXVII    Wonderful facts on absence of Aus. Plants in N. Zealand— showng non-continuous «land.»    Dominant invaders in N. Zealand.    LXXXIX Lord Howe's Island.—
⇑lines 21—20 double score
⇑lines 18—1 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 16—6 annotation vry strikng looks to me conclusive that never continuous land.— X
bottom-margin annotation X we can with some probability suppose tht plants wd. have marched along continuous land— but we know hardly anything about march across seas. —
Page lxxxviii
lines 9—12 double score in pale pencil
line 15 double score
lines 19—24 double score
line 25 double score
line 25 underline "eastern"
⇑lines 12—10 score
⇑lines 12—11 annotation dominant invaders
⇑lines 9—3 annotation X it looks as if more transport durng Glacial Period — Icebergs.
Page lxxxix
line 5 underline "theory ... migration"
⇑lines 3—1 score
lines 3—8 annotation You do not know effect of Salt-water on the seeds.—
lines 10—11 score
lines 10—11 annotation ? do not understand
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LXXXIX Antarctic Plants
lines 15—18 multiple score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink LXXXVII    Wonderful facts on absence of Aus. Plants in N. Zealand— showng non-continuous «land.»    Dominant invaders in N. Zealand.    LXXXIX Lord Howe's Island.—
Page xc
lines 1—2 score
⇑lines 2—1 score
Page xci
⇑lines 9—7 score
Page xcii
lines 2—5 score
lines 2—5 annotation some excessively ancient connection
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCII. «& XCVIII» S. African forms:t01 relation with respct to Glacial «period»
t01 - underlined in pencil
Page xciii
lines 4—6 score
line 7 underline "220 ... genera"
line 7 at "genera" annotation X
top-margin annotation cancelled X Hookers believes only few
line 8 at "are" annotation almost exclusively
lines 7—11 score
lines 7—11 annotation But I suppose many found in Tropics ??? — (see p. XCVIII for same question)
Page xcv
lists continue on next page
top-margin—line 15 annotation I wish I knew which of these genera are not found in lowland Tropics & include species reprentative of those fd in northern Europe or N. Asiat01 for on Glacial view these have been modified since Glacial period. (next page 38 identical species are given ) It has always been my greatest fear that there has been so much modification since Glacial, that it wd. upset view.— Some few genera may formerly have been mundane & Tropical & not now so.—
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCV «& XCVII» Important lists bearing on Glacial.— Many monotypic ‹& small› «in Australia»
t01 - `or N. Asia' in dark pencil
whole-margin annotation For Glacial strike out all those marked Trop.
     Strike out those marked with ∗
     Are many of these genera monotypic like the identical species — ??
     Water plants ought ‹to› perhaps to be struck out — no. not so if not found in Tropics.
whole-margin annotation X This mark means species identical with Europe (‹not finished›) but the water plants not struck out. because not marked by Hooker
whole-margin annotation [other struck-out entries]
whole-margin annotation [genera annotated with number of species]
whole-margin annotation [other entries]
t—bottom-margin at "Thlapsi; Capparis spinosa; Eritrichium" annotation ?
t—bottom-margin at "Montia fontana" annotation water
t—bottom-margin at "Eryngium" annotation .Trop or Brazil not in Asia
t—bottom-margin at "Hibiscus trionum" annotation [no mark]
Page xcvi
continuation of lists from previous page
whole-margin annotation [entries struck out because starred or noted as tropical]
whole-margin annotation [entries marked X]
show subjects concepts
whole-margin annotation [other struck-out entries (not otherwise marked)]
show subjects subjects
whole-margin annotation [genera marked with numbers of species]
whole-margin annotation [entries marked as water-plants]
Page xcvii
line 3 underline "38"
line 3 annotation These plants immigrated durng Glacial period.—
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCV «& XCVII» Important lists bearing on Glacial.— Many monotypic ‹& small› «in Australia»
line 21 at "Montia" annotation water X
⇑line 17 at "Alisma" annotation water X
⇑line 5 at "Glyceria" annotation water X
⇑lines 2—1 score
⇑lines 2—1 underline "great ... plants"
⇑lines 9—1 annotation Hooker says about 18/38 are monotypic
Page xcviii
lines 1—2 double score
line 2 underline "them ... alpine"
lines 3—5 multiple score
lines 7—9 multiple score
lines 10—14 double score
lines 23—29 annotation These genera I presume not found in Tropics?
