Notoungulata and Litopterna of the Early Miocene Chucal fauna, northern Chile

Title Variants

Alternative: Chucal ungulates

Related Titles

Series: Fieldiana, Geology, new ser., no. 50

Series: Publication (Field Museum of Natural History), 1528

By

Croft, Darin A.

Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955-
Wyss, André R.

Type

Book

Material

Published material

Publication info

Chicago, Ill, Field Museum of Natural History, 2004

Notes

"Published July 30, 2004."

This study describes the notoungulates and litopterns (endemic South American ungulates) from the Chucal Fauna of northern Chile. Eight species are known to date, including seven notoungulates and one litoptern. The bulk of the toxodontid notoungulate material, including a well-preserved partial skull, is referred to Nesodon imbricatus. A few postcranial elements and a single partial tooth are referred to Adinotherium sp. indet. Poorly preserved dental material may represent a third (indeterminate) toxodontid. Fragmentary dental and postcranial remains are referred to Hegetotherium cf. H. mirabile (Hegetotheriidae). Theosodon sp. indet. (Litopterna: Macraucheniidae) is recorded on the basis of a variety of diagnostic limb bones, but dental remains of this taxon are not yet recorded at Chucal. Three new species of mesoteriid notoungulates are described: Altitypotherium paucidens, Altitypotherium chucalensis, and Eotypotherium chico. The largest, Altitypotherium paucidens, differs from all previously described mesotheriids in the loss of an upper premolar (P3). Altitypotherium chucalensis is represented by an associated skull and mandibles plus postcranial remains. Eotypotherium chico, based on gnathic remains, is the smallest mesotheriid known. Bracketing radioisotopic dates and biostratigraphic correlation argue for referral of the Chucal Fauna to the Santacrucian South American Land Mammal "Age" (late early Miocene). The forms from Chucal are the only mesotheriids known for this temporal interval and also mark the earliest known occurrence of mesotheriines. A phylogenetic analysis places the three taxa from Chucal as early diverging members of the Mesotheriinae, with Eotypotherium chico representing the outgroup to all remaining members of the clade. In the presence and abundance of mesotheriines and in the absence of interatheriids, the Chucal Fauna more closely resembles geographically proximate (but younger) faunas in Bolivia and the Precordillera of northernmost Chile than temporally correlative faunas from southern South America. This pattern indicates significant faunal provinciality in South America during the late early Miocene and suggests that the intermediate latitudes might have been a center of diversification for mesotheriines and potentially other groups of mammals.

Fieldiana series has been published as Geological Series by Field Columbian Museum (1895-1909) and Field Museum of Natural History (1909-1943), and as Fieldiana: Geology by Chicago Natural History Museum (1945-1966) and Field Museum of Natural History (1966-).

Subjects

Chile , Litopterna , Miocene , Notoungulata , Paleontology , Ungulates, Fossil

Call Number

QE1 .F4 n.s., no.50

Language

English

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5228
OCLC: 56105997
Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q51512126