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCII. «& XCVIII» S. African forms:t01 relation with respct to Glacial «period»
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCVIII    Grand lists bearing on Glacial distribution V. good remark p. CII
t01 - underlined in pencil
line 24 annotation — composi great range
bottom-margin annotation vertically crossed The species in S. Africa seem not to be identical — is this fact or want of knowledge of species are your facts taken from Drege ?
Page xcix
lines 20—21 multiple score
Page c
lines 1—2 multiple score
lines 3—4 multiple score
lines 2—3 annotation Arctic Plants
line 11 at "30" annotation Fuegian
show subjects subjects
lines 14—16 multiple score
lines 17—19 multiple score
⇑lines 10—8 double score
⇑line 8 at "is" annotation doubtful
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink C.    not reciprocity in Europe with Australia
⇑lines 7—3 multiple score
Page ci
also marked by Darwin F
lines 12—15 score
from End Slip 2, Side 2 annotation in dark brown ink p CI    Relation of fossil & recent plants
⇑lines 9—6 score
Page cii
lines 2—4 score in pale pencil
lines 2—4 underline "types ... migrated"
lines 2—4 annotation in pale pencil misprnt
show subjects concepts
lines 11—12 annotation ⸮
⇑lines 14—12 double score
⇑lines 2—1 score
from End Slip 2, Side 1 annotation in dark brown ink XCVIII    Grand lists bearing on Glacial distribution V. good remark p. CII
Page ciii
lines 7—10 score
from End Slip 2, Side 2 annotation in dark brown ink CIII    Discussion on Glacial Flora
lines 13—15 score
lines 18—25 score
⇑lines 15—13 double score
⇑lines 10—9 score
⇑line 9 underline "too ... entering"
Page civ
also marked by Darwin F
lines 1—2 underline "and ... Islands"
lines 2—3 double score
[continues overleaf] ⇑lines 9—1 score in pale pencil
⇑lines 9—3 annotation in pale pencil good about Struggle
from End Slip 2, Side 2 annotation in dark brown ink CIV    Good remarks on Struggle for Existence
Page cv
[continuation] 1—4 score
[continues overleaf] ⇑5 underline in brown ink "unoccupied ... England"
⇑lines 6—4 annotation in brown ink were these spots bare?
from End Slip 2, Side 2 annotation in dark brown ink CV.    On Naturalised plants good — M.S. Remarks on.—
Page cvi
[continuation] 2—3 score
lines 2—3 annotation ⸮⸮
⇑lines 23—5 annotation Very good showing how many of th same species are naturalised in Australia & U. States with vry different climates; ☞ opposed to your conclusion
[continues overleaf] ⇑14 score
⇑line 3 score
Page cvii
[continuation; continues overleaf] 21 score
⇑line 13 double score
Page cviii
lines 14—22 annotation Several Indian plants «& US» shows us such grt necessity of constant introduction of seed.
[continuation; continues overleaf] 18—19 score
line 20 score
lines 22—24 double score
⇑lines 19—18 score
⇑line 13 score
⇑line 9 score
⇑lines 6—5 double score
⇑line 4 underline "Cape of Good Hope"
Page cix
[continuation] 22—23 score
⇑line 1 score
bottom-margin annotation No remarks on cultivated plants !!!
Page cx
whole-margin unmarked
from End Slip 2, Side 2 annotation in dark brown ink CX    Many Native Esculent plants
Page cxii
in pale pencil
⇑lines 6—3 annotation ‹2› 38 [+] 25 [+] 44 [=] 107 spe & gen